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Solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion thorugh photocatalytic technology has garnered significant attention due to its potential for clean hydrogen pro duction, pollutant degradation, and carbon dioxide reduction. However, its relatively low solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency hinders its industrial development. External fields have currently emerged as a supplementary energy source to augment the overall catalytic efficiency. Recently, the photocatalytic performance has been considerably enhanced through magnetic field modulation, which promotes the separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers. This article systematically reviews the recent research progress of magnetic field–assisted photocatalysis, discussing phenomena such as the negative magnetoresistance effect, Lorentz force, and spin polarization. It comprehensively analyzes the effect of magnetic fields on critical processes in photocatalysis: light absorption, charge‐carrier separation, and surface reactions. In particular, this review focuses on the spin‐relaxation mechanism, explains how the electron lifetime is extended through spin polarization, and proposes design strategies for spin‐polarized materials. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and potential opportunities for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. The ultimate objective of this review is to offer notable theoretical and experimental insights that can guide the design and development of high‐performance photocatalysts and photocatalytic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structure of the strongly correlated electron system plutonium hexaboride is studied by using single‐particle approximations and a many‐body approach. Imaginary components of impurity Green's functions show that 5fj=5/2 and 5fj=7/2 manifolds are in conducting and insulating regimes, respectively. Quasi‐particle weights and their ratio suggest that the intermediate coupling mechanism is applicable for Pu 5f electrons, and PuB6 might be in the orbital‐selective localized state. The weighted summation of occupation probabilities yields the interconfiguration fluctuation and average occupation number of 5f electrons n5f ~ 5.101. The interplay of 5f–5f correlation, spin‐orbit coupling, Hund's exchange interaction, many‐body transition of 5f configurations, and final state effects might be responsible for the quasiparticle multiplets in electronic spectrum functions. Prominent characters in the density of state, such as the coexistence of atomic multiplet peaks in the vicinity of the Fermi level and broad Hubbard bands in the high‐lying regime, suggest that PuB6 could be identified as a Racah material. Finally, the quasiparticle band structure is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cucujiformia, with remarkable morphological, ecological, and behavioral diversity, is the most evolutionarily successful group within Coleoptera. However, the phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies within Cucujiformia remain elusive. To address the issues, we conducted a transcriptome‐based macro‐evolutionary study of this lineage. We sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of three species from the superfamily Curculionoidea (two from Curculionidae and one from Brentidae), and obtained a data set of more than 569 990 amino acid alignments from 143 species of Cucujiformia. With the most complete collection of whole genomes and transcriptomes so far, we compared the performance of different data matrices with universal‐single‐copy orthologs (USCO). The resultant trees based on different data sets were consistent for the majority of deep nodes. Two USCO amino acid matrices (i.e., USCO75 and USCO750‐abs80) provided well‐resolved topology. The analyses confirm that Cucujoidea sensu Robertson et al. 2015 is a nonmonophyletic group, consisting of Erotyloidea, Nitiduloidea, and Cucujoidea sensu Cai et al. 2022. Moreover, Erotyloidea is the early‐diverging group, followed by the clade Nitiduloidea. The preferred topologies supported a “basal” split of Coccinelloidea from the remaining superfamilies, and Cleroidea formed the second splitting group. The following phylogeny was supported at the superfamily level in Cucujiformia: (Coccinelloidea, (Cleroidea, ((Lymexyloidea, Tenebrionoidea), (Erotyloidea, (Nitiduloidea, (Cucujoidea, (Chrysomeloidea, Curculionoidea))))))). Our comprehensive analyses recovered well‐resolved higher‐level phylogenetic relationships within the Cucujiformia, providing a stable framework for comprehending its evolutionary history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a multi-product, multi-criteria supply–demand network equilibrium model with capacity constraints and uncertain demands. Strict network equilibrium principles are proposed both in the case of a single criterion and multi-criteria, respectively. Based on a single criterion, it proves that strict network equilibrium flows are equivalent to vector variational inequalities, and the existence of strict network equilibrium flows is derived by virtue of the Fan–Browder fixed point theorem. Based on multi-criteria, the scalarization of strict network equilibrium flows is given by using Gerstewitz's function without any convexity assumptions. Meanwhile, the necessary and sufficient conditions of strict network equilibrium flows are derived in terms of vector variational inequalities. