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AbstractWith 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), YX-1 (a monomer containing an amide group) as the main chain, DX-2 (a monomer containing a hydrophobic group), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as the side chain, the high temperature resistant suspension stabilizer for spacer was prepared by free radical aqueous solution polymerization and characterized. The structure was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), which proved that the synthesized product was the target product. The performance of the copolymer was evaluated. The experimental results showed that it could be used in the spacer fluid at 30 ∼ 210 °C, and its sedimentation performance could also meet the requirements in the spacer fluid system containing saturated brine. In order to explore the mechanism of the polymer, the polymer solution was tested by six-speed rotational viscometer, pyrene fluorescence probe test, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) test, and the isolation solution containing the copolymer was tested by Zeta potential test and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the above test results, it is shown that the suspension stabilizer synthesized in this paper has the characteristics of thickening, physical plugging, chemical and physical adsorption, which can effectively ensure that the spacer fluid has excellent suspension performance at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection can involve multiple systems and result in atypical clinical manifestations that mimic other diseases, the diagnosis may be difficult, especially in elderly patients. Delaying treatment can adversely affect the prognosis. And to achieve better prognosis, early detection and diagnosis are necessary, as well as early initiation of comprehensive treatment. Case presentation: We present the case of a 78-year-old man with disseminated tuberculosis who developed the uncommon complication of urinary retention due to a psoas abscess, meningoencephalitis, and the rare secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome. The patient achieved a favorable outcome following targeted therapy with antitubercular medications. Conclusions: This case highlights that disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection can present with a variety of manifestations, and may exhibit many rare and complex clinical presentations. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment play a crucial role in improving prognosis for the patients with persistent fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Mainland universities have become one of the important choices for students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, but the maladaptation caused by environmental migration will have a negative impact on the mental health of them. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the psychological mechanism of sociocultural adaptation of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan students. Methods: In order to explore the influence of self-esteem on the sociocultural adaptation of college students of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan studying in mainland universities, as well as the mechanism of social support and school belonging, a survey was conducted among 1108 college students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan studying in mainland universities, with the help of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Sociocultural Adaptation Scale, Perceptive Social Support Scale and The Psychological Sense of School belonging Scale. Results: The results show that (1) Different grades of college students of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have differences in school belonging and sociocultural adaptation (P< 0.05); (2) Self-esteem, social support, school belonging and sociocultural adaptation were positively correlated (P < 0.01); (3) The mediation model test showed that self-esteem could directly and positively predict sociocultural adaptation with a direct effect size of 0.245; Social support and school belonging played a mediating role between self-esteem and sociocultural adaptation, and the mediating effect sizes were 0.094 and 0.085, respectively. The chain mediating effect of social support and school belonging was also significant, and the mediating effect size was 0.108. Conclusion: Self-esteem can not only directly affect college students' sociocultural adaptation, but also indirectly affect college students' sociocultural adaptation through the chain mediating effect of social support and school belonging. This study further reveals the mechanism of self-esteem on sociocultural adaptation and provides psychological basis for universities to improve the sociocultural adaptation level of different groups of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opioids are metabolised by enzymes the activities of which vary with the circadian rhythm. We examined whether opioid infusions administered at different times of the day produce varying degrees of opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) in animal experiments and clinical studies. Male Sprague–Dawley rats received remifentanil infusions (1 μg kg−1·min−1 for 1 h) at Zeitgeber times (ZT) 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 h. Rhythmicity of mechanical hypersensitivity was assayed after the infusion. Mechanical hypersensitivity, drug concentration, and metabolic enzyme activity of Wistar rats that received sufentanil (10 μg kg−1; four consecutive i.p. injections at 15-min intervals) or remifentanil infusion at ZT0 or ZT8 were assayed. Sixty patients who underwent abdominal laparoscopic surgery under general anaesthesia received remifentanil infusion (0.15 μg kg−1 min−1) and sufentanil injection (0.2 μg kg−1) at induction and skin incision, respectively. Postoperative pressure pain sensitivity, pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), drug concentrations, and nonspecific esterase activity were assessed. Sprague–Dawley rats that received remifentanil infusion exhibited a robust rhythmic paw withdrawal threshold (JTK_CYCLE: P =0.001, Q=0.001, Phase=26). Wistar rats infused with remifentanil or sufentanil at ZT8 exhibited greater OIH (P <0.001) than those infused at ZT0, with higher blood concentrations (P <0.001) and lower metabolic enzyme activities (P =0.026 and P =0.028, respectively). Patients in the afternoon group exhibited higher pressure pain sensitivity at forearm (P =0.002), higher NRS (P <0.05), higher drug concentrations (sufentanil: P =0.037, remifentanil: P =0.005), and lower nonspecific esterase activity (P =0.024) than the morning group. Opioid infusions administered at different times of day produced varying degrees of OIH, possibly related to circadian rhythms of metabolic enzyme activities. NCT 05234697. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) is a chronic skin disease characterized by aberrant keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal hyperproliferation, and amyloid deposits. Previously, we demonstrated OSMR loss-function mutants enhanced basal keratinocyte differentiation through the OSMR/STAT5/KLF7 signaling in PLCA patients. To investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in basal keratinocyte proliferation in PLCA patients that remain unclear. Patients with pathologically confirmed PLCA visiting the dermatologic outpatient clinic were involved in the study. Laser capture microdissection and mass spectrometry analysis, gene-edited mice, 3D human epidermis culture, flow cytometry, western blot, qRT-PCR and RNA sequencing were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we found that AHNAK peptide fragments were enriched in the lesions of PLCA patients, as detected by laser capture microdissection and mass spectrometry analysis. The upregulated expression of AHNAK was further confirmed using immunohistochemical staining. qRT-PCR and flow cytometry revealed that pre-treatment with OSM can inhibit AHNAK expression in HaCaT cells, NHEKs, and 3D human skin models, but OSMR knockout or OSMR mutations abolished this down-regulation trend. Similar results were obtained in wild-type and OSMR knockout mice. More importantly, EdU incorporation and FACS assays demonstrated the knockdown of AHNAK could induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibit keratinocyte proliferation. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed that AHNAK knockdown regulated keratinocyte differentiation. Taken together, these data indicated that the elevated expression of AHNAK by OSMR mutations led to hyperproliferation and overdifferentiation of keratinocytes, and the discovered mechanism might provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for PLCA. • The expression of AHNAK was elevated in primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis skin lesions. • OSM repressed AHNAK via the OSMRβ/gp130 complex in keratinocytes. • AHNAK regulated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in keratinocytes. • AHNAK regulated epidermal terminal differentiation via CALML5 protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Lab-scale LCA reveals energy use of pyrolysis as hotspot in hard carbon supply chain. • Emission and waste treatment is key to enhance industrial hard carbon sustainability. • Upscaling establishes a predictive benchmark for hard carbon from lab to industry. • Upscaling LCA of the hard carbon outlines its potential as a green anode. This paper aims to address research gaps surrounding the environmental impact of Hard Carbon (HC) production by conducting a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based on data from two laboratories with differing backgrounds and scenarios. HC is commonly used as anode material for sodium-ion batteries, a potentially sustainable and cost-efficient alternative for lithium-ion batteries. The study identifies environmentally sustainable routes for HC synthesis by comparing various biomass and synthesis pathways. The study reveals that the energy consumption of the pyrolysis process is the primary contributor to the environmental footprint of lab-scale HC production. A prospective LCA is performed by upscaling the laboratory processes to pilot- and industrial scale based on expert judgement and assumptions on energy and material balance. The results show that the environmental profile of HC can be significantly improved when the production scale is expanded. At large production scales, HC shows great potential to be used as a counterpart to graphite in future battery systems. However, direct emissions, such as methane, and the depletion of materials, such as argon and acid, become more critical to the environmental footprint, highlighting the need for energy recovery, emission treatment strategies, and more efficient use of materials. This work provides a framework for future LCA studies of HC, highlighting the limitations of simplified upscaling. It also provides a foundation for developing sustainable energy storage systems, thereby contributing to more informed decision-making in HC industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arachnoid cysts are one of the benign spinal cystic lesions. Multiple nerve roots and spinal cord may be compressed by it, and operating is often recommended. Traditional surgical procedures often choose the posterior median approach, separating the paravertebral muscles, milling the lamina, fully exposing the cyst, partially or completely removing the cyst wall, looking for the leak, and then suturing and sealing. Here we present a case of giant spinal extradural arachnoid cyst in which a ultrafine flexible endoscope was used to visualize cystic spaces and identity the leaks. We repaired the leak after removing part of the cyst wall under the operating microscope, and the patient had an excellent recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Attentional bias to threat is a fundamental transdiagnostic component and potential vulnerability factor for internalizing psychopathologies. However, the measurement of attentional bias, such as traditional scores from the dot-probe paradigm, evidence poor reliability and do not measure intra-individual variation in attentional bias. Methods: The present study examined, in three independent samples, the psychometric properties of a novel attentional bias (AB) scoring method of the dot-probe task based on responses to individual trials. For six AB scores derived using the response-based approach, we assessed the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, familial associations, and external validity (using Social Anxiety Disorder, a disorder strongly associated with attentional bias to threatening faces). Results: Compared to traditional AB scores, response-based scores had generally better internal consistency (range of Cronbach's alphas: 0.68–0.92 vs. 0.41–0.71), higher test–retest reliabilities (range of Pearson's correlations: 0.26–0.77 vs. − 0.05 to 0.35), and were more strongly related in family members (range of ICCs: 0.11–0.27 vs. 0–0.05). Furthermore, three response-based scores added incremental validity beyond traditional scores and gender in the external validators of current and lifetime Social Anxiety Disorder. Conclusions: Findings indicate that response-based AB scores from the dot-probe task have better psychometric properties than traditional scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the multi-label text classification problems with many classes, many existing multi-label classification algorithms become infeasible or suffer an unaffordable cost. Some researches hence perform the Label Space Dimension Reduction(LSDR) to solve this problem, but a number of methods ignore the sequence information of texts and the label correlation in the original label space, and treat the label as a meaningless multi-hot vector. In this paper, we put forward a multi-label text classification algorithm LELC(joint learning from L abel E mbedding and L abel C orrelation) based on the multi-layer attention and label correlation to solve the issue of multi-label text classification with a large number of class labels. Specifically, we firstly extract features through Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit Network(Bi-GRU), multi-layer attention and linear layers. Bi-GRU will capture the content information and sequence information of the text at the same time, and the attention mechanism can help us select the valid features related to labels. Then, we use matrix factorization to perform LSDR, and consider label correlation of the original label space in this process, which allows us to implicitly encode the latent space and simplify the model learning. Finally, Deep Canonical Correlation Analysis(CCA) technology is exploited to couple features and the latent space in an end-to-end pattern, so that these two can influence each other to learn the mapping of feature space to latent space. Experiments on 11 real-world datasets show the comparability between our proposed model and the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the multi-label text classification problems with many classes, many existing multi-label classification algorithms become infeasible or suffer an unaffordable cost. Some researches hence perform the Label Space Dimension Reduction(LSDR) to solve this problem, but a number of methods ignore the sequence information of texts and the label correlation in the original label space, and treat the label as a meaningless multi-hot vector. In this paper, we put forward a multi-label text classification algorithm LELC(joint learning from L abel E mbedding and L abel C orrelation) based on the multi-layer attention and label correlation to solve the issue of multi-label text classification with a large number of class labels. Specifically, we firstly extract features through Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit Network(Bi-GRU), multi-layer attention and linear layers. Bi-GRU will capture the content information and sequence information of the text at the same time, and the attention mechanism can help us select the valid features related to labels. Then, we use matrix factorization to perform LSDR, and consider label correlation of the original label space in this process, which allows us to implicitly encode the latent space and simplify the model learning. Finally, Deep Canonical Correlation Analysis(CCA) technology is exploited to couple features and the latent space in an end-to-end pattern, so that these two can influence each other to learn the mapping of feature space to latent space. Experiments on 11 real-world datasets show the comparability between our proposed model and the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the sedimentary paleoenvironmental changes in the marine-terrestrial strata of the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation in the Datong Basin of North China, we generated mineralogical and geochemical data of the Tashan and Emaokou mines in the eastern Datong Basin. The study strata vertically comprise kaolinitic claystones in the upper and lower parts and calcareous mudstones in the middle. The kaolinitic claystones are primarily composed of kaolinite and quartz, with a small amount of illite, feldspar and siderite, whereas the calcareous mudstones comprise mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) clay and carbonate minerals, with a minor amount of quartz, kaolinite, feldspar, and siderite. The paleosalinity indicators (B/Ga, Sr/Ba, and paleontological detritus) indicate that kaolinitic claystones are formed in freshwater, whereas calcareous mudstones are formed in marine water. The redox-sensitive trace element ratios (U/Th and Ni/Co) and trace metal enrichment factors (Mo EF and U EF) indicate that kaolinitic claystone and calcareous mudstone formed under oxic and anoxic–suboxic conditions, respectively. Clay assemblages, chemical alteration index (CIA), and the Sr/Cu ratios show that kaolinitic claystones and calcareous mudstones were deposited under hot, humid, intense weathering conditions and warm, humid, and moderately weathering conditions, respectively. Based on these data and combined with previous studies, we conclude