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The timing of the amalgamation of the Xing'an and Songliao–Xilinhot blocks in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt has long been the subject of debate. To explore this question, we studied a suite of late Carboniferous mafic to felsic intrusive rocks in the central Great Xing'an Range, NE China. These rocks yielded late Carboniferous zircon U–Pb isotopic ages of 320–300 Ma. The felsic monzogranites and granodiorites are strongly peraluminous with high A/CNK ratios (≥ 1.1), and they have signatures transitional between I- and S-type granites. Their geochemical characteristics suggest a magmatic source in a heterogeneous juvenile crust that included both clay-rich pelitic material and metabasalt. On the other hand, the intermediate biotite granodiorites have characteristics that suggest a dual magmatic source involving both mantle material and crustal contributions. The mafic gabbros were derived from the partial melting of mantle materials including both spinel and garnet lherzolite. The upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle contributed greatly to the formation of these magmas, with the upwelling as a result of the delamination of dense lithosphere and/or previously trapped mafic slabs. The petrology, geochemical signatures, field characteristics, and rock associations of the late Carboniferous mafic to felsic intrusive rocks imply that they formed in a post-collisional extensional tectonic setting that developed after the amalgamation of the Xing'an and Songliao–Xilinhot blocks and closure of the Nenjiang Ocean between them. Considering that the tectonic setting during the early Carboniferous was one of regional subduction, our data constrain the amalgamation of the Xing'an and Songliao–Xilinhot blocks and the closure of the Nenjiang Ocean to the early late Carboniferous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hegenshan–Heihe Suture (HHS) is an important suture zone between the Xing'an and Songliao–Xilinhot blocks in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Many studies have examined the northern and southern parts of this suture zone, but the middle segment remains under-researched and controversial. This paper presents new research into Permian felsic rocks along the middle segment of the HHS, including alkaline granites, rhyolites, and granodiorites. Zircon U–Pb dating of these rocks yielded precise Permian ages of 300.4 ± 2.5, 292.8 ± 2.7, and 293.1 ± 2.2 Ma. The alkaline granites and the rhyolites are A-type rocks that were derived from lower crustal protoliths, with the melting of these protoliths caused by asthenospheric upwelling associated with lithospheric delamination. In comparison, the granodiorites are I-type granites were generated from a mantle-derived magmatic source. The petrogenesis of these granites also involved the assimilation of sedimentary rocks and fractional crystallization. This Permian magmatism occurred during post-collisional extension following the amalgamation of the Xing'an and Songliao–Xilinhot blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Xinlin ophiolite, located in the Great Xing'an Range domain of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is considered to represent a fragment of an oceanic plate. The ophiolite consists of several discontinuous blocks composed dominantly of serpentinized ultramafic rocks with subordinate cumulate gabbros, basalts, and diabase dikes, which are intruded by younger leucogranite dikes. Here we characterize the geochemical features and formation age of the ophiolite. The ultramafic rocks are dominated by harzburgite with minor dunite, and are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), consistent with remnants of oceanic mantle. The mafic rocks show depletion in some high-field-strength elements (HFSEs) and have relatively low TiO 2 and MgO contents, and likely originated from an E-MORB-like source in a back-arc setting. This suggests that the ophiolite is of supra-subduction zone (SSZ) origin. The cross-cutting leucogranite dikes, most of which are trondhjemitic, have high Al 2 O 3 contents, low K 2 O/Na 2 O ratios, and negative zircon ε Hf (t) values (-8.5 to -3.8; average = -5.8), which are features distinct to other granites (e.g., fractionation-, shear-, and subduction-types) within the ophiolite and to coeval granitoids in the northern Great Xing'an Range. Zircon U-Pb dating on samples of gabbro and a leucogranite dike yielded ages of ca. 480 and 324 ± 1 Ma, respectively, suggesting that the ophiolite formed in the Early Ordovician and was emplaced at ca. 320 Ma. Together with the ages of ca. 480 Ma for the Duobaoshan arc and ca. 340 Ma for subduction-related high-Mg diorites, we suggest that ophiolite formation was probably related to the opening of an Ordovician back-arc basin, whereas formation of the younger leucogranite dikes was probably related to closure of the back-arc basin. Highlights • The reliable zircon (~480 Ma) of the Xinlin ophiolite is reported. • The ophiolite