Search

Let d ≥ 1 be an integer and let 풲 d be the Witt algebra. For any admissible 풲 d -module P and any 픤 ⁢ 픩 d -module V, one can form a 풲 d -module ℱ ⁢ (P , V) , which as a vector space is P ⊗ V . Since 풲 d has a natural subalgebra isomorphic to 픰 ⁢ 픩 d + 1 , we can view ℱ ⁢ (P , V) as an 픰 ⁢ 픩 d + 1 -module. Taking P = Ω ⁢ (흀) , the rank-1 U ⁢ (픥) -free 풲 d -module, and V = V ⁢ (퐚 , b) , the simple cuspidal module over 픤 ⁢ 픩 d , we get the special 픰 ⁢ 픩 d + 1 -modules ℱ ⁢ (흀 ; 퐚 , b) = ℱ ⁢ (Ω ⁢ (흀) , V ⁢ (퐚 , b)) which are U ⁢ (픥) -free modules of infinite rank. We determine the necessary and sufficient condition for the 픰 ⁢ 픩 d + 1 -module ℱ ⁢ (흀 ; 퐚 , b) to be simple, and for the non-simple case we construct their proper submodules explicitly. At last, using the above results, we deduce an explicit simplicity criterion for the generalized Verma modules induced from V ⁢ (퐚 , b) and obtain a family of simple affine modules from ℱ ⁢ (흀 ; 퐚 , b) , which can be viewed as the non-weight version of loop modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The keV scale sterile neutrino was a qualified candidate for dark matter particles in the Dodelson-Widrow mechanism. But the mixing angle, needed to provide enough amount of dark matter, is in contradiction with the astrophysical observations. To alleviate such tension, we introduce an effective interaction, i.e. g a (ϕ / Λ) ∂ μ a ν α ¯ γ μ γ 5 ν α , among Standard Model neutrino ν α , axion a, and singlet ϕ . The axial-vector interaction form is determined by the axion shift symmetry, and the singlet ϕ with dynamically varied vacuum expectation value is introduced to reinforce the axial-vector coupling strength and evade the stringent neutrino oscillation constraints. The effective potential generated by the new interaction could cancel the SM counterpart, resulting in an enhanced converting probability between SM neutrino and sterile neutrino. Hence, the production rate of sterile neutrinos can be substantially enlarged with smaller mixing compared to the DW mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, perovskite technology has been increasingly applied in solar cells, nanocrystals, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have attracted significant interest in the field of optoelectronics owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Compared with other common nanocrystal materials, perovskite nanomaterials have many advantages, such as high absorption coefficients and tunable bandgaps. Owing to their rapid development in efficiency and huge potential, perovskite materials are considered the future of photovoltaics. Among different types of PNCs, CsPbBr3 perovskites exhibit several advantages. CsPbBr3 nanocrystals offer a combination of enhanced stability, high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission bandwidth, tunable bandgap, and ease of synthesis, which distinguish them from other PNCs, and make them suitable for various applications in optoelectronics and photonics. However, PNCs also have some shortcomings: they are highly susceptible to degradation caused by environmental factors, such as moisture, oxygen, and light, which limits their long-term performance and hinders their practical applications. Recently, researchers have focused on improving the stability of PNCs, starting with the synthesis of nanocrystals and optimizing (i) the external encapsulation of crystals, (ii) ligands used for the separation and purification of nanocrystals, and (iii) initial synthesis methods or material doping. In this review, we discuss in detail the factors leading to instability in PNCs, introduce stability enhancement methods for mainly inorganic PNCs mentioned above, and provide a summary of these approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method used and results found by the team "ASTL-NUAA" from NUAA for the problem of GTOC 11 are presented in the paper. The problem is mainly decomposed into three parts: multiple targets flyby sequence optimization for the Mother Ships, station-building database construction problem of asteroid transfer arcs, and station-building mission planning. Therefore, a three-step optimization framework is proposed to solve the problem. After analyzing the data of all the asteroids and selecting according to the orbital elements and mass of the asteroids, an asteroid candidate set RS1 is chosen as candidate targets for the Mother Ships. A two-level optimization algorithm based on a genetic principle is applied to solve the two-impulse asteroid flyby problem and rapidly determine the asteroid sequence of each Mother Ship. Subsequently, a method of filtering input data for the time-optimal rendezvous problem by the optimal flight time and the corresponding optimal relative phase is proposed to construct a station-building database with less computation burden. The optimal relative phase is obtained by solving free final-phase continuous low-thrust time-optimal problem. The station-building database is composed of the results of continuous low-thrust time-optimal rendezvous problems. At last, a branch-and-bound algorithm based on the greedy strategy is adopted to rapidly get the result by maximizing the minimal mass among the stations. The final score of our solution is 4315.6663, which is obtained after the competition. • The method used and results found by NUAA for the GTOC 11 is presented. • The flyby sequence of asteroids is obtained by the two-level optimization algorithm. • For less computation burden, a filter strategy is proposed to filter the input of time-optimal problem. • To assign asteroids, the branch-and-bound algorithm is applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] We study a minimal extension of the standard model by introducing three right-handed neutrinos and a new scotogenic scalar doublet, in which the mass splittings between neutral and charged components are responsible for the W -boson mass newly measured by the CDF Collaboration. This model can not only generate non-vanishing Majorana neutrino masses via the interaction of right-handed neutrinos and scotogenic scalars, but also explain the Universe's missing matter in the form of FIMP dark matter. We also study the influence of the mass splitting on the first order electroweak phase transition, and find that it can further enhance the transition strength and thus induce gravitational waves during the phase transition, which may be detected in the forthcoming detectors such as U-DECIGO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the superheavy dark matter (DM) scenario in an extended B−L model, where one generation of right-handed neutrino νR is the DM candidate. If there is a new lighter sterile neutrino that co-annihilate with the DM candidate, then the annihilation rate is exponentially enhanced, allowing a DM mass much heavier than the Griest-Kamionkowski bound (∼105 GeV). We demonstrate that a DM mass MνR ≳ 1013 GeV can be achieved. Although beyond the scale of any traditional DM