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the derived theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of porous organic–organic hybrid materials controlled by self-assembly of metal atoms and organic pillars, are attracting considerable interest because of their specific properties. More recently, the advantages of different types of nanoscale metal–organic frameworks for the use of MOF nanoparticles in stomatology have been reported in the literature. This article covers the treatment of oral cancer, surface modification of implants, antibacterial dressings, and treatment of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. It presents recent applications, future challenges, and prospects for MOFs in stomatology in four areas. It provides an overview of recent advances in the design and application of MOFs in stomatology from their intrinsic properties to different syntheses and their use as smart drug delivery systems or a combination of these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to refine the understanding of the optimal choice between different cage shapes in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) by systematically comparing perioperative data, radiological outcomes, clinical results, and complications associated with banana-shaped and straight bullet cages. Methods: A meticulous literature search encompassing PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, China Knowledge Network, and Wanfang Data was executed up to October 5, 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on studies comparing banana-shaped and straight bullet cages in TLIF. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools such as the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for nonrandomized studies. Rigorous evaluations were performed for radiographic outcomes, including disc height (DH), segmental lordosis (SL), lumbar lordosis (LL), subsidence, and fusion rates. Clinical outcomes were meticulously evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and complications. Results: The analysis incorporated 7 studies, involving 573 patients (297 with banana-shaped cages, 276 with straight cages), all with NOS ratings exceeding 5 stars. No statistically significant differences were observed in operative time, blood loss, or hospitalization between the 2 cage shapes. Banana-shaped cages exhibited greater changes in DH (p = 0.001), SL (p = 0.02), and LL (p = 0.01). Despite statistically higher changes in ODI for straight cages (26.33, p < 0.0001), the actual value remained similar to banana-shaped cages (26.15). Both cage types demonstrated similar efficacy in VAS, complication rates, subsidence, and fusion rates. Conclusion: Although banana-shaped cages can excel in restoring DH, SL, and LL, straight bullet cages can provide comparable functional improvements, pain relief, and complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology has become an important research tool for targeted mutagenesis in plants. However, the construction of mutants in the model legume Medicago truncatula remains challenging as it requires the combination of an efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing system for explants and specific tissue culture techniques for regeneration to whole plants. Here, we describe the construction of M. truncatula mutants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of leaf explants. Regeneration to whole plants was performed at high efficiency (80%), and a gene editing efficiency of up to 70% was reached in the obtained plants. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing was achieved for three M. truncatula genes. Three mutant lines with knockout mutations in the LysM receptor kinase gene MtLYK10 were further characterized. Inoculation experiments with nitrogen-fixing Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria indicated that root nodule formation was impaired in the constructed MtLYK10 mutants. In conclusion, we show that the described CRISPR/Cas9 system is suitable for efficient gene editing in M. truncatula and that MtLYK10 plays a role in nodule symbiosis. CRISPR/Cas9 systems are commonly used for plant genome editing; however, the generation of homozygous mutant lines in Medicago truncatula remains challenging. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9-based protocol that allows the efficient generation of M. truncatula mutants. Gene editing was performed for the LysM receptor kinase gene MtLYK10 and two major facilitator superfamily transporter genes. The functionality of CRISPR/Cas9 vectors was tested in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by editing a co-transformed GUSPlus gene. Transformed M. truncatula leaf explants were regenerated to whole plants at high efficiency (80%). An editing efficiency (frequency of mutations at a given target site) of up to 70% was reached in the regenerated plants. Plants with MtLYK10 knockout mutations were propagated, and three independent homozygous mutant lines were further characterized. No off-target mutations were identified in these lyk10 mutants. Finally, the lyk10 mutants and wild-type plants were compared with respect to the formation of root nodules induced by nitrogen-fixing Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria. Nodule formation was considerably delayed in the three lyk10 mutant lines. Surprisingly, the size of the rare nodules in mutant plants was higher than in wild-type plants. In conclusion, the symbiotic characterization of lyk10 mutants