was tectonically emplaced at ca. 320 Ma. • The ophiolite formed in a back-arc basin rather than in a MOR-setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of the published experimental data of partially melted amphibolite, orthogneiss, granite and aplite reveals the existence of three rapid strength drops of the rock-assemblage at melt fraction around 7%, 21% and 41% respectively. The first and the last drops are equivalent to the well-known ‘melt connectivity transition’ (MCT) and ‘solid to liquid transition’ (SLT). The drop at melt fraction around 21% is newly identified and termed as the ‘framework-melting transition’ (FMT). The FMT is defined as the transition from eutectic quartz-feldspars melting to refractory biotite melting. The three rheological transitions are well constrained by the geological data from the Fuhu profile in Guangdong Province, SE China. This profile is a 15 m high cliff. Rocks exposed on the profile are zoned as mottled, stripped, narrow-banded and wide-banded migmatites and diatexitic granite from the top of the profile downwards. The leucosome proportions of the zones measured on the outcrops combined with the experimental data of the partially melted rocks have significant implications for understanding the role of rheological transitions during crustal melting. The MCT, which corresponds to the boundary between the mottled and the narrow-banded migmatites, suggests the segregation of melt within the partially melted system along with the compaction of matrix. Thus, the MCT is deemed to be the transition of the partially melted system from matrix-supported (melt stored in pore-space) to framework-supported (melt stored in foliation/bedding-space of protolith). The FMT corresponding to the boundary between the narrow- and the wide-banded migmatites denotes the inception of melting of the solid framework. Mechanically, the FMT can be regarded as the transition of the framework from compaction to fusion, and geochemically, the transition from eutectic melting of quartz-feldspars to that of refractory biotite. The increasing melt due to framework-melting after the FMT is basically limited within the solid framework until the melt fraction exceeding the SLT. The SLT is geologically constrained by the in-situ metatexite-diatexite transition that is also termed as Magma Interface (MI). The SLT (MI) represents the upper limit of a crustal magma layer. Because of the downward increasing temperature and melt fraction, there should be no consecutive layer of felsic rock existed in the space between the SLT (MI) and the mafic lower crust except the isolated rock-blocks within the magma layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The North China Craton is one of the major Archean to Paleoproterozoic cratons in the world and oldest craton in China, which preserves a large amount of ancient basement and abundant structures showing the early earth tectonics. The controversy over the Archean tectonic regimes has lasted several decades centering around horizontal and vertical tectonics, the two classical tectonic models for Archean times. Thus, more studies of the early crustal growth and tectonic evolution are requisite for better understanding geodynamic regimes in the early Precambrian. This study provides an example for revealing of Archean tectonics. The NWN-trending, ENE-dipping Baijiafen ductile shear zone is located in the eastern Anshan of the northeastern North China Craton and mainly comprises two types of gneisses, including the Chentaigou porphyritic granitic gneiss and the Baijiafen trondhjemitic gneiss. In this study, we have carried out a detailed study on the macrostructure, microstructure and fabric characteristics of the two main types of deformed gneisses within the shear zone. The ribbon structures formed by intensely elongated quartz grains are widespread in these gneisses. Well-developed mineral stretching lineations and asymmetric fabrics indicate an ESE-directed downward shearing. The quartz c-axis fabric patterns obtained by electron backscatter diffraction technique imply low to middle temperature non-coaxial deformation with active rhomb 〈a〉 slip and basal 〈a〉 slip. Deformation behaviors of minerals and quartz crystallographic preferred orientations demonstrate that the rocks underwent mylonitization at a temperature of 400–500 °C under greenschist facies metamorphic conditions. Dislocation creep is the main rock deformation mechanism within the shear zone. Finite strain measurement results suggest that the strain types of the shear zone are generally related to elongate-plane deformation, and the tectonites change from L-S- to LS-type across the shear zone. The strain intensity increases obviously towards east, and the Baijiafen gneiss unit is located within the high-strain zone. Kinematic vorticity values of gneisses indicate that the deformed rocks were produced by steady-state simple-shear dominated general shear. Based on abundant structural evidence and previous studies, we infer that the deformation of the Baijiafen ductile shear zone may have resulted from the downward adjoining rock flow during the sagduction of the banded iron formations and synchronous Archean granite dome emplacement, supporting a vertical tectonic regime in Archean times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of heterocycle-fused 1,2,3-triazoles were easily prepared by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of heterocyclic ketene aminals or N,O-acetals with sodium azide and polyhalo isophthalonitriles in a one-pot reaction at room temperature without a catalyst and evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumour cell lines. 