searching strategy, this scenario is testable via gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by the cosmic strings from the U(1)B−L breaking. Quantitative calculations show that the DM mass O (109−1013 GeV) can be probed by future GW detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The neuroprotective role of Na+/H+ exchangers isoform‐1 (NHE1) inactivation in cerebral ischemic damage has been elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the impacts of NHE1 in PD. In this study, 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced PD rat models were established to attempt to illuminate the role and underlying mechanisms of NHE1 in SNpc neurons of PD. Meanwhile, nerve growth factor‐stimulated PC12 cells followed by 6‐OHDA treatment was used to mimic PD in vitro. Results showed that the protein levels of NHE1 were significantly increased in the SNpc neurons of rats and differentiated PC12 cells after 6‐OHDA treatment. Inactivation of NHE1 with chemical inhibitor HOE642 suppressed SNpc neuronal loss and NHE1 expression in PD rats. The overlays of tyrosine hydroxylase and NHE1 displayed that NHE1 expression was not colocalized but closely associated with TH. Besides, treatment with HOE642 relieved the dyskinesia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. Further in vitro evidence confirmed that inhibition of NHE1 by genetic‐knockdown prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Our study represents the first experimental evidence of a potential role for NHE1 in the pathogenesis of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irregular shapes and gravitational fields of asteroids challenge the design of collision-free asteroid surface hopping trajectories. A novel collision-free long-distance transfer trajectory design algorithm based on the convex optimization is presented in this article. A combinatorial keepout zone consisting of three spheres is defined to avoid the spacecraft colliding with the asteroid surface during the transfer. The boundary of the keepout zone is close to the surface of the target asteroid. With the Taylor expansion approximation, the nonconvex keepout zone constraint becomes convex. Two convex glide-slope constraints are employed for avoiding colliding during the ascent and descent. Thereafter, a convex optimization problem for solving a collision-free long-distance transfer trajectory between arbitrary two surface points is formulated. Moreover, an ant colony optimization algorithm combined with the proposed method is used to solve the optimal hopping sequence problem for exploring multiple points on the asteroid surface. Finally, several numerical simulation examples for the asteroid 433 Eros validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methyl orange (MO) is a common anionic azo dye that is harmful to the environment and biology, so it must be treated innocuously before it can be discharged. Adsorption is an effective method to remove anionic dyes. Nanotube mineral is a natural one-dimensional adsorption material, and its unique morphology and structure endow it with good adsorption capacity. Although there are many related studies, there is a lack of in-depth discussions on the influence of nanotube's composition and structure on the adsorption of dyes and other pollutants. In this paper, two kinds of natural one-dimensional silicate minerals [halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and chrysotile nanotubes (ChNTs)] with similar morphology but slightly different compositions and crystal structures were used as adsorbents, and MO solution was used as simulate pollutants. It is the first time to discuss in depth the influence of the composition and structure of nanotube minerals on their charge properties and the adsorption performance of methyl orange dyes. It is found that HNTs and ChNTs have different adsorption capacity due to the difference of electronegativity between Al3+ and Mg2+ in the crystal, so they possess negative and positive charges respectively in near-neutral solution, which leads to the adsorption capacity of MO by ChNTs with positive charges which is greater than that of HNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study the long-standing experimental anomaly in muon (g −2) and also recent anomalous excess in K L → π 0 + v v ¯ at the J-PARC KOTO experiment with sgoldstino. After supersymmetry breaking, the interactions between quarks and sgoldstino (s) make the decays K → π + s sizable through loop diagrams, which affects the measurements of decays K → π + invisible. Furthermore, the couplings between photons and sgoldstino contribute to ∆aμ as well as the bino-slepton contribution. With satisfying all known experimental constraints such as from NA62, E949, E137, Orsay, KTEV and CHARM experiments, these two anomalies can be explained simultaneously. The mass of CP-even sgoldstino is close to the neutral pion mass which does not violate the Grossman-Nir bound. The parameter space can be further tested in future NA62, DUNE experiments, as well as experiments in the LHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isothermal single-component multi-phase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) combined with the particle motion model is used to simulate the detailed process of liquid film rupture induced by a single spherical particle. The entire process of the liquid film rupture can be divided into two stages. In Stage 1, the particle contacts with the liquid film and moves into it due to the interfacial force and finally penetrates the liquid film. Then in Stage 2, the upper and lower liquid surfaces of the thin film are driven by the capillary force and approach to each other along the surface of the particle, resulting in a complete rupture. It is found that a hydrophobic particle with a contact angle of 106.7° shows the shortest rupture duration when the liquid film thickness is less than the particle radius. When the thickness of the liquid film is greater than the immersed depth of the particle at equilibrium, the time of liquid film rupture caused by a hydrophobic particle will be increased. On the other hand, a moderately hydrophilic particle can form a bridge in the middle of the liquid film to enhance the stability of the thin liquid film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latency in the control loop of adaptive optics (AO) systems can severely limit performance. Under the frozen flow hypothesis linear predictive control techniques can overcome this; however, identification and tracking of relevant turbulent parameters (such as wind speeds) is required for such parametric techniques. This can complicate practical implementations and introduce stability issues when encountering variable conditions. Here, we present a non-linear wavefront predictor using a long short-term memory (LSTM) artificial neural network (ANN) that assumes no prior knowledge of the atmosphere and thus requires no user input. The ANN is designed to predict the open-loop