generated with the developed CRISPR/Cas9 protocol indicated a role of MtLYK10 in nodule formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A many‐body calculation is implemented on a strongly correlated metal Ce3Pb by density functional theory plus dynamical mean‐field theory, including 4f−4f electron correlation, 4f‐conduction electron hybridization and relativistic effects. Calculation results suggest that j = 5/2 and j = 7/2 manifolds are in partially filled and empty states, respectively. Negligible contributions of 4 f°, 4f2, and 4f3 configurations give the occupation number of 4f electrons n4f about 1.0, indicating the high 4f localization in Ce3Pb above T = 300 K, in accord with the Bader charge analysis, electron localization function and charge density difference. The detailed analysis of the spectra features yields the quasi‐particle peak, Kondo resonance peak as well as Hubbard bands close to Fermi level. Finally, the quasi‐particle band structure is estimated to compare with the potential angle‐resolved photoemission spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems have been reported, and parents of young children may be more vulnerable to psychological distress due to increased caregiving responsibilities. However, research on the heterogeneity of the longitudinal course of psychological symptoms during the pandemic and the predispositions linked with these courses is still scarce. This study aimed to identify differential trajectories of depressive symptoms among the parents of young children and investigate the role of temperament traits, alexithymia, and coping styles in the heterogeneity of the symptom trajectories. Methods: The sample consists of 844 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Latent growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms from pre-pandemic between 2014 and 2019 (T0, the closest available measurement was used) to May/June 2020 (T1) and December 2020 (T2) during the pandemic. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine temperament, alexithymia, and coping as predictors of symptom trajectories, controlling for various background factors. Results: Four trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified. Most parents experienced low and stable depressive symptoms. Negative affect, effortful control, alexithymia, emotion-diverting coping (self-distraction and venting), and avoidant coping (denial and behavioral disengagement) were predictors for subclinical stable depressive symptoms. Constructive coping (positive reframing, acceptance, and humor) protected the cohort parents from increasing or moderately high depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The findings have implications for identifying vulnerable individuals with specific traits and strengthening of constructive coping strategies as possible foci in interventions for depression during global crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic properties in particular the occupation number of 5f electrons and the valence state of Am ions in americium trichloride (AmCl3) are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) merged with dynamical mean‐field theory (DMFT). We find that j = 5/2, j = 7/2 manifolds both are in the insulating regimes, resulting in the semiconducting band gap of about 0.837 eV, together with the weak Am 5f‐conduction electrons hybridization and the localized 5f‐derived spectra feature in the vicinity of the Fermi level. The weighted summation for the occupation probabilities of 5fn (n = 3–7) atomic configurations suggests that 5f electrons have the inter‐configuration fluctuation with an average occupation number of 5f electrons n5f ~ 5.182, corresponding to the valence state of Am3.818+ in AmCl3. The 5fn‐mixing‐driven inter‐configuration fluctuation might originate from the complicated quantum mechanics processes such as the dual nature of 5f electrons and the flexible electronic configuration of Am ions. Finally, the so‐called quasiparticle band structure is also predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of electron temperature (Te), electron density (Ne) in a remote N2 plasma was studied with the help of emission spectroscopy, Langmuir probe diagnostic techniques. The results show that the characteristic peaks were concentrated in the spectral range of 280–440 nm, whereas NIII spectral lines were dominant. The Te varies with RF power, gas pressure and axial distance. The electronic temperature decreases as the RF power rises from 20 to 100 W. When the pressure increases from 15 to 35 Pa, the Te increases at first and then decreases. For the given RF power and pressure, the Te in the discharge area increases and the Te in the remote area decreases with the increase of the axial distance. The Ne in the remote N2 plasma was of the order of 10E15cm−3. The Ne increases when the RF power increases and decreases with the increase of the pressure and axial distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Herein, a soft-template strategy involving the cationic surfactants has been successfully applied to size-controlled synthesis of hierarchical porous Fe-N/C for the first time. Specifically, a small amount of Fe and cationic surfactants can be uniformly doped into the zinc-based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-8) crystal particles and the cationic surfactants play a critical role in the formation of hierarchically porous Fe-ZIF-8@surfactant precursors. When the Fe-ZIF-8@surfactant is subsequently