1,3-Oxazoheterocycle fused 1,2,3-triazoles were more potent against the tumour cell lines Skov-3, HL-60, A431, A549 and HepG-2 than 1,3-diazoheterocycle fused 1,2,3-triazoles. 4-Methoxyphenyl substituted 1,3-oxazoheterocycle fused 1,2,3-triazole 6j was found to be the most potent derivative with IC50 values lower than 1.9μg/mL against A431 and K562 human tumour cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: 40Ar/39Ar dating studies have been carried out along the Dangjin Pass transect across the Altyn Strike-Slip Fault (ASSF). The samples gave ages of 445.2–454.3Ma in the Northern Belt, 164.3–178.4Ma in the Mesozoic Shear Zone and 26.3–36.4Ma in the Cenozoic Shear Zone. Using the piercing point of the Bashikaogong Fault and the Cangma-Heihe Fault an offset of 350–400km along the ASSF has been estimated. The 40Ar/39Ar dating of the syntectonic-growth or syntectonic-resetting minerals from the samples within the ASSF belt, and offset estimations from different age piercing points suggest that the ASSF should be initiated in the Middle Jurassic (178.4–160Ma). Combined with previously reported ages, our studies show that the ASSF is characterized by multi-phase re-activation during 85–100, 25-40 and 8–10Ma following its initiation in the Middle Jurassic in the regional tectonic setting of convergence between the Indian and Eurasian continents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Kaiyuan tectonic mélange makes up the western part of the Kaiyuan–Yanji Accretionary Complex Belt, NE China, and there has been a long‐standing controversy about its age and tectonic setting. In this paper, we present new zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical data for the mafic rocks of the Lujiapuzi Formation in the Kaiyuan tectonic mélange, and these data provide insights into the tectonic setting during the late Paleozoic and the evolutionary history of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircons from samples of albite–actinolite schist and amphibolite yielded a crystallization age of 258 ± 5.5 Ma for the protoliths, suggesting that the protoliths formed during the late Permian. The albite–actinolite schists and amphibolites have similar geochemical characteristics, and they represent metamorphosed basaltic volcanic rocks. Major, rare earth and trace element data show that the mafic rocks have a close affinity with mid‐ocean ridge basalt. REE petrogenetic modelling indicates that the primary magma was generated through the partial melting of a mixed garnet‐ and spinel‐bearing mantle source, and assimilated crustal material and underwent crystal fractionation during ascent. The geochemical features and inherited/xenocrystic zircons in the mafic samples indicate that they formed in a tectonic setting similar to the back‐arc basin. These new findings, together with other previously published data, indicate that the Paleo‐Asian Ocean still existed in the eastern segment of the CAOB during the late Permian to Early Triassic. The Kaiyuan tectonic mélange formed during the Middle Triassic, and its formation may represent the timing of final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Heihe–Nenjiang–Hegenshan suture zone has long been accepted as the major tectonic boundary between the Xing'an and Songliao blocks and extends through the Great Xing'an Range in NE China, but its location of the northern segment between the Moguqi and Nenjiang areas and its timing remain unclear. We address these issues by presenting zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb ages, Lu‐Hf isotopes, bulk‐rock major, and trace elemental data for mylonitized rhyolites collected from the Moergenhe Formation in the Nenjiang area and for gabbros of the Moguqi area, respectively. The mylonitized rhyolites, which display an arc‐related geochemical affinity with enrichment in Th and U, and depletion of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and gently right‐tilted rare earth element (REE) patterns (light REE [LREE]/heavy REE [HREE] =4.53–7.60), as well as the εHf (t) values (+6.4 to +11.8) of analyzed zircons, indicate an origin by partial melting of potentially young lower continental crust of a subducting slab. The zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb data show the formation age of the mylonitized rhyolites is 352.4 Ma. The analyzed gabbros with an emplacement age of 352.6 Ma have high concentrations of Th and U, slightly enriched LREE