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Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive technique used to reduce localized body fat mass. The changes in fat percentage have been assessed by many analytical methods, including bioelectrical impedance analysis. The most common effects of cryolipolysis on reducing subcutaneous fat tissue have been addressed but potential changes in biochemical and hematological biomarkers have been not safely approached. This study investigates potential changes in hematological and inflammatory biomarkers following the reduction of body fat mass. A prospective longitudinal approach included a total of 20 participants divided into groups of 5 men and women in each with ages between 25 and 45 years. They were submitted to standard cooling exposure for 60 minutes at -5°C and -10°C with 360° and "shielded" equipment, respectively. The blood samples were analyzed at times T0 (baseline), T1 (2 days), T2 (14 days), T3 (30 days) and T4 (60 days) after the procedure. The percentage of body fat mass were analyzed by bioimpedance at times T0 (baseline), T1(30 days), T2 (60 days), T3 (90 days) and T4 (120 days). No changes in hematological and inflammatory biomarkers serum levels were observed in both temperatures. Bioimpedance analysis revealed a reduction in the percentage of body fat mass only in men, with a decrease of 28 (24.5/29.9) compared to 30 (26.2/33.30) when submitted to -5°C after 120 days. These findings support that cryolipolysis can be considered an effective and safe method for localized body fat reduction without significant changes in blood biochemical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to define the action of lycopene under CT, HDL, LDL and TG and to analyze which sufficient dosages have a positive effect on metabolic markers. Methodology: The investigation was based on the effect of products containing lycopene and its effect on serum metabolic markers of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. For analysis of in vivo studies, studies that met intervention criteria with controlled design, diet or manipulated controlled by crossed or parallel placebo, randomized clinical trial with standardized dosage of lycopene in the treatment and control group and intervention 2= weeks that included total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were included.. Results: It was seen that lycopene plays an important role on metabolic markers, due to its ability to reduce the mechanism of HMG-Coa reductase, decreasing the synthesis of cholesterol and its antioxidant capacity under LDL. Lycopene also modulated the activity of PPAR and LXR, modulating the action of ABCA1, Apoa1 and caveolins, improving HDL synthesis and cholesterol efflux. Dosages with a positive cholesterol effect vary, but are around 26.5 mg of lycopene per day, reported in in vivo studies with cholesterol supplementation. Conclusion: The review suggests the efficacy of lycopene in reducing metabolic markers, thus reducing the risk of atherosclerotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: there is a recent increase in interest in the use of medicinal and phytotherapeutic plants. Objective: to verify the effect of ethanolic extracts from different parts of fruits of two species of the genus Syzygium, on glucose and lipid levels in the blood, using animal models. Results: the bark extract of the seeds of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels proved to be effective in reducing blood glucose levels. This same extract was also effective in lowering blood cholesterol levels. The extract from the seed nuclei of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels and S. paniculatum (Gaertn) were effective in reducing blood triglyceride levels. Extracts from all parts of the fruits of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels and of the seed nuclei of S. paniculatum (Gaertn) prevented weight gain in the animals. Conclusion: in general, the seed extract of both species showed a direct influence on the parameters and characteristics under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lophiosilurus alexandri is a carnivorous freshwater fish endemic of São Francisco basin and an endangered species. In this study, we analysed the chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash and lipid), fatty acid profile, and nutritional quality (atherogenic index, thrombogenecity index, ratio between hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids and ω6/ω3 = ratio) of L. alexandri in lotic (river), lentic (hydroelectric dams) environments, under natural fed, and in laboratory controlled conditions fed with commercial diets. Cultured and lentic fish had significantly higher lipid levels (1.5 and 1.9- fold, respectively) than lotic fish. Lentic L. alexandri had significantly higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels (4×) than cultured or lotic L. alexandri. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were the highest in lentic fish, followed by lotic fish. Lentic fish had greater proportion of fatty acid ω6/ω3 than lotic or cultured fish. The results of this study showed that L. alexandri is a lean fish (1-2% of total lipids) and that the environment has a great influence on the fatty acid profile. These results may be a reference for further studies, primarily as a source of information for conservation L. alexandri through restocking and the development of commercial projects of aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at analyzing the energetic substrate (ES) in the main storage tissues of Steindachneridion parahybae, throughout the reproductive cycle in captivity. Differently from wild, in captivity, feeding is not interrupted during the reproductive period, the females do not spawn spontaneously, and they are sedentary. Adult females were sampled monthly and based on their histology and gonadosomatic index (GSI), ovaries were classified into: previtellogenic (PRV), vitellogenic (VTG), and regression (REG) stages. Ovaries at the VTG stage showed higher protein and lipids levels than at the PRV stage with a positive correlation between these substrates and the GSI. Muscle was the main source of proteins transferred to the ovaries, according to the negative correlation between these organs. Lipids remained unchanged in the liver, which is an important supplier in vitellogenesis, a pattern that probably occurs due to the continuous feeding. Muscular glycogen levels were higher at the VTG and REG than at the PRV stages. Plasma triglycerides were also higher during REG, while glucose levels were more elevated during the VTG stage. These results suggest that with constant food supply, the pattern of deposition of ES in S. parahybae is different from that described for other wild potamodromous species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary intake of fiber present in banana peel and stalk on the blood glucose and lipid profiles of Wistar rats. Methodology: This research was conducted for 65 days to study the influence of diets containing fiber from banana peel (PGF), banana stalks (SFG) and both types of fiber (PSFG), as compared with the control diet (CG), on the glycemic and lipid profile of 24 male Wistar rats, with a mean initial weight of 54.06 g, distributed equally into four groups. The control group (CG) received the AIN diet plus 1% crystalline cholesterol and 0.1% colic acid and the experimental diets were similar to the control group, except for substitution of the fiber source. Results: In the treatment groups (PFG, SFG and PSFG), there was an increase in glycemic, triglyceride and serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels compared with the control group (CG). The levels of VLDL-C were reduced only in the group containing fibers from the peel. Conclusions: Inclusion of dietary fiber from banana peels and stalks, as well as the mixture of both types of fiber, showed effectiveness of use on the lipid profile and the ability to maintain the blood glucose levels of rats fed on diets containing fiber from the peel and the stalk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to advances in recent decades in maternalfoetal and neonatal medicine, a greater survival of preterm infants with progressively smaller birth weight and gestational age is observed, increasing the risk of future morbidities on those infants. Among these morbidities, alterations in growth and metabolism are found. Objective: To analyze the evolution of the growth and the metabolic profile of preterm infants' cohort from birth at six months of corrected age (CA). Methods: A descriptive and prospective study with a sample of 107 mothers and 115 preterm infants at birth and 72 preterm infants and 68 mothers at the end of followup. Growth (body weight, height, cephalic perimeter) was evaluated at six time points. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin of premature infants were assessed during three periods, from birth to 6 months of CA. Comparative analysis of the initial sample and the sample that finished the follow-up was used in chi-square family tests. To Evaluate the growth over the 6-month period by using repeated measurements. Results: Sociodemographic variables and maternal biochemical profile without statistical differences in the comparison of the mothers of the initial sample with those who completed the follow-up. Linear growth of preterm infants at six months of CA, however without recovery of growth. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (birth = 48.1, 6 months = 151.1) and cholesterol (birth = 82.7, 6 months = 139.9) increased during the evaluations. Glycaemia remained stable (birth 80.4, 6 months = 83.3) and insulin decreased from 11.0 to 4.2. Conclusion: Growth of preterm infants, although linear, was lower than expected for age. Lipid profiles presented an ascending curve from birth onward. Therefore, this group is prone to delayed growth and to developing cardiovascular changes throughout life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is characterized by an excessive increase in the adipose tissue mass, and is associated with higher incidence of several chronic metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Therefore, its increasing prevalence is a public health concern, and it is important to better understand its etiology to develop new therapeutic strategies. Evidence accumulated over the years indicates that obesity is associated with a marked activation in adipose tissue of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a signaling pathway that controls lipid metabolism, and adipocyte formation and maintenance. Curiously, mTORC1 is also involved in the control of nonshivering thermogenesis and recruitment as well as browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we explored mTORC1 functions in adipocytes and presented evidence, suggesting that mTORC1 may either increase or reduce adiposity, depending on the conditions and activation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the performance and mortality of piglets from birth to weaning undergoing a diet supplemented with coconut oil, as well as performed the environmental characterization of facilities. The experiment was carried out using pig maternity facilities. The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized block design with two treatments, eight blocks and twelve piglets per experimental unit. The supplemented piglets received 12 ml of coconut oil. Piglets creeps provided stable conditions in the hottest hours of the day for the stalls. The relative humidity remained below the optimal levels for pigs at the hottest times of the day; BGTHI was appropriate for the recommendation of thermal comfort. No effect (p>0.05) of the supplementation with coconut oil on the average daily gain weight of (g/day) of piglets until weaning was reported and the values obtained were 227 g/day and 228 g/day, without the use and the use of coconut oil, respectively. The mortality rate of supplemented piglets 1.66 % and those who did not receive supplementation 5%, showed the importance of coconut oil when taking the production of piglets per sow into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional, lipid and feeding habits of school children in two municipalities in South Brazil are compared. Transversal study analyzed indicators of obesity, lipid profile and feeding habits of school children, aged between 7 and 17 years, in Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brazil, and Chapecó SC Brazil. Difference (p<0.05) in overweight/obesity (37.0% Chapecó vs 29.2% Santa Cruz do Sul) and high waist circumference (34.8% Chapecó vs 21.2% Santa Cruz do Sul); triglycerides (41.4%) and HDL-C (23.5%) showed higher rates in Chapecó (p<0.001); total cholesterol (56.1%), LDL-C (36.4%) and glycaemia (8.7%) were higher in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Chapecó had a high input of fruit (16.8% infrequent) and sweets (41.3% frequent) contrasting with beans/rice (57.0% daily), soft drinks (24.4% daily) and snacks (24.0% daily) in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Results show that differences in nutritional profile existed between the two municipalities and, consequently, health indicators vary within different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV infection is associated with anemia and with changes in the profile of lipids in HIV-infected people. Current retrospective study described the prevalence of anemia and changes in lipid levels in pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and was performed with 117 pregnant women who were using antiretroviral therapy in prenatal clinics, between 2010 and 2012, through secondary data. The prevalence of anemia reached 45.6%, although no one had severe anemia. There was a progressive increase in total cholesterol (p<0.001), HDL (p=0.05), LDL (p<0.001) and triglycerides (p<0.001), with greater increase in triglycerides levels throughout pregnancy. Monitoring anemia and lipid levels during pregnancy is crucial for early interventions since undesirable complications and unwanted results are avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review to discuss the relationship between fat protected in the rumen and the profile of fatty acids of goat milk. Goat's milk is a food that should be highlighted to provide nutrients essential for good functioning of the body, however, the use of it in food presents restrictions for the presence of fatty acids associated with health problems related to eating disorders. Unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids have positive effects on the occurrence of diseases, while saturated fatty acids have been described as triggering factor for disease in humans. The use of protected fat in ruminant feed improve the profile of fatty acids of goat milk, as it allows a suplly greater of fatty acids into the intestine and mammary gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four types of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for all shrimp species, linoleic (LOA, 18:2n-6), alfa-linolenic (ALA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n-3) acids. Moreover, the arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), even when present, seems to be, in crustaceans, not so important or yet dispensable. It is relevant knowing that cholesterol as much as PUFA are not well absorbed when not followed by a substantial amount of lecithin, reaching 5% of the ration. The sum of PUFA reaches around 3% of the diet, even varying according to the species, stage and ration type. For Penaeus monodon, a complex mathematic model was formulated in order to describe the relationships between the requirements of the cited PUFA. Industries involved with feed production on this segment must possess its own adaptation for another species. On the other hand, biochemical knowledge on PUFA n-3 series compounds functions are yet very delayed in comparison to the advances on pharmaceutical industry that investigates the n-6 series, with its prevalence in humans. In this review, the term PUFA is generically used to include ALA, LOA, DPA, EPA, ARA and DHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with natural or rúmen-protected lipid source on plasma cortisol concentration, animal reactivity and stress of feedlot cattle. One hundred and twenty Nellore bulls (366.9 ± 28.7), male, raised on pasture were distributed in a completely randomized design with measures repeated over time. There were three treatments: Control - without additional fat source; GDESP - with natural fat source based on cottonseed byproducts; and GPROT - with rúmen-protected polyunsaturated fat acid. Blood samples were collected before to boarding of animals (day 0) and after transport to the feedlot, on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. There was significant effect (p<0.05) between temperament and day of analysis, as well as levels of cortisol and day of collection and treatment the animals received. On boarding day (day 0), the mean score of reactivity was lower (p<0.05). On the day of landing (day 1), the animals showed less reactive (p<0.05). In the following collection (days 3, 7 and 14), there was a progressive increase in mean scores for reactivity. The treatment did not influence the reactivity of animals. In relation to cortisol, the results were similar to reactivity. There was an effect (p<0.05) between treatments with inclusion of protected fat and fat from natural sources, and the control group. Animals receiving lipids in the diet had lower cortisol levels compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze levels of total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats of empanadas sold in school snack bars, compared to their nutritional information. Methods: A total of 14 chicken, chicken with cream cheese, four cheeses, and Calabrian sausage empanadas sold in school snack bars in downtown Florianopolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, were analyzed. The total fat content (by Soxleth extraction) and fatty acids profile (by gas chromatography), were determined. The results obtained were compared with the nutritional information in their respective labels. Results: All samples presented the obligatory nutritional labeling; however, there were some irregularities, according to the legislation (particularly in relation with trans fats). Hydrogenated vegetable fat, a source of trans fats, was the most cited ingredient in ingredient lists. Analysis results present levels of (g/40g serving) of: total fat 2.7-6.4; saturated fat 0.61-2.9; monounsaturated fat 0.82-2.5; polyunsaturated fat 0.33-0.84; trans fats 0.51-2.1. All of the nine samples declaring zero trans fats per serving had levels above 0.2g/serving, beyond the permitted limit to be considered zero trans food. Conclusion: The analyzed empanadas showed nutritional information inconsistent with the norm, which harms the healthy choice of food. Additionally, high amounts of trans fats and low percentages of polyunsaturated fats point towards an inadequacy of fats in these foods. The results serve as warning against the nutritional quality of foods sold in school environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify biological and psychosocial factors associated with dropout in a multidisciplinary behavioral intervention in obese adolescents. Methods: A total of 183 adolescents (15.4±1.6 years), pubertal (Tanner stage 3 or 4) and obese (34.7±4.0kg/m²), were enrolled in a 12-week behavioral intervention, which included clinical consultations (monthly), nutritional and psychological counseling (once a week), and supervised aerobic training (three times/week). The studied variables were weight, height, body mass index, body composition (skinfold), cardiorespiratory fitness (direct gas analysis), blood lipids and self-reported symptoms of eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia and binge eating), anxiety, depression, body image dissatisfaction and quality of life. Statistical analysis included binary logistic regression and independent t-tests. Results: Of the adolescents, 73.7% adhered to the program. The greatest chance for dropout was observed among adolescents older than 15 years (odds ratio of 0.40; 95%CI: 0.15-0.98), with more anorexia symptoms (odds ratio of 0.35; 95%CI: 0.14-0.86) and hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio of 0.40; 95%CI: 0.16-0.91) at baseline. Conclusion: Older adolescents, with more symptoms of eating disorders and total cholesterol have less chance to adhere to multidisciplinary treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to identify the phases of water absorption during germination of Carica papaya seeds and evaluate the influence of alternating temperature and accelerated aging on mobilization of reserves during germination. Weight gain was evaluated, obtaining the imbibition curve. Phase I of germination comprises the period from zero to five hours; phase II, from five to 120 hours; and phase III begins after 144 hours. Seeds were subjected to the germination test under temperatures of 25 ºC and of 20-30 ºC (16/8 h), and before and after accelerated aging (43 °C / 72 h). During the germination test, at initial time, after 4, 10, 120, and 240 hours of soaking, we determined the levels of soluble sugars, starch, lipids, and total proteins. Greater germination was observed under alternating temperature. Under this condition, there is reduction of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in phase I, and fluctuations in lipid levels, and an increase in protein levels during phases II and III. Mobilization of lipids in papaya seeds is not influenced by accelerated aging, but the seeds subjected to aging have lower protein content in phase III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants and serum lipid profiles, including levels and fractions of total serum cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and triglycerides (TG). Methods: Genotyping of APOE-HhaI was performed in 134 patients (study group, SG) and 164 individuals without AMD (control group, CG), aged 50-89 years. Lipid profiles were analyzed in a subgroup of 30 subjects of both groups, matched according to age and sex. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: APOE E3/E3 was more prevalent (SG=74.6%; CG=77.4%), with no difference between both groups (P=0.667). The same result was observed for risk genotypes (APOE E -/2: SG=7.4%; CG=10.3%, P=0.624). Serum levels of TC, LDLc, and TG revealed similar median values between SG (193.5, 116, and 155 mg/dL, respectively) and CG (207.5, 120, and 123.5 mg/dL, respectively; P >0.05). For HDLc, a higher median value was observed in SG (53.3 mg/dL) versus CG (42.5 mg/dL; P=0.016). Logistic regression analysis showed the same value, and the HDLc/TC ratio was -11.423 (P=0.014), as also confirmed by an increase in HDLc in SG. The association between lipid profiles and apolipoprotein E genotypes was similar in both groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: APOE-HhaI is not associated with AMD. However, an increase in serum HDLc level appears to exert a protective effect against the disease, irrespective of the genetic variants of apoE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of different unsaturated fatty acids supplementation sources on digestive metabolism, including nutrient intake and total tract digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and ruminal fermentation in lactating dairy cows. Twelve Holstein mid lactating cows (580±20 kg of body weight; mean±SD, with average of 128 days in milk, and milk yield of 25 kg/d), were assigned randomly into three 4x4 Latin squares, fed the following diets: 1) control (CO); 2) refined soybean oil (SO); 3) whole raw soybean (WS) and; 4) calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (CSFA). Milk yields were 26.6; 26.4; 24.1 and 25.7 for cows fed CO, SO, WS and CSFA, respectively. Cows fed SO, WS and CSFA had lesser intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, TC, NFC and TDN than cows fed CO. Animals fed unsaturated fatty acids supplementation had higher DM and EE digestibility, when compared to cows fed CO. Fatty acids supplementation increased ruminal pH and decreased NH3-N concentrations, when compared to animals fed CO. Daily allantoin excretion, uric acid, milk allantoin, total purine derivatives, absorbed purines, microbial nitrogen, and microbial efficiency did not differ among cows fed different experimental diets. Diets with whole raw soybeans and soybean oil improved digestive metabolism and increased the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids in milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the relation between oxidative stress and lipid profile in patients with different types of cancer. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional. A total of 58 subjects were evaluated, 33 males, divided into two groups of 29 patients each: Group 1, patients with cancer of the digestive tract and accessory organs; Group 2 patients with other types of cancers, all admitted to a public hospital. The plasma levels (lipoproteins and total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, for example) were analyzed by enzymatic kits, and oxidative stress based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, by assessing the formation of malondialdehyde. Results: In general the levels of malondialdehyde of patients were high (5.00μM) as compared to 3.31μM for healthy individuals. The median values of lipids exhibited normal triacylglycerol (138.78±89.88mg/dL), desirable total cholesterol values (163.04±172.38mg/dL), borderline high LDL (151.30±178.25mg/dL) and low HDL (31.70±22.74mg/dL). Median HDL levels in Group 1 were lower (31.32mg/dL) than the cancer patients in Group 2 (43.67mg/dL) (p=0.038). Group 1 also showed higher levels of oxidative stress (p=0.027). Conclusion: The lipid profile of patients with cancer was not favorable, which seems to have contributed to higher lipid peroxidation rate, generating a significant oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tabebuia roseoalba (Ridl.) Sandwith is a Brazilian forest species, with great use in landscaping and reforestation, occurring mainly in the semi-deciduous forest. Seeds are small, lightweight, winged and wind-dispersed. The objective of this study was to verify the physiological quality and biochemical changes in T. roseoalba seeds during 24-month storage. The following were assessed: germination, emergence, seedling length and seedling dry weight, content of lipids, proteins and phenolic compounds, and enzyme activity. Loss of seed quality during storage was evidenced by reduced germination and emergence, shorter seedling length and lower seedling dry weight, decreased content of lipids and proteins, decreased peroxidase and catalase activity, and increased phenolic compound content and polyphenol oxidase activity. Seeds should be stored and used within six months after collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O diabete mellitus (DM) é uma doença multifatorial que acomete diversos sistemas corporais com complicações teciduais e vasculares. Diversas hipóteses bioquímicas estão implicadas na indução das complicações tardias da diabete, como: radicais livres, rota dos polióis e glicação não enzimática de proteínas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi correlacionar o perfil lipídico e lipoperoxidação em indivíduos diabéticos. Realizou-se uma análise do perfil lipídico de 30 pacientes diabéticos do tipo 2, com uma média de 4 anos da evolução da doença. Analisou-se a concentração sanguínea de glicose, colesterol total, HDLc, LDLc, VLDLc, triglicerídeos, hemoglobina glicada e peroxidação lipídica (TBARS). Encontrou-se uma forte correlação entre a concentração de triglicerídeos, colesterol total e VLDLc com o dano oxidativo e uma fraca correlação com colesterol LDLc e HDLc. A análise dos resultados mostra uma forte correlação da lipoperoxidação lipídica com o perfil lipídico dos pacientes que pode reafirmar a necessidade de monitoramento dos lipídios plasmáticos como forma de prevenir complicações tardias inerentes ao diabete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the effects of a 20-week concurrent training on the variables of body composition, lipid profile, and fatty liver diagnosis in obese adolescents. Methods: An open clinical trial was carried out with 34 obese adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years. Total body fat, trunk fat mass, total cholesterol and its fractions (HDL, LDL and VLDL), and triglycerides were analyzed; an upper abdominal ultrasound was performed in order to diagnose fatty liver. The participants underwent concurrent training (association of weight training with aerobic training) three times per week, lasting one hour for 20 weeks. Statistical analysis included paired Student's t-test and frequency analysis in order to verify the relative and absolute reductions of fatty liver diagnosis, being significant p<0.05. Results: The studied adolescents showed statistically significant improvement in body composition, with a decrease of total body fat percentage, total fat mass, trunk fat, and an a increase in the lean body mass. They also presented reduced size of liver lobes, decrease in total cholesterol and in LDL-cholesterol, with a lower prevalence of fatty liver. Conclusions: The concurrent training was effective for promoting significant improvements in body fat composition and lipid profile variables, besides reducing fatty liver prevalence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients in sheep fed with diets containing different amounts of linseed meal. The treatments evaluated were: corn silage exclusive (control); corn silage + concentrate; corn silage + concentrate + 5% of