pyrolyzed, atomically dispersed Fe-N x coordination structures can be in-situ converted to Fe-N/C, while the cationic surfactants decompose to form a carbon matrix to encapsulate the active sites, thereby preventing the aggregation of nanoparticles to a certain extent. As a result, the combined Fe nanocrystals and atomically dispersed Fe-N x in the graphitic carbon matrix generate a synergistic effect to boost the electrocatalytic behaviors with a more positive half-wave potential (0.92 V) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and a lower overpotential (420 mV at 10 mA cm−2) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). As a proof of concept, the Fe-N/C@TTAB based zinc-air batteries (ZABs) present an outstanding peak power density (107.9 mW cm−2) and a superior specific capacity (706.3 mAh g−1) with robust cycling stability over 900 cycles for 150 h, which are better than the commercial Pt/C + IrO 2 based ZABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has been posing widespread influence on mental well-being. However, research on the dynamic relations between alcohol use and psychological symptoms in the context of the pandemic and the role of alexithymic traits in predicting the development of mental health problems longitudinally remains scarce. Latent profile and transition analyses were conducted to model the longitudinal patterns of transitions in the profiles of alcohol use and psychological symptoms across 10 months during the pandemic (from May 2020 to March 2021) and to investigate the role of alexithymia and its dimensions Difficulty Identifying and Describing Feelings (DIF and DDF), and Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT) in 720 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Three profiles, Risky Drinking , Distressed Non-Risky Drinking , and Non-Distressed , Non-Risky Drinking , and their transitions were identified. The role of alexithymia appeared to be stronger in Risky Drinking than Non-Distressed , Non-Risky Drinking. DIF predicted the development of symptoms in Risky Drinking , whereas DDF predicted Risky Drinking remaining stable over time and showed a trend towards psychological distress in Risky Drinking and Non-Distressed , Non-Risky Drinking. EOT was more likely to be a risk factor for Risky Drinking remaining constant and Non-Distressed , Non-Risky Drinking becoming Risky Drinking. This study was mainly limited by the generalizability of the findings. Our findings add deeper insights into the longitudinal development of alcohol use and psychological symptoms as well as evidence on the role of alexithymia in shaping mental health, providing implications for tailoring clinical preventive and therapeutic measures. • Transitions in three profiles of alcohol use and psychological symptoms emerge. • Role of alexithymia per se may be weak but stronger interacting with alcohol use. • Difficulty identifying feelings predicts drinkers developing psychological symptoms. • Difficulty describing feelings seems to be related to both alcohol use and symptoms. • Externally oriented thinking is a risk factor for developing problematic drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus, and hypoviruses are excellent models for examining fungal pathogenesis and virus–host interactions. Increasing evidence suggests that lysine acetylation plays a regulatory role in cell processes and signalling. To understand protein regulation in C. parasitica by hypoviruses at the level of posttranslational modification, a label‐free comparative acetylome analysis was performed in the fungus with or without Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) infection. Using enrichment of acetyl‐peptides with a specific anti‐acetyl‐lysine antibody, followed by high accuracy liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, 638 lysine acetylation sites were identified on 616 peptides, corresponding to 325 unique proteins. Further analysis revealed that 80 of 325 proteins were differentially acetylated between C. parasitica strain EP155 and EP155/CHV1‐EP713, with 43 and 37 characterized as up‐ and down‐regulated, respectively. Moreover, 75 and 65 distinct acetylated proteins were found in EP155 and EP155/CHV1‐EP713, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially acetylated proteins were involved in various biological processes and were particularly enriched in metabolic processes. Differences in acetylation in C. parasitica citrate synthase, a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were further validated by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Site‐specific mutagenesis and biochemical studies demonstrated that the acetylation of lysine‐55 plays a vital role in the regulation of the enzymatic activity of C. parasitica citrate synthase in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide a valuable resource for the functional analysis of lysine acetylation in C. parasitica, as well as improving our understanding of fungal protein regulation by hypoviruses from a protein acetylation perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic‐inorganic lead halide perovskite are promising photovoltaic materials, but their intrinsic defects and crystalline quality severely deteriorate the solar cells efficiency and stability. Herein, potassium 1,1,2,2,3,3‐hexafluoroprop‐ane‐1,3‐disulfonimide (KHFDF) is introduced into PbI2 precursor solution to passivate various defects and improve the crystalline quality of perovskite films. It is found that KHFDF can inhibit