patterns and relative low LREE/HREE ratios (4.3 to 4.6). These features, together with their high positive εHf (t) values (+7.7 to +15.2), suggest that they were likely derived from the partial melting of a depleted mantle source that was metasomatized by subduction‐related fluids. Combined with the geochemical features of the coeval igneous rocks from the northern Great Xing'an Range, these results reveal that the existence of an early Carboniferous NE‐trending magmatic arc (ca. 350–330 Ma), extending along the west of the Heihe–Nenjiang–Hegenshan suture zone, gives more constraints on the amalgamation of the Xing'an and Songliao blocks along the Nenjiang–Moguqi areas and indicates that the amalgamation should have terminated by at least the end of the early Carboniferous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces have become an increasingly hot topic in the area of aluminum alloy protection. However, it remains a significant challenge to construct superhydrophobic coatings with reliable durability and multifunction through simple and economical strategies. In this study, we designed a novel superhydrophobic coating with a water contact angle of ∼165.0° and a sliding angle of ∼2.4° on Al alloys by spraying hydrophobically modified natural palygorskite (SH-PAL) on the pre-cured epoxy resin (EP). The resulting superhydrophobic coating (EP@SH-PAL) exhibits good mechanical resistance, UV resistance, hot water repellency, chemical stability, thermal stability, and self-healing capabilities against plasma etching. Corrosion tests reveal that the protection efficiency of the EP@SH-PAL sample is up to 99.98 %, which remains at a high value of 90.30 % even after 20 days of immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl. This improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the synergistic physical shielding from the SH-PAL topcoat and the EP primer. Meanwhile, molecular dynamics simulations of the mechanical durability and corrosion resistance of the EP@SH-PAL coating were performed to support the experimental results at the microscopic level. In addition, the above-prepared superhydrophobic coating also demonstrates excellent self-cleaning and antifouling characteristics. This research will provide a new method for fabricating low-cost, multifunctional, superhydrophobic anticorrosion coatings on aluminum alloys and other metal substrates. • A robust and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating was prepared by spraying SH-PAL on the pre-cured epoxy resin. • The EP@SH-PAL coating exhibits good durability against mechanical damage and chemical attack. • The EP@SH-PAL coating shows improved anti-corrosion performance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. • Theoretical calculations were performed to support experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have undertaken major and trace element analyses of volcanic rocks in Northeast China, as well as U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of their zircons, in order to determine the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the volcanics. Mesozoic volcanism in the southern Manzhouli area occurred in two stages: Middle to Late Jurassic (164–147 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (142–123 Ma). The first stage is represented by the Tamulangou, Jixiangfeng, and Qiyimuchang formations. The Jixiangfeng Formation (162–156 Ma) is a rhyolite–trachyte dominated unit that lies between two basalt units, namely the underlying Tamulangou (164–160 Ma) and overlying Qiyimuchang (151–147 Ma) formations. The second igneous stage is dominated by rhyolitic lavas and tuffs of the Shangkuli Formation and basaltic rocks of the Yiliekede Formation, and they yield zircon U–Pb ages of 142–125 and 135–123 Ma, respectively. Basaltic rocks of the Tamulangou and Yiliekede formations have a wide range of MgO contents (1.64–9.59 wt%), but are consistently depleted of Nb and Ta and enriched with incompatible trace elements such as large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs). Trachytes and rhyolites of the Jixiangfeng and Shangkuli formations are characterized by enrichment in LILEs and LREEs relative to HFSEs and HREEs, and with negative Nb, Ta, P, and Ti anomalies and positiveϵHf(t) values (3.49–9.98). These data suggest that basaltic volcanic rocks in southern Manzhouli were generated by fractional crystallization of a common parental magma, which was derived by partial melting of metasomatized (enriched) lithospheric mantle, whereas the trachytic and rhyolitic magmas were produced by the melting of lower crustal mafic and felsic granulites, respectively. Geochronological data indicate that Mesozoic volcanism in southern Manzhouli was initiated in the Middle to Late Jurassic and continued into the Early Cretaceous. It was mainly induced by lithospheric extension after the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: In this paper, spatial patterns of predator–prey model with cross diffusion are investigated. The Hopf and Turing bifurcation