wavefront slope measurements of a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WFS) one frame in advance to compensate for a single-frame delay in a simulated 7 × 7 single-conjugate adaptive optics system operating at 150 Hz. We describe how the training regime of the LSTM ANN affects prediction performance and show how the performance of the predictor varies under various guide star magnitudes. We show that the prediction remains stable when both wind speed and direction are varying. We then extend our approach to a more realistic two-frame latency system. AO system performance when using the LSTM predictor is enhanced for all simulated conditions with prediction errors within 19.9–40.0 nm RMS of a latency-free system operating under the same conditions compared to a bandwidth error of 78.3 ± 4.4 nm RMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the characteristics of lift-off velocity with analytically derived vector expression. Compared with a single asteroid system, there is an external perturbed body that has influence on the dynamic environment of the target body surface for a binary asteroid system. Binary asteroid systems modeled by ellipsoid-sphere model are classified as two cases: synchronous system and non-synchronous system. The effects of different factors on the lift-off velocity related with the dynamic characteristics of the systems are analyzed. In the synchronous system, the lift-off velocity curves are similar with those in the single asteroid system. The maximum relative difference in lift-off velocity caused by perturbed bodies of different masses is less than 8%, according to maximum and minimum lift-off velocity distributions. The density/spin parameter and ellipticity parameter have other different influences on lift-off velocity. As for a non-synchronous system, the distributions of the maximum and minimum lift-off velocity with different poses are studied and their trends for one period are summarized. The minimum lift-off velocity is found to be close to zero in the low latitude at some certain time points that are affected by the spin ratio. • The lift-off velocities for both synchronous system and non-synchronous system are derived. • The lift-off velocities on the surface of Didymos are calculated and analyzed. • The effects of different parameters on the lift-off velocity are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell senescence is characterized by the irreversible arrest of cell proliferation and has been implicated as one of the critical causes of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Telomere dysfunction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the development of cellular senescence. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which is the catalytic subunit of telomerase, can counteract cellular senescence with telomerase RNA template in a telomere-dependent manner. In addition, TERT has also been confirmed to exert extra-telomeric and neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on the close relationship between cellular senescence and neurodegenerative diseases, and in particular, we elucidate the neuroprotective role of TERT in neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain a class of Virasoro modules by taking tensor products of the irreducible Virasoro modules Ω (λ , α , h) and Ω (μ , β) with irreducible highest weight modules V (θ , h) or with irreducible Virasoro modules Ind θ (N) defined in [20]. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for such tensor product modules to be irreducible, and determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for two of them to be isomorphic. We also compare these modules with other known non-weight Virasoro modules, showing that most of these simple modules are new. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of renewable, hydrophobic, and biodegradable intelligent packaging materials as an alternative to petroleum-based plastic products has become a new research focus in recent years, but remains a challenge. Herein, regenerated cellulose/curcumin composite films were fabricated by dispersing hydrophobic curcumin uniformly in a hydrophilic cellulose matrix using an aqueous alkali/urea solvent based on the pH-driven principle of curcumin. In addition, a unilateral hydrophobic modification was carried out using chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane to obtain Janus structure. The composite films exhibited high transparency in the visible light spectrum, excellent antioxidation, thermal stability, mechanical strength, gas barrier properties, and antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the films demonstrated the capability to lower the overall levels of volatile basic nitrogen in stored fish. The color of the films shifted from a pale yellow to a reddish-brown over time during storage. The composite films can be completely degraded after approximately 98 days in soil with an average environmental temperature of 29 °C. This work provided a facile strategy to prepare biodegradable cellulose/curcumin films with Janus structure as packaging materials which could preserve the freshness of food products while offering visual monitor of their freshness in real-time. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Excessive osteoclast activation is a leading cause of osteoporosis. Therefore, identifying molecular targets and relevant pharmaceuticals that inhibit osteoclastogenesis is of substantial clinical importance. Prior research has indicated that transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) impedes the process of osteoclastogenesis by engaging the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway, thereby suggesting TAZ activation as a potential therapeutic approach to treat osteoporosis. (R)-PFI-2 is a novel selective inhibitor of SETD7 methyltransferase activity, which prevents the nuclear translocation of YAP, a homolog of TAZ. Therefore, we hypothesized that (R)-PFI-2 could be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. To test this hypothesis and explore the underlying mechanism, we first examined the impact of (R)-PFI-2 on osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in vitro. (R)-PFI-2 treatment inhibited TAZ phosphorylation induced by NF-κB, thereby enhancing its nuclear localization, protein expression, and activation in BMMs. Moreover, (R)-PFI-2-induced TAZ activation inhibited osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner, which involved inhibition of osteoclastogenesis through the TAZ and downstream NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, (R)-PFI-2 inhibited osteoclastogenesis and prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo in a mouse model. Overall, our findings suggest that TAZ activation by (R)-PFI-2 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and prevents osteoporosis, indicating an effective strategy for treating osteoclast-induced osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of -differential operators is a natural generalization of differential operators and difference operators. In this paper, we determine the -differential Lie algebraic structure on the Witt algebra and the Virasoro algebra for invertible. Then we consider several families of modules over the Virasoro algebra with explicit module actions and determine the -differential module structures on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking mechanism inevitably predicts the existence of the sgoldstinos, which can play the role of wave-like dark matter. Due to the ubiquitous coupling to the electromagnetic fields, the light scalar sgoldstino dark matter can lead to the variance of the fine-structure constant. With the precise atomic clock data, we find the SUSY breaking scale F can be probed up to the GUT scale in the sgoldstino mass range of 10 − 22 eV < m ϕ < 4 × 10 − 7 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new polypyridyl ligand containing a nitro group and two new ruthenium complexes of it were synthesized. The two complexes exhibited non‐dppz DNA ‘light switch’ effects after interaction with calf thymus DNA. Introducing both electron‐withdrawing group (─ NO2) and electron‐donating group (─ CH3) may be the reason that the two complexes display DNA ‘light switch’ behaviors. Furthermore, one of the complexes showed higher photocleavage activity, topoisomerase I inhibition activity and DNA affinity than the other. The present work shows that the more active complex can be employed as a non‐dppz DNA ‘light switch’, DNA photocleaver and topoisomerase I inhibitor. In addition, the two complexes have no or weak cytotoxic activities against Eca‐109 and A549 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we determine the biderivations of the block Lie algebras B ( q ) for all q ∈ C . More precisely, we prove that the space of biderivations of B ( q ) is spanned by inner biderivations and one outer biderivation. Applying this result we also find all commuting maps on B ( q ) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a class of modules over the affine Lie algebra sl ˆ 2 from the modules over the degree-2 Weyl algebra K 2 and modules over the 2-dimensional solvable Lie algebra b. We determine the irreducibility and isomorphisms of these modules with examples given by Bavula's construction of modules for generalized Weyl algebras in [5]. Finally, we show these irreducible sl ˆ 2 -modules are generally new. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Tang and Bai [Math Nachr. 2012;285:922–935] classified a class of non-graded left-symmetric algebraic structures on the Witt algebra under a certain rational condition. In this note, we show that this rational condition is not necessary. This leads to a more elegant classification of the left-symmetric algebraic structures and Novikov algebraic structures on the Witt algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we introduce an extra singlet pseudoscalar into the Type-III two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) which is supposed to solve a series of problems in the modern particle-cosmology. With existence of a light pseudoscalar, the h → μ τ excess measured at CMS and as well as the ( g − 2 ) μ anomaly could be simultaneously explained within certain parameter spaces that can also tolerate the data on the flavor-violating processes τ → μ γ and Higgs decay gained at LHC. Within the same parameter spaces, the DM relic abundance is well accounted. Moreover, the recently observed Galactic Center gamma ray excess (GCE) is proposed to realize through dark matter (DM) pair annihilations, and in this work, the scenario of the annihilation being mediated by the pseudoscalar is also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a combined fault diagnosis scheme based on a recurrent neural network (RNN) and an H− observer for satellite attitude control systems (ACSs) in the presence of model uncertainties, external disturbances, and measurement noise. The ACS is decoupled into multiple independent channels, such that the residuals generated by the observers respond to the corresponding faults. A novel multilayer adaptive Gaussian recurrent neural network (MAGRNN) structure is developed as an approximator to estimate the lumped disturbance; a robust term is introduced to improve accuracy. Considering the actuator fault in the finite frequency domain and the fault-sensitive index, a set of H− unknown input observers (UIOs) is designed using the output of the MAGRNN-based approximator as compensation. The existence conditions of the approximator and observer are proposed and proved. The fault diagnosis results for three cases verify that the proposed method can be used for small fault detection and isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) technology has permeated into all aspects of today's society and is playing an increasingly important role. Identity authentication is crucial for IoT devices to access the network, because the open wireless transmission environment of the IoT may suffer from various forms of network attacks. The asymmetry in the comprehensive capabilities of gateways and terminals in the IoT poses significant challenges to reliability and security. Traditional encryption-based identity authentication methods are difficult to apply to IoT terminals with limited capabilities due to high algorithm complexity and low computational efficiency. This paper explores physical layer identity identification based on channel state information (CSI) and proposes an intelligent identification method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Specifically, by analyzing and extracting the features of the real received CSI information and a setting low-complexity state, as well as action and reward parameters for the deep neural network of deep reinforcement learning oriented to the scenario, we obtained an authentication method that can efficiently identify identities. The validation of the proposed method using collected CSI data demonstrates that it has good convergence properties. Compared with several existing machine-learning-based identity recognition methods, the proposed method has higher recognition accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To figure out water pollution of the Qinhuang River in Binzhou Gty, broad bean root-tip micronucleus technique was applied to test water quality, water sample from different sampling points was taken to detect the contamination of broad bean root tips, so as to reflect water pollution using the pollution indexes. The results showed that water in the Qinhuang River was polluted in different degrees, and water pollution grew more serious from the upper to the lower reaches. Water pollution sources include domestic sewage and solid waste, thus pollution discharge into the river must be strictly controlled to restore the polluted water and the ecological functions of waterscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new asymmetry