linseed meal; corn silage + concentrate + 10% of linseed meal. The dry matter (DM) intake has increased in diets containing concentrated if compared to diet exclusively with corn silage (P<0.05), however, there was no effect of the inclusion of linseed meal in diets (0; 5 and 10%). As it was expected, the diets containing 5 and 10% of linseed meal resulted in an increase of ether extract (EE) intake. A higher apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the animals fed with diets containing the concentrate was observed, independently of linseed meal proportion. According to the experimental conditions under which the experiment was developed, itis recommended to provide the diets containing until 5% of linseed meal, because there is no negative effect on dry matter and nutrients intake, as well as on apparent digestibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between total mortality, lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers, and their implications with aging and longevity are often controversial. Among the most often studied markers are low HDL cholesterol and high C-reactive protein. Particularly in octogenarians, it is expected that the impact of the inclusion of HDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein will improve the stratification of absolute cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we performed a literature review in PubMed about the relation between HDL cholesterol, inflammation and longevity. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted, we selected 30 studies, among which one systematic review on the relation between HDL cholesterol and stroke, one metaanalysis on the relation between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol with mortality, 22 longitudinal studies, and six cross-sectional studies. The results show an inverse association between HDL cholesterol and total mortality, and between cardiovascular mortality and C-reactive protein, as well as a positive association between C-reactive protein and mortality in longevous individuals. C-reactive protein and HDL cholesterol displayed promising characteristics as predictors of cardiovascular mortality in longevous elderly persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate the possibility of including Castor or Licuri oil at two levels in the diets of crossbred Moxotó goat's through dry matter intake, digestibility and levels of urea, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood. The treatments consisted of control groups without oil, 3% or 5% of Licuri (LO-3 or LO-5) or Castor (CO-3 or CO-5) oil, based on dry matter supplementation. Ten Moxotó lactating goats were used according to a double Latin Square (5 x 5) experiment design. The addition of oil to the diet reduced the dry matter intake, except for animals that were supplemented with CO-3. However, the addition of 3% of oil didn't alter the intake of metabolizable energy and crude protein. The animals supplemented with LO-5 oil showed smaller nutrients intake, except for ether extract intake. The lipid supplement didn't alter the dry matter digestibility, however increased the NDF digestibility the CP and EE apparent digestibility. There was no difference among the glucose levels, urea and NEFA in the blood. It is possible to use 3 %Castor oil in the diet of lactating goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Older adults are more likely to develop peripheral vascular disease with decreased blood flow to the lower limbs. High triglyceride levels are associated with atherosclerosis. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the lipid profile and the ankle brachial index (ABI) in older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 84 patients (= 60 years) of both genders. Evaluations were carried out with data of individuals, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), ABI and biochemical tests (triglyceride, total cholesterol and fractions). We used the Kolmogorav-Smirnov normality test. For statistical analysis of the variables we used the Pearson and Spearman correlation test p <0.05. Results: The participants showed age of 69.3 ± 5.9 years, 66 female and 18 male. Body mass index was 27.24 ± 4.4 kg/m2, systolic BP 125.24 ± 16.36 mmHg and diastolic BP 70.86 ± 10.35 mmHg, total cholesterol 194.6 ± 40.71 mg/dl, LDL 114.85 ± 36,89 mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol 50.15 (15.08) mg/dl, triglycerides 130.80 (70.32) mg/dl and ABI 1.07 ± 0.12. There was a correlation between triglycerides and the ABI (r = - 0.25, p = 0.01). No correlation was found between ABI and total cholesterol (r = - 0.05, p = 0.59), LDL cholesterol (r = 0.005; p = 0.96) and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.12; p = 0.25). Conclusion: The results indicate that there was a correlation between triglycerides and ABI of the older adults, this being a risk factor for the development of peripheral vascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]