that transgressive events caused the changes in sediments in the study area, and the occurrence of transgressive events is related to the global glacio-eustatic fluctuation and paleoclimate changes during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). Our results are essential for unraveling the relationship between the study area and global paleoenvironmental changes during the LPIA. • Two distinct sediment types (kaolinitic and calcareous) in the Datong Basin. • Kaolinitic type formed in freshwater during sea-level lowstands. • Calcareous type formed in marine waters during transgressions. • Ultimate control was glacio-eustasy and paleoclimate change during the LPIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is a decapod crustacean with a special, non-condensated nucleus in the sperm. Studies have shown that the nuclear compact state of male germ cells during the spermatogenesis is closely related to histone modification. To explore the possible role of histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) in the chromatin organization during the E. sinensis spermatogenesis, we took the testis tissues of both adult and juvenile crabs as the materials of study and analyzed the biological functions of HAT1 by whole transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics, then further analyzed the expression and distribution of HAT1 using the methods of RT-qRCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence location. The results showed that HAT1 is an alkaline-unstable hydrophilic protein. It was predicted to interact with a variety of histones and chromosome assembly proteins, including Asf1b, Chaf1b, and Hist1h3f, and is involved in many biological functions pertaining to chromatin dynamics such as chromatin organization, DNA dependent nucleosome assembly, DNA conformational changes, and so on. HAT1 was up-regulated in the adult testes compared to the juvenile (n = 3, P < 0.05). HAT1 was mainly located in the nuclei of male germ cells of E. sinensis. As spermatogenesis proceeded, the expression of HAT1 decreased and even disappeared in the nuclei (n = 3, P < 0.05). HAT1 is an important player in histone acetylation, which facilitates chromatin alteration in a three-dimensional conformation. The expression of HAT1 in different male germ cells might indicate the chromatin dynamics at the diversity stages of spermatogenesis. The high expression of HAT1 at the early stages of E. sinensis spermatogenesis hints the active involvement in chromatin organization, while its progressively reduced expression accompanied by the progression of spermatogenesis suggests a relatively gradual stabilization and stereotyping of chromatin. As for the disappearance of HAT1 in mature sperm with non-condensed nuclei, the reduction in histones targeted by HAT1 or histone acetylation may be an important initiator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylic resin and PLZT (Pb0.910La0.060 (Zr0.580Ti0.420)0.975Nb0.020O3.000) powder were mixed to prepare PLZT/acrylic resin thermosetting feedstock. Injection molding is used to form high-strength PLZT piezoelectric ceramic embryos then sintered to piezoelectric materials. The experimental results showed that the residual polarization is higher at 85% solid content of the feed and the d33 value increased. And the PLZT powder coated with stearic acid can improve the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of powder injection molded piezoelectric ceramics. Tests above are intended to provide preliminary exploration for thermal curing injection molding and thermal curing 3 D printing piezoelectric ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many recommendation methods have introduced item correlation information to alleviate the data sparsity and cold-start problems. However, existing approaches exploit either global or local item correlations, rarely consider both global and local item correlations, and thus they cannot provide advanced recommendation performance. Inspired by this, we propose a novel collaborative deep framework called GLICR to simultaneously incorporate the global and local item correlations into the model. More specifically, our proposed GLICR model tightly couples deep neural network with matrix factorization (MF), and jointly learns the deep feature representations of item content information in deep neural network and the rating matrix in MF. In addition, we introduce manifold regularization to learn the global and local item correlations directly from data. We conduct comprehensive experiments on real-world datasets at three different degrees of sparsity to confirm that our approach can effectively alleviate data sparsity problem and is superior to existing state-of-the-art recommendation techniques. This work is the first attempt that considers the global and local item correlations by manifold regularization in recommendation scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Studied the role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in current & remitted disorders. • IU was elevated in current fear, distress/misery, but not externalizing, disorders. • In remission, IU was only elevated in fear disorders. • All results were independent of the effects of neuroticism/negative affectivity. • IU was more consistently associated with fear than distress/misery disorders. Abstract Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a putative key, transdiagnostic factor in internalizing psychopathologies. However, it is unclear if elevated levels of IU, as measured by the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, short form (IUS-12) and its subscales (prospective and inhibitory IU), persist into remission of internalizing psychopathologies (or particular types of internalizing psychopathologies; e.g., fear vs. distress-misery disorders). It is also unknown if IU is specifically characteristic of internalizing (vs. externalizing) psychopathology and whether this relationship is independent of neuroticism/negative affectivity (N/NA). A large community sample (n = 517) completed a diagnostic interview and self-report measures of IU and N/NA. Results indicated that, independent of N/NA, IU was elevated in current fear and distress/misery disorders, but not externalizing disorders. Individuals with remitted fear disorders also displayed significantly elevated levels of IU in comparison to healthy controls after adjusting for levels of N/NA. In terms of subscales, elevated levels of inhibitory IU, and not prospective IU, demonstrated more reliable relationships with internalizing psychopathologies. In summary, IU was more consistently related to fear disorders, demonstrated incremental validity over and above the effects of N/NA, and may be a key, transdiagnostic mechanism in fear disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The mechanical properties of oil well cement were improved by the hybrid NS/GO. • The effect of hybrid NS/GO on hydration and pozzolanic reaction degree was discussed. • The hybrid NS/GO could refine the pores of the matrix. • The hybrid structure was beneficial for nano-materials' dispersity in alkaline cement. Abstract Hybrid effects of nano-silica and graphene oxide on mechanical properties and hydration products of oil well cement have been investigated by means of TEM, TGA, XRD, SEM, MIP and mechanical testing. The results showed the designed hybrid structure was beneficial for SiO 2 particles and GO nanosheets to disperse well in alkaline cement. The compressive and flexural strength of cement with hybrid nano-materials of 1.5% NS and 0.03% GO was increased by 43.2% and 42% with 28 days of curing respectively, which was far better than cement with single NS or GO. Graphene oxide and nano-silica have a hybrid effect including better dispersion of nano-materials, higher degree of hydration and pozzolanic reaction, and network structure formation of hydration products, all of which were beneficial to reinforcing the mechanical properties of cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, document recommendation has become a very hot research area in online services. Since rating information is usually sparse with exploding growth of the numbers of users and items, conventional collaborative filtering-based methods degrade significantly in recommendation performance. To address this sparseness problem, auxiliary information such as item content information may be utilized. Convolution matrix factorization (ConvMF) is an appealing method, which tightly combines the rating and item content information. Although ConvMF captures contextual information of item content by utilizing convolutional neural network (CNN), the latent representation may not be effective when the rating information is very sparse. To address this problem, we generalize recent advances in supervised CNN and propose a novel recommendation model called supervised convolution matrix factorization (Super-ConvMF), which effectively combines the rating information, item content information and tag information into a unified recommendation framework. Experiments on three real-world datasets, two datasets come from MovieLens