PbI2 crystallization, thus tuning the crystal orientation and growth of perovskite films. Furthermore, KHFDF with dual‐functional sulfonyl group cannot only passivate grain boundaries (GBs), but also passivate the defects at GBs via strong interaction with undercoordinated Pb2+ and/or hydrogen bonding with FA+, while the K+ counter cations allow ionic interaction with undercoordinated I−. As a result, the KHFDF‐modified films exhibit high quality with a larger grain size and a reduced trap‐state density, thereby suppressing the trap‐state nonradiative recombination. And the devices show a champion efficiency up to 24.15%, benefiting from a sharp enhancement of open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.183 V and fill factor of 81.78%. In addition, due to the enhanced humidity tolerance and chemical structure stability, the devices exhibit excellent long‐term humidity and thermal stability without encapsulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three different dipyridyl ligands were combined with [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2 to give mixtures of homo- and/or heteroleptic coordination cages. The three ligands were chosen so that one ligand shows a parallel orientation of the coordinate vectors, the second ligand a bent angle of 60°, and the third ligand a bent angle of 120°. We have identified ligand mixtures that give rise to integrative self-sorting, and we have characterized a heterotrileptic [Pd4L2L′2L′′4]8+ cage by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The structural flexibility of ligands with alkynyl spacers was found to be of importance for the formation of heteroleptic complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to quantify the site‐dependent correlation strengths in terms of the quasi‐particle weights and the occupation numbers of 5f electrons in alpha phase plutonium metal with eight crystallographically nonequivalent atomic sites Pun (n = 1–8), we perform a first principles calculation by using a many‐body method merging density functional theory with dynamical mean‐field theory plus the relativistic and correlation effects. The quasi‐particle weight, the electronic spectrum function, the hybridization function, as well as the occupation number of Pu 5f electrons all suggest that Pu1 and Pu8 atoms have the most itinerant and the most localized 5f electrons, respectively, while the other atoms Pun (n = 2–7) exhibit an intermediate correlation strength. The quasi‐particle weights demonstrate that only the jj or intermediate coupling scheme is more appropriate for Pu 5f electrons in comparison with the Russel–Saunders (LS) scheme. The electronic spectrum function and the occupation analysis establish that Pu 5f electrons simultaneously have dual itinerant and localized regimes with average 5f occupation numbers of n5f between 4.8994 and 4.9628, which are mainly composed of 5f4, 5f5, and 5f6 configurations, irrespective of different atomic sites. Finally, we also estimate the so‐called quasi‐particle band structure to directly compare with angle‐resolved photoemission spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This meta-analysis examined the effect of general anesthetics on metastasis and recurrence after cancer surgery from clinical and pre-clinical studies. It showed that propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia is associated with lower risk of metastasis/recurrence and lower IL-6 level than inhalational anesthesia. Pre-clinical studies confirmed clinical observation and explored potential mechanisms. Metastasis or recurrence following curative surgery is the main indicator of tumor progress and is the main cause of patient death. For more than three decades, the potential for general anesthesia to affect cancer outcomes has been a subject of concern with considerable research interest. Here, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the effect of inhalational anesthesia (IHNA) vs. propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) on metastasis and recurrence after cancer surgery from clinical and pre-clinical studies. The relative risk for metastasis/recurrence in TIVA is 0.61 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.46 to 0.82, p = 0.0009) compared to IHNA. Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in cancer metastasis following cancer surgery, thus we analyzed inflammatory cytokines levels after surgery under IHNA or TIVA. Based on pooled analysis, a lower IL-6 level was noticed in TIVA in comparison to IHNA (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.097 to 1.44, I2 = 92%, p = 0.02) but not TNF-α or IL-10. Preclinical animal model studies show that inhalational anesthetics increase the risk of breast cancer metastasis compared to propofol. In conclusion, the current evidence suggests intravenous anesthetic propofol is associated with less metastasis/recurrence and lower postoperative IL-6 level over inhaled anesthetics in the oncological surgery. We urge more well-designed clinical and preclinical studies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A first principle calculation is performed on Ce3Al by means of density functional theory combined with dynamical mean‐field theory. We find that j = 5/2, j = 7/2 components are in the metallic and insulating regimes, respectively. Itinerant 4f electrons result in the so‐called virtual charge fluctuations in the context of Kondo model with an average occupancy number of 4f electrons about 1.0. Finally, the so‐called