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We investigated the impact of kindergarten organizational climate on teachers' job involvement, and assessed the mediating role of teaching efficacy in this relationship. We conducted a survey with 326 kindergarten teachers and the results revealed a significant positive correlation between kindergarten organizational climate and teachers' job involvement. Furthermore, teaching efficacy played a mediating role in this relationship. Our findings contribute to understanding of the interplay among kindergarten organizational climate, job involvement, and teaching efficacy in the context of early childhood education in China. These insights provide educators with practical understanding for enhancing the job involvement of kindergarten teachers in China and suggest directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We proposed a novel desorption process based on ion exchange for CO 2 sorbents. • The sorbents were demonstrated with high working capacity and improved desorption kinetics. • Key factors of kinetics improvement were discussed among optimization of the OH–/HCO 3 – ratio at inlet, concentration, and external diffusion. • The solution after desorption (ion exchange) could be regenerated through an electrochemical DAC system to utilize renewable energy efficiently. To satisfy the Paris Agreement's 1.5 °C goals, direct air capture (DAC) has become an increasingly crucial technology. However, the ultralow partial pressure of CO 2 in ambient air contributes to a low desorption rate and high regeneration energy consumption. In this study, we proposed a fast regeneration method for CO 2 sorbents based on an ion exchange process. Utilizing an alkaline solution rich in hydroxide (OH–) ions, the quaternary ammonium (QA)-based ion exchange resin can be changed from carbonate (CO 3 2–) to OH– form, which directly captures CO 2 from ambient air. The results showed that the working capacity of the sorbents in the OH– form was 1.85 mmol⋅g−1, which was double that of the CO 3 2– form (0.88 mmol⋅g−1). The kinetics showed that the ratio of OH–/HCO 3 – at inlet, concentration, and external diffusion influence the desorption rate of CO 3 2– because of the ion exchange reaction. With a high ratio of OH–/HCO 3 – at inlet, 1 M alkaline solution, and 3 mL⋅s−1 cyclic flow rate, the desorption time of the sorbents was approximately 20 min. Finally, because the energy consumption of the entire process comprises mainly electric energy required to regenerate the alkaline solution after ion exchange, it is expected to establish an electrochemical DAC system to utilize renewable energy efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The techno-economic analysis including mass balance, energy balance, CO cost, etc, confirmed ICCU better. • The Cost of CO 2 avoided of ICCU is much lower than that of CCU. • H 2 cost was the main contributor to the total cost. Currently, excessive CO 2 emissions have become a global challenge due to their influence on the climate. According to the Paris Agreement, global warming should be limited to 1.5 °C by 2100. Carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) are attractive as they can both reduce CO 2 content and utilise CO 2 as a carbon resource. However, in conventional CCU processes, CO 2 needs first to be extracted and purified for the following utilisation. In contrast, the recently reported Integrated Carbon Capture and Utilisation (ICCU) was designed to realise the overall process in one reactor, where CO 2 is captured by adsorbents (e.g., CaO) and utilised in-situ with the introduction of a reducing agent (e.g., H 2). This ICCU technology can promote CO 2 conversion with fewer intermediate steps, leading to a reduction in overall cost. Energy and economic analysis of ICCU are thus urgently required. According to several recent research, the operational cost of ICCU has been reported to be cheaper than that of CCU. However, a comprehensive view of ICCU is still expected due to further application. This paper focuses on comparing ICCU and conventional CCU processes based on Aspen simulations covering mass balance (i.e., CaCO 3 consumption, purge production, annual CO production), energy balance, the total annual cost and the CO cost, etc. Analysis shows that the ICCU process can produce more CO (1.20 Mt year−1), less purge (0.21 Mt year−1), and less consumption of CaCO 3 (0.62 Mt year−1) with higher energy efficiency (37.1 %) than the CCU process. The results also show that the total annual cost of ICCU is $867.07 million, corresponding to a total cost of CO of $720.25 per tonne. In contrast, CCU has higher costs, with a