critical line in a spatial domain are obtained by using mathematical theory. Moreover, exact Turing space is given in two parameters space. Our results reveal that cross diffusion can induce stationary patterns, which may be useful to help us better understand the dynamics of the real ecosystems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Robust superhydrophobic SiO 2 /epoxy coating was prepared by a one-step spraying strategy. • The superhydrophobic coating shows improved mechanical resistance and corrosion inhibition. • The mechanisms of performance enhancement were revealed through experiments and molecular simulations. • The superhydrophobic coating exhibits good chemical stability and hydrophobic repair properties. In this work, a robust epoxy adhesive (EP) @ superhydrophobic SiO 2 (SH-SiO 2)-based superhydrophobic coating was prepared on the aluminum substrate by a simple one-step spraying strategy. The prepared EP@SH-SiO 2 coating exhibits hierarchical micro/nanostructures and is capable of maintaining a contact angle of more than 150° after 1000 cm of abrasion length and 80 tape-peeling repetitions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanics calculations show that the improved mechanical resistance is attributed to the enhanced interfacial interaction between the EP@SH-SiO 2 coating and the underlying substrate induced by the epoxy adhesive. Electrochemical measurements in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution show the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the EP@SH-SiO 2 coating reaches up to 99.99%, and even after 8 days of immersion, the low frequency impedance modulus of the EP@SH-SiO 2 sample is still ∼1 order of magnitude higher than that bare aluminum, demonstrating excellent long-term corrosion protection. The diffusion behavior of the corrosive medium in the EP@SH-SiO 2 coating was revealed by MD simulation to support the experimental results. Additionally, the EP@SH-SiO 2 coating exhibits good chemical stability and hydrophobic repair properties. This work will provide a new perspective for the preparation and study of robust superhydrophobic aluminum for corrosion protection properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present new geochronological and geochemical data for granites and volcanic rocks of the Erguna massif, NE China. These data are integrated with previous findings to better constrain the nature of the massif basement and to provide new insights into the subduction history of Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust and its closure. U–Pb dating of zircons from 12 granites previously mapped as Palaeoproterozoic and from three granites reported as Neoproterozoic yield exclusively Phanerozoic ages. These new ages, together with recently reported isotopic dates for the metamorphic and igneous basement rocks, as well as Nd–Hf crustal-residence ages, suggest that it is unlikely that pre-Mesoproterozoic basement exists in the Erguna massif. The geochronological and geochemical results are consistent with a three-stage subduction history of Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust beneath the Erguna massif, as follows. (1) The Erguna massif records a transition from Late Devonian A-type magmatism to Carboniferous adakitic magmatism. This indicates that southward subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust along the northern margin of the Erguna massif began in the Carboniferous. (2) Late Permian–Middle Triassic granitoids in the Erguna massif are distributed along the Mongol–Okhotsk suture zone and coeval magmatic rocks in the Xing’an terrane are scarce, suggesting that they are unlikely to have formed in association with the collision between the North China Craton and the Jiamusi–Mongolia block along the Solonker–Xra Moron–Changchun–Yanji suture zone. Instead, the apparent subduction-related signature of the granites and their proximity to the Mongol–Okhotsk suture zone suggest that they are related to southward subduction of Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust. (3) A conspicuous lack of magmatic activity during the Middle Jurassic marks an abrupt shift in magmatic style from Late Triassic–Early Jurassic normal and adakite-like calc-alkaline magmatism (pre-quiescent episode) to Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous A-type felsic magmatism (post-quiescent episode). Evidently a significant change in geodynamic processes took place during the Middle Jurassic. Late Triassic–Early Jurassic subduction-related signatures and adakitic affinities confirm the existence of subduction during this time. Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous post-collision magmatism constrains the timing of the final closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean involving collision between the Jiamusi–Mongolia block and the Siberian Craton to the Middle Jurassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the difficulty in predicting time between weapon failures, a grey Markov model is established based on grey model (1,1). And a combined model for the prediction of the time between failures is established by analyzing a typical failure rate curve of electronic equipment and forming a reasonable modeling background according to the characteristics of electronic equipment faults. The predicted value is compared with the real value through an instance. The result shows that the combined model can be used effectively to predict the time between failures, reduce the prediction error and improve the prediction accuracy in the case of few data, poor information and uncert [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic analyses of zircons from various granitoids, combined with major and trace element analyses, were undertaken to determine the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of Neoproterozoic and Late Paleozoic magmatism in the Manzhouli–Erguna area of Inner Mongolia, China. The Neoproterozoic granitoids are mainly biotite monzogranites with zircon U–Pb ages of 894±13Ma and 880±10Ma, and they are characterised by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Rb, Ba, K) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The Late Devonian granitoids are dominantly syenogranites and mylonitised syenogranites with zircon U–Pb ages of 360±4Ma, and they form a bimodal magmatic association with subordinate gabbroic rocks of the same age. The Late Devonian syenogranites have A-type characteristics including high total alkalis, Zr, Nb, Ce and Y contents, and high FeOt/MgO, Ga/Al and Rb/Sr ratios. The Carboniferous granitoids are mainly tonalites, granodiorites and monzogranites with U–Pb ages varying from 319 to 306Ma, and they show very strong adakitic characteristics such as high La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios but low Y and Yb contents. The Late Permian granitoids are dominated by monzogranites and syenogranites with zircon U–Pb ages ranging between 257 and 251Ma. Isotopically, the ε Hf(t) values of the Neoproterozoic granitoids range from +4.3 to +8.3, and the two-stage model ages (T DM2) from 1.2 to 1.5Ga. The Late Devonian granitoids are less radiogenic [ε Hf(t) from +12.0 to +12.8 and T DM2 from 545 to 598Ma] than the Carboniferous [ε Hf(t) from +6.8 to +9.5 and T DM2 from 722 to 894Ma] and Late Permian granitoids [ε Hf(t) from +6.1 to +9.4 and T DM2 in the range of 680–895Ma]. These data indicate (1) the Neoproterozoic granitoids may have been generated by melting of a juvenile crust extracted from the mantle during the Mesoproterozoic, probably during or following the final stages of assembly of Rodinia as a result of the collision and amalgamation of Australia and the Tarim Craton; (2) the Late Devonian granitoids may have formed by partial melting of a new mantle-derived juvenile crust in a post-orogenic extensional setting; (3) the Carboniferous granitoids appear to have been produced by melting of garnet-bearing amphibolites within a thickened continental crust during and following the collision of the Songnen and Erguna–Xing’an terranes; and (4) the Late Permian granitoids may have been generated by melting of garnet-free amphibolites within the Neoproterozoic juvenile continental crust, probably in the post-collisional tectonic setting that followed the collision of the North China and Siberian cratons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a spatial plant–wrack model is presented. We find such model has spotted pattern dynamics by using both mathematical analysis and numerical simulations. The obtained results may point that the distribution of the plant in space is self-organized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The title compound [NiII(phen)3]2[Cu10H2I16] 1 (phen=1,10-phenanthroline, C12H8N2) was hydrothermally synthesized from a simple reaction of CuI–NiCl2·6H2O–phen·H2O–H2O. X-ray analysis revealed that it consists of NiN62+ core cation and decanuclear iodocuprate(I) anion together with two dissociative H+ ions. In anionic unit, the discrete decanuclear iodocuprate(I) is formed by crystallographically independent five monovalent copper atoms and eight iodine atoms via an inversion center. There exist two types of Cu(I) coordination sites; only one copper(I) atom is in a highly distorted triangular planar site, and the other four copper(I) atoms display the tetrahedral geometries. It deserves to be noted that four types of bridging modes of I− ions in which two are ordinary μ2- and μ3-bonding modes can be found. But the other two are the rectangle planar geometry and the novel μ4-bridge like an “umbrella”, and both of them are rather rare in the halocuprates(I). Compound 1 was crystallized in triclinic space group P1¯ with a=11.6861(17), b=14.590(2), c=14.649(2) A˚, α=76.370(2), β=70.830(2), γ=81.320(3)o, R=0.075, and was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and UV-VIS spectrum. The third-order non-linear optical property of 1 was also investigated and the compound exhibits the reverse saturable absorption and self-defocusing performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]