and the other one is from Amazon, show our model outperforms the state-of-the-art competitors in terms of the whole range of sparseness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently how to recommend celebrities to public has become an interesting problem in real social network applications. In this problem, a matrix of users' following actions is usually very sparse. Therefore, it causes conventional collaborative filtering based methods to degrade significantly in recommendation performance. To address the sparsity problem, side information could be rendered. Collaborative social topic regression (CSTR) is an appealing new method, which combines the matrix of general users' following actions, content information and a social network of celebrities. However, this method is limited by using the topic model latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) as the critical component. The learned content representation may not be compact and effective enough. Moreover, the social network of general users also exists, which is helpful for recommendation. In this paper, we employ a deep learning component to learn more effective feature representation and incorporate social network information of general users by adding social regularization terms. We propose a novel hierarchical Bayesian model named collaborative social deep learning (CSDL), which jointly handles deep learning for the content information and collaborative filtering for general users' following actions, the social network of celebrities and that of general users. Experiments on two real-world datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data uncertainty is inherent in many real-world applications such as sensor data monitoring and mobile tracking. Mining sequential patterns from uncertain/inaccurate data, such as sensor readings and GPS trajectories, is important to discover hidden knowledge in such applications. This paper addresses the problem of pattern matching with periodical wildcards for uncertain sequences. We present a dynamic programming approach, called CoDP, to compute the exact probability that a pattern q is a subsequence of an uncertain sequence s , and this approach can be further applied to substring matching for uncertain sequences. The efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithm have been verified through extensive experiments on both real and synthetic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapies targeting specific tumor pathways are easy to enter the clinic. To monitor molecular changes, cellular processes, and tumor microenvironment, molecular imaging is becoming the key technology for personalized medicine because of its high efficacy and low side effects. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its theranostic radioiodine has been widely used to diagnose or treat differentiated thyroid cancer. This article summarizes recent development of molecular imaging in thyroid cancer, which may accelerate the development of personalized thyroid cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cold-start problem has been of great concern in the recommendation domain. To address this problem, meta-learning frameworks have been widely adopted due to their fast adaptation to new tasks. However, existing meta-learning-based methods always use higher-order graph structures to obtain global user preferences but neglect to consider local preferences at different rating levels in a fine-grained manner. Since differences in user ratings on items truly reflect differences in users' local preferences, we propose a relation-propagation meta-learning on explicit preference graph for cold-start recommendation (RPMLG-Rec) to improve the generalization performance of existing meta-learning-based methods. Specifically, we focus on capturing the relationships between local preferences. First, our RPMLG-Rec approach concatenates different local preferences to form the nodes of local user preference and further constructs an explicit preference graph. Second, the relationships between local preferences, including intraclass commonality and interclass uniqueness, are used to guide the propagation of relationships in the explicit preference graph with graph convolutional networks and produce more distinguishable local preference nodes. Third, the precise global user preference is obtained with an attention mechanism. Finally, prior knowledge is learned based on a set of training tasks and quickly adapted to make recommendations for new tasks, following the optimization-based meta-learning training strategy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the relationships between local user preference nodes have been explicitly considered in cold-start recommendation. In addition, we conducted extensive experiments on two real-world datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a major cause of heart failure, and there is no effective approach for its prevention or treatment. The Trim family is a recently identified family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that regulate cardiac hypertrophy. Trim65, which is a member of the Trim family, previous studies have not determined whether Trim65 affects cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, the effects of Trim65 on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. In contrast to C57BL/6 mice, Trim65-knockout (Trim65-KO) mice developed more severe myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction after being intraperitoneally injected with ISO for 2 weeks. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the autophagic flux was inhibited, mitochondria were swollen, and mitochondrial cristae were lost or decreased in the myocardium of Trim65-KO mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that overexpression of Trim65 inhibited ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by increasing mitochondrial density and membrane potential, and the Stat1 inhibitor fludarabine attenuated the effect of Trim65 knockdown on ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by reducing Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing the mitochondrial density and membrane potential. Our findings provide the first link between Trim65 and mitochondria, and we found for the first time that Trim65 inhibits mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and autophagy via the Jak1/Stat1 signalling pathway, ultimately attenuating ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy; this effect of Trim65 might be mediated via the regulation of Jak1 ubiquitination. Taking these findings together, we suggest that genes that are related to mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and that are associated with Trim65 could be promising therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian Americans are one of the fastest growing minority groups in the United States; however, mental health within this population segment, particularly anxiety disorders, remains significantly understudied. Both the heterogeneity within the Asian American population and the multidimensional nature of anxiety contribute to difficulties in understanding anxiety in this population. The present paper reviewed two sources of heterogeneity within anxiety in Asian Americans: (1) cultural variables and (2) mechanisms or components of anxiety. Specifically, we examined four cultural variables most commonly found in research related to anxiety in Asian Americans: acculturation, loss of face, affect valuation, and individualism-collectivism. We also discussed ways to parse anxiety through a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, specifically focusing on sensitivity to acute and potential threat, constructs within the Negative Valence System. Previously unpublished preliminary data were presented to illustrate one way of examining ethnic differences in anxiety using an RDoC framework. Finally, this paper offered recommendations for future work in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, review-based methods have been widely used to learn user representations because reviews contain abundant information. However, few users would like to write reviews for items. The data sparsity problem in reviews has become an emerging challenge in the field. Meanwhile, other approaches resort to social information based on graph neural networks (GNNs) to augment user representation. However, the efficacy of these approaches is always jeopardized because social graphs are not available in most real-world scenarios. Therefore, we propose a new Enhancing Review-based User Representation Model on Learned Social Graph for Recommendation, named ERUR. Specifically, we first introduce a review encoder to model review-based user/item representations. Second, we design a graph learning network to learn social relations between users according to the review-based user representation. Third, a graph neural network is developed to augment the final user representation under the supervision of a generative adversarial network. It integrates user reviews and social relations to enrich the final user representation for