total annual cost of $1027.61 million and a total cost of CO of $1004.53 per tonne. The Cost of CO 2 Avoided of ICCU (317.11$/ton) is much lower than that CCU (1230.27 $/ton). Therefore, ICCU was confirmed as a better choice for further industrial applications. In addition, H 2 is shown to have a significant influence on economic performance, which remains a challenge for further application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis of Trichosporon fermentans biomass, a type of oleaginous yeast from the fermentation of refined soybean oil wastewater, was studied in the present work. Based on the TG/DTG curves, the activation energy values for the thermal decomposition of Trichosporon fermentans biomass were evaluated by the KAS method (111.69 kJ/mol) and FWO method (116.93 kJ/mol), respectively. The pyrolysis behavior was represented by considering the parallel degradation of four components, namely carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and others, and the fitting degree of the simulated curve was over 0.99. According to the FTIR spectra of the end-products, the increasing hydrocarbons at a temperature around 400 °C indicated the lipid degradation. Biocrude oil was collected from a fixed bed reactor and the chemical composition was characterized by GC-TOF/MS. The yield of hydrocarbons in the bio-oil was identified as being over 28% when the pyrolysis temperature was higher than 500 °C, whilst the content of nitrogen compounds was less than 18%. The fractional yield distributions of the end-products at different pyrolysis temperatures were compared and the maximum yield of bio-oil was achieved (around 42%) at 500 °C. This study proposed a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for the preparation of biofuel from oleaginous yeast pyrolysis. Image 1 • Oleaginous yeast from wastewater treatment was a potential feedstock of pyrolysis. • Activation energy of oleaginous yeast pyrolysis was estimated by KAS and FWO methods. • The simulated DTG was obtained by Gaussian fitting method and R2 > 0.99 at 20 °C/min. • The hydrocarbon content in the bio-oil of oleaginous yeast was greater than 28%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Established a 2D-3D coupled model for moisture-swing DAC. • Optimized DAC module in multi-dimension and determined preferred capture rate. • Designed a DAC array in the context of the Ordos sub-environment. Direct Air Capture (DAC) is crucial for offsetting carbon emissions. Moisture Swing Adsorption (MSA), a DAC method switches between adsorption and desorption through humidity adjustment without relying on heat, offering significant energy-saving potential but lacking engineering solutions. Therefore, using a validated 2D-3D coupled model, a moisture swing DAC array was proposed, and multi-dimensional evaluations were used to optimize the system. Unlike the preferred capture rate around 90 % for post-combustion gas, the ultra-low CO 2 concentration in the air resulted in a different rate range for DAC. Simulation indicated that although the capture rate of DAC could reach 90 %, the trade-off was energy consumption exceeding 3000 kWh/t CO 2 with low adsorbent utilization. Consequently, a detailed evaluation method based on adsorbent utilization, energy consumption and cost analysis optimized the preferred capture rate range to 50–60 %, and the total energy consumption was reduced to 873.55 kWh/t CO 2 , including 276.33 kWh/t CO 2 for capture energy and 597.22 kWh/t CO 2 for vacuum-concentration energy. The lowest cost was $209.17/t CO 2 at the optimal capture rate of 53.91 %. Afterwards, the Ordos Plateau, as a typical preferred sub-environment with abundant wind resources and dry climate, was choose for DAC system deployment study. Wind field simulation determined the layout of a 10000-ton array occupying only 0.298 km2. Finally, based on savings in capture energy due to prevailing winds, regeneration energy savings from the utilization of low-grade waste heat, and the improved performance of the adsorbent itself, it was found that this DAC unit showed great potential to reduce the energy and capture costs to 564.91 kWh/t CO 2 and $140.25/t CO 2 , and at wind speed exceeding 16.8 m/s, the unit switched to passive adsorption, further reducing energy consumption to 408.89 kWh/t CO 2 , with the minimum fix investment estimated at 21.71 million USD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural morphology and surface features of torrefied cornstalk are investigated under the given torrefaction temperatures of 250 °C, 270 °C, or 290 °C and the different atmospheres at Air or N2. The surface functional groups and pore volume distribution