ligand pibi (pibi = 2-(pyridine-2-yl)-1-H-imidazo[4,5-f]benzo[d]imidazolone) and its ruthenium complexes with [Ru(L)2(pibi)]2+(L = bpy (2, 2′-bipyridine), phen (1, 10-phenanthroline)), have been synthesized and characterized. The binding of two complexes with calf thymus DNA has been investigated by spectroscopic and viscosity measurement. The results indicate that both complexes can bind to CT-DNA through intercalative mode. Under irradiation at 365 nm, both complexes can partly promote the photocleavage of plasmid pBR322DNA. The low singlet oxygen generation abilities of the two complexes may be the factor for the low DNA photocleavage abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study Whittaker modules over the loop Virasoro algebra relative to some total order. We give a description of all Whittaker vectors for the universal Whittaker modules. We also show that any universal Whittaker module admits a unique simple quotient modules except for a special case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study Whittaker modules over Virasoro-like algebra relative to some total order. We determine all Whittaker vectors and the irreducibilities of the universal Whittaker modules. For the reducible ones, we determine their unique maximal submodules, and the corresponding irreducible quotient modules are just those modules constructed by Batra et al. [J. Algebra 322(12), 4163-4180 (2009)]. Using their results we can deduce more properties on the maximal submodules and irreducible modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truncated Virasoro algebras can be viewed as quotient algebras of the loop-Virasoro algebra. In this paper, we prove that any weight module M with a finite dimensional weight space over any truncated Virasoro algebra L(f)=Virx(C[t±1]/fC[t±1]) has a Harish-Chandra submodule, where Vir is the Virasoro algebra and f is a nonzero and not invertible Laurent polynomial in C[t±1]. More precisely, if M has a nontrivial upper bounded Vir-submodule, then it has a highest weight L(f)-submodule; if M has a nontrivial lower bounded Vir-submodule, then it has a lowest weight L(f)-submodule; if M is nontrivial over L(f) and does not contain any nontrivial upper bounded nor any nontrivial lower bounded Vir-submodules, then it has a nontrivial Harish-Chandra L(f)-submodule S such that dimSλ=1 for all λ ∈ supp(S)\{0}. As a corollary, any irreducible weight module with a finite dimensional weight space over L(f) is a Harish-Chandra module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of a strong magnetic field on the dominant neutrino emissivity in strange stars is investigated. In an ultra strong magnetic field, there exists an enhanced neutrino emission because the charged particles are confined to the lowest Landau level. The results show that the neutrino emissivity is proportional to T 5 instead of conventional T 6, which implies more rapid cooling behavior in magnetars than usual strange stars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In order to study electron transfer trends between metal complexes binding to DNA, a series of complexes [M(phen)3]n+ [M=Os(II), Ru(II), Co(III) and Zn(II); phen=1,10−phenanthroline, n=2 or 3] were computed using the DFT-B3LYP method and LanL2DZ basis set. Furthermore their spectroscopic, thermodynamic and photochemical characteristics have been determined experimentally. An interesting theoretical trend is found that the frontier molecular orbital energies of [Co(phen)3]3+ are all rather low, in particular, its LUMO energy is even lower than the HOMO energy of [Ru(phen)3]2+, in contrast, complexes [Os(phen)3]2+ and [Zn(phen)]32+ do not have such electronic structure characteristics. The energy difference (Δ&epsiv;) between HOMO of [Ru(phen)3]2+ and LUMO of [Co(phen)3]3+ may be regarded as a driving force for electron transfer between the both metal complexes binding to DNA. In order to confirm the notion about a driving force, the luminescence quenching experiments among these complexes in DNA medium have been designed and performed. The results show that in DNA medium, the luminescence emitted by Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes can be quenched by [Co(phen)3]3+ but not by [Os(phen)3]2+ or [Zn(phen)3]2+, respectively, and thus the notion about a driving force for electron transfer between metal complexes in DNA medium can be confirmed. In addition, the trend in the binding constant (Kb) of [M(phen)3]2+ obtained from the experiments follows the order of Kb [Zn(phen)32+]<Kb [Ru(phen)32+]<Kb [Os(phen)32+] and it is just consistent with that from the theoretical prediction. Finally, the theoretical computations also suggest that the max (λ) electronic absorption band of [Co(phen)3]3+ should be assigned to 1LMCT band and that of [Zn(phen)3]2+ should be assigned to 1LLCT band, in contrast to 1MLCT bands of [Os(phen)3]2+ and [Ru(phen)3]2+. The theoretical results can be used to well explain some related experimental phenomena and regularities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Porous materials are widely used for noise control treatments. Sound-absorb cotton is commonly used in the transportation industry such as automobiles and airplanes because of its excellent sound absorption performance. In this paper, two typical acoustical models were used to evaluate the sound absorption coefficient of sound-absorb cotton. By comparing the measurement results with those of acoustical models, suitable model for sound-absorb cotton can be found. Physical parameters are measured and calculated by experimentally and inverse methods. Porosity and density are directly measured, while airflow resistivity is measured by changing boundary conditions between sample and container. Tortuosity and characteristic length are identified by using material acoustic parameters identification software, when samples considered as limp and rigid skeleton-type respectively. When all parameters of the samples are obtained, then the sound absorption coefficient of the sample can be simulated by material acoustic simulation software. This paper, also investigated the effect on sound absorption coefficient by airflow resistivity due to different boundary conditions. The conclusion of the theoretical model applicable to sound-absorb cotton can be drawn from the results obtained, also proved the best method of airflow resistivity measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerobic glycolysis has been recognized as a hallmark of human cancer. G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) is a negative regulator of the G protein-MAPK pathway and a core subunit of the NCoR/SMRT transcriptional co-repressor complex. However, how its biological properties intersect with cellular metabolism in breast cancer (BC) development remains poorly elucidated. Here, we report that GPS2 is low expressed in BC tissues and negatively correlated with poor prognosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that GPS2 suppresses malignant