recommendation and further alleviate the data sparsity problem in reviews. Finally, we conduct experiments on seven datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ERUR model in user representation learning compared to the SOTA recommendation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in interactive recommender systems (IRS) have received wide attention due to its flexible recommendation strategy and optimization for users' long-term utility. Considering this interaction paradigm of IRS, researchers have made some attempts to incorporate reinforcement learning (RL) models into IRS, because of the excellent ability of RL in long-term optimizing and decision making. However, data sparsity is an intractable problem most IRS urgently need to address. Although a small amount of work has exploited reviews to address data sparsity, they ignored the varying importance of items for modeling the user. In addition, most existing RL-based approaches suffer from decision-making difficulties when the action space becomes large. To solve above problems, in this work, we present a Review-enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning model (REDRL) for interactive recommendation. Specifically, we utilize text reviews, combined with a pretrained review representation model to acquire item review-enhanced embedding representations. Then we formalize the recommendation problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), and exploit deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to model the interactive recommendation. Notably, we introduce a multi-head self-attention technique to capture distinct importance of various items in the sequence behavior, which is overlooked by existing work when modeling the user preference. In this way, we can model long-term dynamic preferences of users accurately and discriminately for comprehensive interactive recommendation. Moreover, we subtly combine the semantic structure information in the user–item bipartite graph with meta-paths in heterogeneous information networks (HIN), to filter some irrelevant items and obtain candidate items dynamically. By this means, the size of the discrete action space is effectively reduced from a new anger. The experimental results based on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the efficiency of our method with significant improvement over state-of-the-art. • Mining information in reviews and interaction data via the pretrained model. • Modeling long-term dynamic preferences of users accurately and discriminately. • Filtering irrelevant items and getting candidate items dynamically from a new anger. • Better interactive recommendation based on deep reinforcement learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality traits relate to risk for psychopathology and can inform predictions about treatment outcome. In an effort to obtain a comprehensive index of personality, informant reports of personality are sometimes obtained in addition to self-reports of personality. However, there is limited research comparing the validity of self- and informant reports of personality, particularly among those with internalizing psychopathology. This is important given that informants may provide an additional (and perhaps different) perspective on individuals' personality. The present study therefore compared how both reports of positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA) relate to psychophysiological and subjective measures of emotional responding to positive and negative stimuli. Given that our sample ( n = 117) included individuals with no history of psychopathology, as well as individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and/or panic disorder (PD), we were also able to explore whether these internalizing diagnoses moderated the association between personality reports and measures of emotional responding. Informant-reported PA predicted physiological responses to positive stimuli (but not negative). Informant-reported NA predicted physiological responses to negative stimuli (but not positive). Self-reported personality did not predict physiological responding, but did predict subjectively measured emotional responding (NA for negative responding, PA for positive responding). Diagnoses of internalizing psychopathology (PD or MDD) did not moderate these associations. Results suggest self- and informant reports of personality may each provide valid indices of an individual's emotional response tendencies, but predict different aspects of those tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined whether intolerance of uncertainty (IU) was associated with the startle reflex in anticipation of unpredictable threat, and whether IU mediated the relationship between panic and sensitivity to unpredictable threat. This was tested in separate samples of 86 undergraduates with varying panic symptoms and 148 adults with current panic disorder or no lifetime history of an anxiety disorder. Participants completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, which measures cognitive distress (prospective IU) and behavioral inhibition (inhibitory IU) elicited by uncertainty, and a no, predictable, and unpredictable threat-of-shock startle paradigm. In both samples prospective IU was associated with heightened startle during the unpredictable (but not predictable) condition, and in the clinical sample inhibitory IU was associated with attenuated startle during the unpredictable condition. IU mediated the relationship between panic and startle to unpredictable threat. These results support IU as a potential mechanism linking panic and sensitivity to unpredictable threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasma membrane remains a major barrier for intracellular drug delivery, to overcome this issue, a variety of approaches have been developed and used to deliver therapeutic cargos. Among these approaches, cell penetrating peptide (CPP) is promising and affords widely used vector for efficient intracellular delivery of cargos. Moreover, the latter findings including iPS reprogramming and direct transdifferentiation as well as gene editing have gradually become hot research topic; because their application in tissue engineering and disease modeling have great potential to advance innovation in precision medicine. Since the beginning, research on these approaches is mainly based on virus transduction system, while, under the consideration for obviating the risk of mutagenic insertion and enables more accurate controlling, CPP-based efficient virus-free delivery strategy has been used recently. In this review, we summarize the existing CPP-based delivery system, emerging landscape of CPP application in stem cell manipulation and reprogramming, along with CPP contributions to gene editing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of biomarkers of vulnerability for Major Depressive Disorder is a high priority, but heterogeneity of the diagnosis can hinder research. Biomarkers of vulnerability should also be present in the absence of the diagnosis. The present study examined the magnitude of the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential component following errors in a sample with remitted melancholic depression ( N = 17), remitted non-melancholic depression ( N = 33), and healthy controls ( N = 55). Remitted melancholic depression was uniquely characterized by a blunted ERN relative to the other two groups. Individuals with remitted non-melancholic depression did not differ from controls in the magnitude of the ERN. This was the case despite the fact that the melancholic and non-melancholic groups did not differ in course or severity of their past illnesses, or in their current functioning. Results suggest that the blunted ERN may be a viable vulnerability marker for melancholia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heightened sensitivity to threat is a characteristic feature of panic disorder (PD). It is also a factor that is considered to be central to PD but not major depressive disorder (MDD) — a related disorder that commonly co-occurs with PD. However, sensitivity to threat is a broad construct and it is unclear whether individuals with PD exhibit heightened initial threat reactivity, impairments in modulating their threat responding over time, or both. It is also unclear how these different facets of threat responding apply to predictable and/or unpredictable threat. The aim of the current study was to examine whether there are differences in initial threat reactivity and the time course of threat responding during predictable and unpredictable threat-of-shock in 186 adults with: 1) current PD and no history of depression (i.e., PD-only), 2) current MDD and no history of an anxiety disorder (i.e., MDD-only), 3) current comorbid PD and MDD, or 4) no lifetime history of psychopathology (i.e., controls). Threat responding was assessed using an electromyography startle paradigm. Relative to controls, individuals in the three psychopathology groups exhibited heightened initial threat reactivity to predictable and unpredictable threat and did not differ from each other. Multilevel