tests are conducted experimentally with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and N2 adsorption/desorption methods, respectively. Meanwhile the morphology analysis proceeds by comparing scanning electron microscope images directly. The results show that the adsorption capacity is well developed more than 2 times as the torrefaction process is O2 involving. The adsorption capacity of meso-pores can be enhanced significantly with the rising torrefaction temperature. The experimental data indicate that the presence of O2 leads to the complicated microscopic surface morphology and varies the adsorption/desorption characteristics of the torrefied cornstalk, obviously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fabrication method of solid adsorbent suitable for large-scale deployment was proposed. • Easy-to-operate method for improving the hydrophobicity of adsorbents was presented. • Moisture tolerance of adsorbents were enhanced after doping hydrophobic carrier. • CO 2 adsorption performance of modified adsorbents at high humidity for DAC were excellent. • Moisture-swing regeneration ability and reusability were established for modified adsorbents. The application of quaternary ammonium-based moisture-swing adsorbent provides an effective strategy for direct air capture (DAC) with low energy consumption of regeneration. This study optimized a fabrication method of shaped adsorbents and a hydrophobicity regulation method by doping polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). Characterization of the shaped adsorbents showed a desirable surface area and pore structure. Experiments of CO 2 adsorption revealed that the adsorbents exhibited excellent CO 2 adsorption capacity (∼0.90 mmol/g) in relative humidity (RH) range of 20 ∼ 85% was enhanced by 160% of that before doping. Meanwhile, a high CO 2 adsorption rate (with a half-time of 3.6 ∼ 3.82 min) at 84.7% RH was displayed. The optimal doping ratio of PVDF was found to be 25% (QAR-25% PVDF). It can effectively release CO 2 with 100% RH, and heat assistance (<60 °C) can be considered for optimal results. QAR-25% PVDF exhibited a cyclic capacity of 0.90 mmol/g after ten cycles, demonstrating its stability and reusability. DFT and microscopic characterization revealed the key role of C-F bond in promoting the hydrophobicity of adsorbents. Meanwhile, the isotherm of H 2 O/CO 2 adsorption illustrated that doping PVDF could effectively reduce the humidity sensitivity of shaped adsorbents and improve CO 2 adsorption rate significantly. Among DAC adsorbents reported previously, the adsorbents developed in this study showed higher functional group efficiency (η QA = 0.89) at high humidity conditions. The fabrication method of shaped adsorbent provides a viable strategy for its large-scale deployment. Doping hydrophobic carriers into the adsorbent material is a simple yet effective way to reduce its humidity sensitivity, enabling it to better adapt to complex environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Modified MOFs by grafting process between metal sites and secondary amines of AEEA. • Carrier with high surface area, pore volume, and low acidity are deemed preferable. • Excellent thermal/cold stability, and kinetics performance in DAC are obtained. • Direct air CO 2 capture cycles with low energy consumption were established. This study aimed to improve the carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture and kinetics performance for direct air capture (DAC) while demonstrating the amine grafting reaction principles and its constraints using N-(2-aminoethyl)ethanolamine (AEEA) to functionalize coordinatively unsaturated metal sites in MIL-100(Fe), UiO-66(Zr), and MIL-100(Cr). Grafting experiments indicated that the grafting process is the reaction between metal sites and secondary amines of AEEA, while MOFs with high surface area and low acidity can effectively promote amine grafting without destroying the active site. Moreover, the adsorbed CO 2 amounts of MF-Cr-AEEA at 400 ppm were 1.91 mmol/g of −25 °C and 2.42 mmol/g of 0 °C, and the structural decomposition temperature exceeded 400 °C, demonstrating excellent thermal and cold stability. As a result of the better crystal and surface structure, the internal heat and mass transfer processes were accelerated, resulting in low semi-adsorption times below 21 min. Moreover, CO 2 capture cycles were established at 25 °C for adsorption and 80 °C for desorption. The results show that the adsorption capacity of MF-Cr-AEEA remained 1.86 mmol/g after seven cycles, demonstrating low renewable energy consumption and high stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]