progression of BC. Moreover, GPS2 suppresses aerobic glycolysis in BC cells. Mechanistically, GPS2 destabilizes HIF-1α to reduce the transcription of its downstream glycolytic regulators (PGK1 , PGAM1 , ENO1 , PKM2 , LDHA , PDK1 , PDK2 , and PDK4), and then suppresses cellular aerobic glycolysis. Notably, receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is identified as a key ubiquitin ligase for GPS2 to promote HIF-1α degradation. GPS2 stabilizes the binding of HIF-1α to RACK1 by directly binding to RACK1, resulting in polyubiquitination and instability of HIF-1α. Amino acid residues 70–92 aa of the GPS2 N-terminus bind RACK1. A 23-amino-acid-long GPS2-derived peptide was developed based on this N-terminal region, which promotes the interaction of RACK1 with HIF-1α, downregulates HIF-1α expression and significantly suppresses BC tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that GPS2 decreases the stability of HIF-1α, which in turn suppresses aerobic glycolysis and tumorigenesis in BC, suggesting that targeting HIF-1α degradation and treating with peptides may be a promising approach to treat BC. [Display omitted] • GPS2 suppresses glycolytic metabolism in breast cancer. • GPS2 suppresses glycolytic metabolism by downregulating the protein expression of HIF-1α. • GPS2 reduces HIF-1α protein stability through RACK1-mediated ubiquitination. • GPS2-derived peptide suppresses breast cancer by promoting HIF-1α degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical images are rich in spectral information, but difficult to acquire under all-weather conditions, while SAR images can overcome adverse meteorological conditions, but geometric distortion and speckle noise will reduce the quality of SAR images and thus make image interpretation more challenging. Therefore, transforming SAR images to optical images to assist SAR image interpretation will bring opportunities for SAR image application. With the advancement of deep learning technology, the ability of SAR-to-optical transformation has been greatly improved. However, most of the current mainstream transformation methods do not consider the imaging characteristics of SAR images, and there will be failures such as noisy color spots and regional landform deformation in the generated optical images. Moreover, since the SAR image itself does not contain color information, there also exist many color errors in these results. Aiming at the above problems, Sar2color, an end-to-end general SAR-to-optical transformation model, is proposed based on a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN). The model uses DCT residual block to reduce the effect of coherent speckle noise on the generated optical images, and constructs the Light atrous spatial pyramid pooling (Light-ASPP) module to mitigate the negative effect of geometric distortion on the generation of optical images. These two designs ensure the precision of texture details when the SAR image is transformed into an optical image, and use the correct color memory block (CCMB) to improve the color accuracy of transformation results. Towards the Sar2color model, we have carried out evaluations on the homologous heterogeneous SAR image and optical image pairing dataset SEN1-2. The experimental results show that, compared with other mainstream transformation models, Sar2color achieves the state-of-the-art effect on all three objective and one subjective evaluation metrics. Furthermore, we have carried out various ablation experiments, and the results show the effectiveness of each designed module of Sar2color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a class of Z d -graded modules, which are constructed using Shen–Larsson's functor from sl d -modules V , for the Lie algebras of divergence zero vector fields on tori and quantum tori. We determine the irreducibility of these modules for finite-dimensional or infinite-dimensional V using a unified method. In particular, these modules provide new irreducible weight modules with infinite-dimensional weight spaces for the corresponding algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to harness the full capability of ultraviolet and visible light in the dielectric barrier discharge induced non-thermal plasma (DBD-NTP) process, g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 catalysts were prepared and utilized in this process. Synergistic degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7) dye by DBD-NTP and g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 was conducted, and the performance, degradation pathways and synergistic catalytic mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the degradation rate of AO7 in the DBD-NTP and g–C 3 N 4 –15/TiO 2 process increased by 39.1% compared with that in the single DBD-NTP process at 12 min discharge time. At 20 W input power, initial concentration of AO7 was 5 mg/L, catalytic dosage was 0.5 g/L, initial pH value was 10.0 and air flow rate was 52 L/h, the degradation rate of AO7 reached 100.0% after 12 min discharge time. Higher discharge power and initial concentration of AO7 inhibited AO7 degradation, whereas increasing the air flow rate and initial pH value of the solution promoted AO7 degradation. The degradation pathways of AO7 consisted of azo structure destruction, ring opening reaction, hydroxylation, carboxylation and mineralization reaction. The results of radical trapping experiment showed that O 2 −, h+, OH, O 3 and H 2 O 2 were the main reactive species for AO7 degradation in the DBD-NTP and g–C 3 N 4 –15/TiO 2 process. The Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism for the g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 catalyst was proposed. • Non-thermal plasma and g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 were used to ignite aqueous AO7 degradation. • g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 catalysts were excited by DBD induced non-thermal plasma. • Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism for the g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 composite was proved. • Degradation intermediates and pathways of AO7 dye were detected and proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic parameter measurement of porous materials is critical to the simulation of sound absorption. In all parameters of the material the airflow resistivity measurement is greatly affected by the environment and boundary conditions, so the result is unstable. The influence of different boundary conditions on the measurement of polyurethane's airflow resistivity is studied in this paper. Airflow resistivity is measured under different boundary conditions. To verify the test results, the porosity also was measured and the tortuosity and characteristic lengths were calculated in the software by using appropriate acoustic model. The sound absorption coefficient is obtained by AMDesigner (AMDesigner, which is a commercial software about porous materials simulation developed by Jinxiang Pang) after inputting