mixed model analyses indicated that those with PD evidenced less of a decline over time in startle responding during unpredictable threat relative to those without PD. Those with MDD displayed a greater slope of decline in startle responding during predictable threat compared with those without MDD. The pattern of results suggests that there may be conceptual differences between measures of initial threat reactivity and time course of threat responding. Moreover, time course of threat responding, not initial threat reactivity, may differentiate PD from MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research indicates that increased risk-taking propensity (RTP) is associated with higher alcohol use. There is also some evidence to suggest that it is not just a state factor or ‘scar,’ but instead a vulnerability factor. If this is the case, increased RTP should be evident in healthy individuals that are at risk for alcohol use. To date, few studies have examined whether RTP is a familial vulnerability factor and thus, the aim of the current study was to test whether RTP aggregates within families and if increased RTP is evident in biological family members at risk for alcohol use. Sample 1 included 87 biological, adult sibling pairs and Sample 2 included 111 biological mother and adolescent dyads (total N = 396). All participants completed a behavioral measure of RTP and were assessed for alcohol use. Results in both samples were strikingly consistent. In Sample 1, RTP was correlated among siblings and greater frequency of proband alcohol use predicted greater sibling RTP, over and above sibling alcohol use. In Sample 2, RTP was correlated among mothers and their offspring and greater maternal alcohol use problems predicted greater adolescent RTP over and above adolescent substance use. Together, these findings suggest that RTP may be a familial vulnerability factor for alcohol use as it aggregates within families and is increased in relatives of individuals with higher levels of alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate an approach to measuring harmful gases by enhanced Fano resonance generated in a universal multimode waveguide-microcavity model. Dynamic Fano resonance is theoretically described and experimentally proved to be associated with the phase shift between two waveguide modes as well as their amplitude ratio and coupling coefficient. The spectra can be engineered to form a Lorentz dip, various Fano lineshape, and Lorentz peak by controlling the coupling point in both microbottle and surface nanoscale axial photonics platforms. In principle, the model can be applied to any class of whispering gallery mode microcavity device. With sharp asymmetric lineshape, our model can improve the sensitivity by 51.5 times in theory when measuring the harmful gas refractive index change, which may open up opportunities for advancements in the harmful gas leakage detection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermolecular and intramolecularhydrogen bond (H-bond) and protontransport in acid–base complexes and amphoteric molecules consistingof phosphonic acid groups and nitrogenous heterocyclic rings are investigatedby density functional theory calculations and 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. It is concluded that a phosphonic acidgroup can act both as H-bond donor and H-bond acceptor, while an iminenitrogen atom can only act as H-bond acceptor and an amine group asH-bond donor. And the intramolecular H-bond is weaker than the intermolecularH-bond attributing to configurational restriction. In addition, thestrongest H-bond interaction is observed between a phosphonic acidand a 1H-indazole because of the formation of doubleH-bonds. The 1H NMR and 31P NMR chemical shiftsfor the acid–base complexes are consistent with the densityfunctional theory calculations. From the 1H NMR chemicalshifts, fast proton exchange is observed between a phosphonic acidand 1H-benzimidazole or 1H-indazole.Finally, it is proposed that polymeric material tethered with 1H-benzimidazole or 1H-indazole rings isa favorable component for high-temperature proton exchange membranesbased on acid–base complexes or acid–base amphotericmolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although liver toxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has been demonstrated, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of multiple genes working together underlying this type of liver injury in mice. In this study, we used the whole-genome microarray analysis technique to determine the gene expression profile in the livers of mice exposed to 10 mg/kg body weight TiO2 NPs for 90 days. The findings showed that long-term exposure to TiO2 NPs resulted in obvious titanium accumulation in the liver and TiO2 NP aggregation in hepatocyte nuclei, an inflammatory response, hepatocyte apoptosis, and liver dysfunction. Furthermore, microarray data showed striking changes in the expression of 785 genes related to the immune/inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress, the metabolic process, response to stress, cell cycle, ion transport, signal transduction, cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, and cell differentiation in TiO2 NP–exposed livers. In particular, a significant reduction in complement factor D (Cfd) expression following long-term exposure to TiO2 NPs resulted in autoimmune and inflammatory disease states in mice. Therefore, Cfd may be a potential biomarker of liver toxicity caused by TiO2 NPs exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of a novel electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with sandwiched structure and air channel. It mainly consists of a top coil, a bottom coil, an NdFeB permanent magnet and a nickel planar spring integrated with silicon frame. The prototype is fabricated mainly using silicon micromachining and microelectroplating techniques. The tested natural frequency of the magnet–spring system is 228.2Hz. The comparison between the simulation and the tested results of the natural frequency shows that the Young''s modulus of microelectroplated Ni film is about 163GPa rather than 210GPa of bulk Ni material. Experimental results indicate that the sandwiched structure and the air channel in the silicon frame of the prototype can make the induced voltage increase to 42%. The resonant frequency of the prototype at 8m/s2 acceleration is 280.1Hz, which results from the nonlinear behavior of the magnet–spring system. The load voltage generated by the prototype is 162.5mV when the prototype is at resonance and the input vibration acceleration is 8m/s2 and the maximal load power obtained is about 21.2μW when the load resistance is 81Ω. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Previous researches approved that photocatalysis activity of nano-TiO2 could obviously increase photosynthetic effects of spinach, but the mechanism of improving light energy transfer and conversion is still unclear. In the present we investigated effects of nano-anatase TiO2 on the spectral responses and photochemical activities of D1/D2/Cyt b559 complex of spinach. Several effects of nano-anatase TiO2 were observed: (1) UV–vis spectrum was blue shifted in both Soret and Q bands, and the absorption intensity was obviously increased; (2) resonance Raman spectrum showed four main peaks, which are ascribed to carotene, and the Raman peak intensity was as 6.98 times as that of the control; (3) the fluorescence emission peak was blue shifted and the intensity was decreased by 23.59%; (4) the DCPIP photoreduction activity showed 129.24% enhancement; (5) the oxygen-evolving rate of PS II was elevated by 51.89%. Taken together, the studies of the experiments showed that nano-anatase TiO2 had bound to D1/D2/Cyt b559 complex, promoted the spectral responses, leading to the improvement of primary electron separation, electron transfer and light energy conversion of D1/D2/Cyt b559 complex. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In various recommender systems, ratings and reviews are the main information to show user preferences. However, recommendation models that only use ratings, such as collaborative filtering, are vulnerable to data sparsity. And models only using review information will also suffer from the sparsity of reviews. On one hand, most ratings and reviews are interrelated and complementary, reviews may explain why a user gives a high or low rating to an item. On the other hand, ratings and reviews are numerical and textual information, respectively, and they reflect the preference of the user from a coarse-grained level and a fine-grained level A user may comment positively about some aspects of an item, even he gives a very low score to this item. There are specific information among each of them because of their heterogeneity. Therefore, it is possible to learn more accurate representation of users and items by effectively integrating ratings and text reviews from different views, that is, shared-view and specific-view. In this paper, we propose a Shared-view and Specific-view Information extraction model for Recommendation (SSIR), which integrates the information from reviews and interaction matrix to predict ratings Our model has two key components, including shared-view information extraction and specific-view exploitation. From the perspective of shared-view, SSIR jointly minimizes the loss of confusion adversarial and rating prediction loss to extract the shared information from reviews and user–item interaction matrix. For the specific-view part, SSIR applies orthogonal constraints on shared-view and specific-view modules to extract the discriminative features from reviews and interaction data. We fuse the features extracted from these two views to predict the final ratings. In addition, we use auxiliary reviews to deal with the sparsity problem of reviews. Experimental results on eight datasets show the effectiveness and robustness of our method, which could adapt to the recommendation scenarios with fewer reviews and ratings. • Mining information in reviews and interaction data from shared and specific views. • Utilizing the confusion adversarial loss to extract the shared features. • Enforcing orthogonal constraints to extract the specific features. • Shared-view information and specific-view information are synergized to recommend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To predict and validate the potential mechanism by which Gynura divaricata (GD) functions in the treatment of diabetic foot (DF). Methods: The main chemical constituents of GD were identified by reviewing the literature, the traditional Chinese medicine database platform (TCMIP) and the BATMAN-TCM platform. DF disease targets were identified with the GeneCards database, and the compound-target network was constructed by using the intersection of drugs and disease. The STRING platform was used to construct the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to visualize the results. Moreover, the Metascape database was used for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Molecular docking of the active ingredients of GD and core protein targets of DF was performed using AutoDock software. Finally, the predicted results were preliminarily verified with experiments. Results: A total of 140 potential targets of GD were identified and associated with DF. According to the PPI network analysis, GD accelerated DF wound healing, and the mechanism may be related to proteins such as AKT1, TP53, IL6, CASP3, TNF, and VEGFA. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that GD may play a role in the treatment of diabetic foot by affecting various signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the proteins AKT1, TP53, IL6, CASP3, TNF, and VEGFA were closely associated with the components of GD. The animal experiments showed that GD reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and increased the mRNA and protein expression of VEGFA in rats with DF. Conclusions: GD regulates multiple targets and multiple pathways to promote wound healing in DF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The INO80D protein, a component of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, plays a pivotal role in chromatin remodeling, gene expression, and DNA repair within mammalian sperm. In contrast to the condensed nuclear structure of mammalian sperm, Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, exhibits a distinctively decondensed sperm nucleus. The distribution and function of INO80D during the E. sinensis spermatogenesis were previously enigmatic. Our research endeavored to elucidate the distribution and function of INO80D, thereby enhancing our comprehension of sperm decondensation and the process of spermatogenesis in this species. Employing transcriptome sequencing, RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence techniques, we observed a pronounced upregulation of INO80D in the adult E. sinensis in comparison to the juvenile. The protein predominantly resides in the cellular nucleus, with high levels in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, less in stage I and III spermatids, and lowest in mature sperm. The results indicated that INO80D is initially instrumental in chromatin decondensation to facilitate gene accessibility and DNA repair during the early phases of spermatogenesis. Its role subsequently shifts to maintaining decondensed chromatin stability and genetic integrity during spermiogenesis. The sustained presence of INO80D during spermiogenesis is essential for the ultimate maturation of the decondensed sperm nucleus, imperative for preserving the unique decondensed state and the protection of genetic material in E. sinensis. Our study concludes that INO80D exerts a multifaceted influence on the spermatogenesis of E. sinensis, impacting chromatin decondensation, genetic integrity, and the regulation of early gene expression. This understanding could potentially improve crab breeding in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), as a noninvasive method for molecular structure determination and metabolite detection, has grown into a significant tool in clinical applications. However, the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limits its further development. Although the multichannel coil and repeated sampling are commonly used to alleviate this problem, there is still potential room for promotion. One possible improvement way is combining these two acquisition methods so that the complementary of them can be well utilized. In this paper, a novel coil-combination method, average smoothing singular value decomposition, is proposed to further improve the SNR by introducing repeatedly sampled signals into multichannel coil combination. Specifically, the sensitivity matrix of each sampling was pretreated by whitened singular value decomposition (WSVD), then the smoothing was performed along the repeated samplings' dimension. By comparing with three existing popular methods, Brown, WSVD, and generalized least squares, the proposed method showed better performance in one phantom and 20 in vivo spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Endophenotypes, or intermediate etiological processes, may be potential therapeutic targets. • Examined set-shifting and/or inhibitions deficits as potential endophenotypes for depression. • Set-shifting was familial and impaired in both current and remitted depression. • Set-shifting deficits in remitted depression were not due to comorbid disorders. • Inhibition was familial, but was generally not impaired in current or remitted MDD. The etiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is poorly understood, and identifying endophenotypes, or intermediate processes implicated in pathophysiology, for MDD may inform treatment and identification/prevention efforts. Impaired set-shifting and inhibition are commonly observed in MDD; however, few studies have examined they are endophenotypes for MDD. Thus, the present study tested whether set-shifting and/or inhibition satisfy several endophenotype criteria: specifically, whether they were (1) impaired in current MDD, (2) impaired in remitted MDD, and (3) familial (i.e., correlated within sibling pairs). Set-shifting and inhibition were assessed using subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. Psychopathology was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5. Results indicated set-shifting deficits were familial and present in both current MDD and in remitted MDD individuals who had no current disorders, suggesting they may be state-independent. Inhibition was familial, but was generally not impaired in current nor remitted MDD (although the remitted MDD group with no current disorders exhibited impairments on one of the two inhibition tasks). These findings indicate that impaired set-shifting is a promising endophenotype candidate for MDD. Findings are limited to young adults, and further research is needed to test generalizability to other populations, evaluate longitudinal relationships, and examine other endophenotype criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) is important for college students' choice of career, especially during the current period of global economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the predictive effect of family social class on the CDMSE of college students. Participants were 838 college students from China, who completed measures of subjective socioeconomic status, self-esteem, belief in a just world, and CDMSE. The results show that family social class predicted the CDMSE of college students not only directly, but also indirectly through the separate mediating roles of belief in a just world and self-esteem, and through the chain mediating effect of belief in a just world followed by self-esteem. We have provided empirical evidence that could be useful for college teachers who offer students psychological counseling for their careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of unstable settling of isolation fluid at high temperatures, high-temperature-resistant suspension stabilizers for isolation fluids were prepared. Using the free radical aqueous solution method with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), YX-1 (a monomer