all above material parameters. Comparing the absorption coefficient measured by experiment with that obtained by simulation. It shows that after using petroleum jelly sound absorption simulated by AMDesigner is agreement well with the measurement value in the whole frequency band. When add two rings sound absorption by simulation and test match well under low-frequency region. While directly measuring the airflow resistivity after cutting, the results from test and simulation just get poorly agreement. The conclusion from the paper could provide more experiences for airflow resistivity measurement of porous foam material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has not been reported before. This study presents a patient with NMOSD who developed PRCA. Case presentation: A 54-year-old female was admitted in January 2023 for dysuria and progressive numbness and weakness of lower limbs. She had difficulty standing and walking in a straight line. Both lower limbs were positive for the Babinski and Chaddock signs. MRI showed abnormal signals in the spinal cord. Aquaporin-4-IgG (AQP-4-IgG) was positive (1:320), and NMOSD was confirmed. Intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone were given, and the symptoms improved. She received maintenance treatment with methylprednisolone tablets, and the dosage was gradually reduced. She was readmitted for fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath in May 2023. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed elevated erythroid precursors and erythroid hypoplasia, with normal megakaryocytes and myeloid precursors. Chest CT showed no mediastinal lymph node enlargement or thymoma. PRCA secondary to NMOSD was diagnosed. Recombinant human erythropoietin was given. Her condition improved after 1.5 months, as indicated by blood cell count and imaging. Conclusions: This case suggests that PRCA can be secondary to NMOSD. A comprehensive immune function and bone marrow evaluation might be necessary if abnormal blood cells are found while managing NMOSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the temperature-dependent production of feebly interacting massive dark matter particle (FIMP DM) within a Z 2 model, incorporating two Z 2 -odd scalar fields. In specific parameter regions, three distinct mechanisms individually dominate the production of the FIMP DM. These mechanisms include the semi-production process, commonly known as the “exponential growth” process, the three-body decay process, and the production from pair annihilations of the bath particles. It is crucial to consider the thermal history during the evolution of FIMPs, as it involves multiple phase transitions occurring prior to the freeze-in of dark matter. Consequently, the scalar masses experience thermal variations, leading to distinctive evolutionary trajectories for FIMPs when compared to scenarios without accounting for the thermal effects. Notably, the unique patterns of FIMP evolution are accompanied by the production of gravitational waves, presenting promising opportunities for detection using forthcoming interferometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-healing is one of the most important parts in self-organizing mobile communication network. It focuses on detecting the decline of service quality and finding out the cause of network anomalies and repairing it with high automation. Diagnosis is a particularly important task which identifies the fault cause of problematic cells or regions. To perform the diagnosis, this paper presents two modified ensemble classifiers by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with different kernels, i.e., SVM with the radial basis function (RBF) kernel (RBFSVM in short) and SVM with the linear kernel (LSVM in short), as component classifier in Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), and we call the two ensemble classifiers as Adaptive Boosting based on RBFSVM (AdaBoostRBFSVM in short) and Adaptive Boosting based on linear kernel (AdaBoostLSVM in short). Different with previous AdaBoostSVM classifiers using weak component classifiers, in this paper, the performance of the classifiers is adaptively improved by using moderately accurate SVM classifiers (the training error is less than 50%). To solve the accuracy/diversity dilemma in AdaBoost and get good classification performance, the training error threshold is regulated to adjust the diversity of classifier, and the parameters of SVM (regularization parameter C and Gaussian width σ) are changed to control the accuracy of classifier. The accuracy and diversity will be well balanced through reasonable parameter adjustment strategy. Results show that the proposed approaches outperform individual SVM approaches and show good generalization performance. The AdaBoostLSVM classifier has higher accuracy and stability than LSVM classifier. Compared with RBFSVM, the undetected rate and diagnosis error rate of AdaBoostRBFSVM decrease slightly, but the false positive rate does reduce a lot. It means that the AdaBoostRBFSVM classifier is indeed available and can greatly reduce the number of normal class samples that have been wrongly classified. Therefore, the two ensemble classifiers based on the SVM component classifier can improve the generalization performance by reasonably adjusting the parameters. To set the parameter values of component classifiers in a more reasonable and effective way, genetic algorithm is introduced to find the set of parameter values for the best classification accuracy of AdaBoostSVM, and the new ensemble classifier is called AdaboostSVM based on genetic algorithm (GA-AdaboostSVM in short) (including AdaboostLSVM based on genetic algorithm and AdaboostRBFSVM based on genetic algorithm). Results show that GA-AdaboostSVM classifiers have a lower overall error than AdaboostSVM classifiers. Genetic algorithm could help to achieve a more optimal performance of the ensemble classifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel spray drying-assisted self-assembly (SDAS) technology was proposed to prepare submicron elemental explosives with good morphology, uniform dispersion, and low sensitivity and spherical submicron RDX, HMX, and CL-20 particles without soft agglomeration were fabricated via such a method. Structural characterizations and thermal stability of the composites were systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Moreover, safety performance was analyzed by qualitative testing of impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity. The XRD analysis demonstrated that HMX and CL-20 refined by SDAS maintained the crystal structure of β-HMX and ε-CL-20 before and after refinement, whereas the HMX crystal structure after spray recrystallization refinement was transformed from β-HMX to α-HMX. The DSC results indicated that the thermal decomposition peak temperature of the three particles refined by the SDAS technology had a minimum advancement, and the thermal stability of the particles was relatively