containing an amide group) as the main chain of the molecule, and N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and DX-2 (monomer containing hydrophobic groups) as the side chains of the molecule. We innovate the suspension stabilizer synthesis process, the synthesis conditions of the suspension stabilizer were optimized by using the one-factor experimental design and response surface analysis. The elemental composition and structure of the polymer suspension stabilizers were tested and analyzed by using X-ray spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (H NMR). The hydrophobic aggregation behaviour of the polymer molecular chains was demonstrated from a microscopic point of view using fluorescence spectroscopy tests and size analysis of polymer molecular aggregates. Oscillation experiments on the isolation solution with suspension stabiliser showed that the hydrophobic groups contained in the polymers can undergo the effect of joining and bridging, and can also form a strong spatial network structure at 220°C, leading to the enhanced elasticity of the isolation fluid, which helps to alleviate the sedimentation of barite. Sedimentation stability and compatibility were evaluated for the isolation fluid containing suspension stabilizers. It was found that the isolation solution suspension performance is good under the condition of 90–220℃, its density difference is less than 0.10 g/cm3. It can also effectively prevent the contact contamination of the drilling fluid cement slurry, which is conducive to the improvement of the quality of the deep well cementing. [Display omitted] • Characterisation of suspensions from macro and micro perspectives. • Suspension stabilisers prevent particle settling in isolation fluids. • Isolation fluid effectively prevents contact contamination of cement slurry and drilling fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of unstable settling of isolation fluid at high temperatures, high-temperature-resistant suspension stabilizers for isolation fluids were prepared. Using the free radical aqueous solution method with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), YX-1 (a monomer containing an amide group) as the main chain of the molecule, and N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and DX-2 (monomer containing hydrophobic groups) as the side chains of the molecule. We innovate the suspension stabilizer synthesis process, the synthesis conditions of the suspension stabilizer were optimized by using the one-factor experimental design and response surface analysis. The elemental composition and structure of the polymer suspension stabilizers were tested and analyzed by using X-ray spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (H NMR). The hydrophobic aggregation behaviour of the polymer molecular chains was demonstrated from a microscopic point of view using fluorescence spectroscopy tests and size analysis of polymer molecular aggregates. Oscillation experiments on the isolation solution with suspension stabiliser showed that the hydrophobic groups contained in the polymers can undergo the effect of joining and bridging, and can also form a strong spatial network structure at 220°C, leading to the enhanced elasticity of the isolation fluid, which helps to alleviate the sedimentation of barite. Sedimentation stability and compatibility were evaluated for the isolation fluid containing suspension stabilizers. It was found that the isolation solution suspension performance is good under the condition of 90–220℃, its density difference is less than 0.10 g/cm3. It can also effectively prevent the contact contamination of the drilling fluid cement slurry, which is conducive to the improvement of the quality of the deep well cementing. [Display omitted] • Characterisation of suspensions from macro and micro perspectives. • Suspension stabilisers prevent particle settling in isolation fluids. • Isolation fluid effectively prevents contact contamination of cement slurry and drilling fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the Ca(OH) 2 –Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –H 2 O hydroceramic system (with and without Al 2 O 3) as a potential well cementing material was investigated from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. To simulate the harsh conditions typical of deep wells, marked by high temperature and pressure, the material was cured at 240 °C and 50 MPa. Several hydroceramic systems with varying compositions were designed and a retarder was used to optimize the thickening time of all systems. Finally, the optimized hydroceramic systems were cured for different periods ranging from 2 to 90 days to investigate their long-term stabilities. It is found that the raw materials with finer particle sizes and higher reactivity (such as silica fume and nano-activated alumina) could improve the performance of the hydroceramic system, evidenced by increased compressive strengths and decreased permeability. Changing the Ca/Si molar ratio within the range from 2:1 to 1:1 had little effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the hydroceramic system, despite significant variations in the composition of hydration products. The hydroceramic systems exhibited good stability over a curing period from 2 to 30 days, but strength retrogression phenomenon was observed during longer curing periods from 30 to 90 days. Microscopic evaluations revealed that the strength retrogression could be due to the formation of reyerite in high calcium systems, while it was the conversion of amorphous C–S–H to xonotlite that led to the strength retrogression in low calcium systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• HNT was used to reinforce mechanical properties of oil well cement. • Effects of HNT on hydration products of oil well cements were discussed. • Cross-linking and more dense micro-structure could be observed in oil well cement with HNT • HNT improved the pore structure and decreased the gas permeability of cement. Excellent physical and chemical properties of halloysite nanotube make it potential to reinforce cement composites. In this study, effects of halloysite nanotube on mechanical properties of oil well cement were investigated. The results showed that the compressive and flexural strength of cement with 3% halloysite nanotube was increased by 40.8% and 49.2%, respectively and the elasticity modulus decreased by 20.01% after curing for 28 days, which demonstrated that halloysite nanotube cement had high strength and good toughness. TG-DTA, SEM, XRD, MIP tests were carried out to study the hydration products and microstructure changes in cement samples after adding halloysite nanotube. Optimized hydration products, lower permeability up to 38.82%, cross-linking and denser microstructure all contributed to excellent mechanical properties of oil well cement with halloysite nanotube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metrology method of x-ray optical elements based on an electromagnetic phase stepping x-ray grating interferometer with high slope accuracy is presented in this study. The device consists of an x-ray tube, a phase grating G 1 for modulating the incoming wavefront, and an absorption grating G 2 as a transmission mask to produce a broader moiré pattern for the x-ray camera. The focal spot of the microfocus x-ray source is shifted by a magnetic field from a solenoid coil. Electromagnetic phase stepping analysis is used to obtain a pixel-wise map of the wavefront phase distortion to replace the traditional precision mechanical scanning system, improving stability, speed, accuracy, and flexibility. The x-ray grating interferometer can be used as a feedback tool for evaluating the quality of optical elements and detecting defects caused by the x-ray beam or the x-ray optical elements in ordinary laboratories and mirror-processing centers without the need of scheduling synchrotron beam time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review used traditional and network meta-analyses (NMA) to conduct a comprehensive study of antithrombotic therapies in children with thromboembolic disease. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from their inception to 26 February, 2023. And we finally included 16 randomized controlled trials. In the prevention of thromboembolic events (TEs), the use of anticoagulants had a low risk of TEs (relative risk (RR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.94) and a high risk of minor bleeding (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.86) compared with no anticoagulants. In the treatment of TEs, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were not inferior to standard anticoagulation in terms of efficacy and safety outcomes. In NMA, rivaroxaban and apixaban showed the lowest risk for TEs and major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. According to the overall assessment of efficacy and safety, dabigatran may be the best choice for children with thromboembolic disease. The results of our study will provide references and suggestions for clinical drug selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]