superior. More importantly, the H50 of the RDX, HMX, and CL-20 refined by this novel method was increased to 48.3 cm, 44.6 cm, and 31.1 cm, and the probability of friction explosion was decreased to 62%, 62%, and 80%, respectively, thus significantly improving the safety performance as compared with the sample refined by spray recrystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the poor stability and adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs, such as gemcitabine, the current effectiveness of traditional chemotherapy is minimal. Some patients also show a low response rate to immunotherapy. Therefore, a novel material PD‐L1‐GEMs is designed and synthesized with targeted specificity. PD‐L1‐GEMs specifically bind to bladder cancer cells. Free gemcitabine cleaved by a phosphatase enters bladder cancer cells through the macropinocytosis pathway and induces cytotoxicity. PD‐L1‐GEMs show good stability, binding specificity, and significant inhibitory effects in vitro. Two bladder tumor models (subcutaneous model and in situ model) show inhibition of growth and progression in PD‐L1‐GEMs treatment, as well as good biosafety in vivo. The PD‐L1 aptamer blocks the binding of PD‐L1 on the tumor cell surface to PD‐1 on T lymphocytes, restoring their immune function, inducing cytokine production and aggregation, and exerting an immune killing role on bladder cancer cells. PD‐L1‐GEMs represent a successful chemotherapy–immunotherapy strategy for bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient copper-catalyzed cyanoalkylation/cyclization strategy was developed for the construc-tion of indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives from 2-aryl-N-methacryloylindoles. The cyclization involved a cascade of radical reactions promoted by commercially available 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or its analogs. This strategy provides a convenient access to a variety of cyanoalkylated indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines in reasonable yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heritability of litter size in sheep is low and controlled by multiple genes, but the research on its related genes is not sufficient. Here, to explore the expression pattern of multi-tissue genes in Chinese native sheep, we selected 10 tissues of the three adult ewes with the highest estimated breeding value in the early study of the prolific Xinggao sheep population. The global gene expression analysis showed that the ovary, uterus, and hypothalamus expressed the most genes. Using the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) cluster analysis, these samples were clustered into eight clusters. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the genes expressed in the spleen, uterus, and ovary were significantly enriched in the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Protein (ATM) signaling pathway, and most genes in the liver, spleen, and ovary were enriched in the immune response pathway. Moreover, we focus on the expression genes of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis (HPO) and found that 11,016 genes were co-expressed in the three tissues, and different tissues have different functions, but the oxytocin signaling pathway was widely enriched. To further explore the differences in the expression genes (DEGs) of HPO in different sheep breeds, we downloaded the transcriptome data in the public data, and the analysis of DEGs (Xinggao sheep vs. Sunite sheep in Hypothalamus, Xinggao sheep vs. Sunite sheep in Pituitary, and Xinggao sheep vs. Suffolk sheep in Ovary) revealed the neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions. In addition, the gene subsets of the transcription factors (TFs) of DEGs were identified. The results suggest that 51 TF genes and the homeobox TF may play an important role in transcriptional variation across the HPO. Altogether, our study provided the first fundamental resource to investigate the physiological functions and regulation mechanisms in sheep. This important data contributes to improving our understanding of the reproductive biology of sheep and isolating effecting molecular markers that can be used for genetic selection in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the protein component of telomerase complex. Evidence has accumulated showing that the nontelomeric functions of TERT are independent of telomere elongation. However, the mechanisms governing the interaction between TERT and its target genes are not clearly revealed. The biological functions of TERT are not fully elucidated and have thus far been underestimated. To further explore these functions, we investigated TERT interaction networks using multiple bioinformatic databases, including BioGRID, STRING, DAVID, GeneCards, GeneMANIA, PANTHER, miRWalk, mirTarBase, miRNet, miRDB, and TargetScan. In addition, network diagrams were built using Cytoscape software. As competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are endogenous transcripts that compete for the binding of microRNAs (miRNAs) by using shared miRNA recognition elements, they are involved in creating widespread regulatory networks. Therefore, the ceRNA regulatory networks of TERT were also investigated in this study. Interestingly, we found that the three genes PABPC1, SLC7A11, and TP53 were present in both TERT interaction networks and ceRNAs target genes. It was predicted that TERT might play nontelomeric roles in the generation or development of some rare diseases, such as Rift Valley fever and dyscalculia. Thus, our data will help to decipher the interaction networks of TERT and reveal the unknown functions of telomerase in cancer and aging-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screen-printed copper oxide (CuO) and CuO/few-layer graphene on graphite electrodes were used to fabricate the ultrasensitive nonenzymatic glucose biosensors. Flower-like CuO and flower-like CuO/few-layer graphene composites were prepared by screen-printing method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HETEM). On the basis of their cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry results, it was concluded that the addition of graphene to CuO significantly improved the performance of the fabricated glucose sensors, exhibiting high and reproducible sensitivity of 3120 μAmM −1 cm −2 with three linear ranges from 4 μM to 13.5 mM and the detection limit of 4 μM (S/N = 3) in a fast response time of 2 s. In addition, the fabricated sensors could effectively avoid the disturbance by interferents, such as Ascorbic Acid (AA), Uric Acid (UA), and Dopamine (DA). Most importantly, the testing results of real blood serum samples demonstrated that the electrodes were applicable and acceptable for the determination of glucose concentrations in human serum. The efficiencies of two non-enzymatic glucose biosensors for glucose determination were comparable with that of a commercial enzymatic sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]