quasiparticle band structure is also discussed for comparison with experimental angle‐resolved photoemission spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to explore whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could be predictive for the diagnosis of panic disorder (PD) and to explore the association between serum BDNF levels and the treatment response to escitalopram in PD patients. Ninety PD patients and 99 healthy controls (HCs) were finally recruited. PD patients were treated only by escitalopram for 8 weeks. All patients were administered the Short-Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA-14), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess life quality, anxiety symptoms and trait, respectively. Neuropsychological tests were assessed at baseline in all participants. Besides, peripheral venous blood was drawn from all participants for BDNF serum levels detection both at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. In PD patients, the baseline serum BDNF levels were lower than HCs. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of baseline serum BDNF levels predicting PD from HCs was 0.947 (94.9 % for sensitivity, 77.8 % for specificity). The baseline serum BDNF levels (beta = 0.276, p = 0.007), the current duration (beta = −0.301, p = 0.004), and trait anxiety (TAI) (beta = 0.201, p = 0.045) were predictors for reduction rates of HAMA-14 after 8 weeks' escitalopram treatment. A long-term observation and high homogeneity of sample may make the results more convincing. This preliminary finding highlighted the value of serum BDNF levels for the diagnosis of PD. In addition, the higher baseline serum BDNF levels may predict the better escitalopram treatment response in PD patients. • Panic disorder patients have lower serum BDNF levels than healthy controls. • Serum BDNF levels have diagnostic value of panic disorder. • Serum BDNF levels can predict treatment response of escitalopram in panic disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of interfacial contacts plays a decisive role in improving interfacial carrier transfer and separation in heterojunction photocatalysts. In Z-scheme photocatalysts, the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs is prevented so that the redox capacity is maintained. Here, one-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/CoFe2O4 fibres were synthesised as a new type of magnetic Z-scheme visible-light photocatalyst. Compared with pure g-C3N4 and CoFe2O4, the prepared composite photocatalysts showed considerably improved performance for the photooxidative degradation of tetracycline and methylene blue. In particular, the photodegradation efficiency of the g-C3N4/CoFe2O4 fibres for methylene blue was approximately two and seven times those of g-C3N4 and CoFe2O4, respectively. The formation mechanism of the Z-scheme heterojunctions in the g-C3N4/CoFe2O4 fibres was investigated using photocurrent spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We proposed that one of the reasons for the improved photodegradation performance is that the charge transport path in one-dimensional materials enables efficient photoelectron and hole transfer. Furthermore, the internal electric field of the prepared Z-scheme photocatalyst enhanced visible-light absorption, which provided a barrier for photoelectron–hole pair recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Chinese cabbage breeding, hybrids have made a terrific contribution due to heterosis, the superior performance of offspring compared to their inbred parents. Since the development of new, top-performing hybrids requires a large scale of human and material resources, the prediction of hybrid performance is of utmost interest to plant breeders. In our research, leaf transcriptome data from eight parents were used to investigate if they might be employed as markers to predict hybrid performance and heterosis. In Chinese cabbage, heterosis of plant growth weight (PGW) and heterosis of head weight (HW) were more obvious than other traits. The number of differential expression genes (DEGs) between parents was related to the PGW, length of the biggest outer leaf (LOL), leaf head height (LHH), leaf head width (LHW), HW, leaf number of head (LNH) and plant height (PH) of hybrids, and up-regulated DEGs number was also associated with these traits. Euclidean and binary distances of parental gene expression levels were significantly correlated with the PGW, LOL, LHH, LHW, HW and PH of hybrids. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between the parental expression levels of multiple genes involved in the ribosomal metabolic pathway and hybrid observations and heterosis in PGW, with the BrRPL23A gene showing the highest correlation with the MPH of PGW(r = 0.75). Therefore, leaf transcriptome data can preliminarily predict the hybrid performance and select parents in Chinese cabbage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis resulting from an imbalance of bone turnover between resorption and formation is a critical health issue worldwide. Estrogen deficiency following a nature aging process is the leading cause of hormone-related osteoporosis for postmenopausal women, while glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis remains the most common in drug-induced osteoporosis. Other medications and medical conditions related to secondary osteoporosis include proton pump inhibitors, hypogonadism, selective serotonin receptor inhibitors, chemotherapies, and medroxyprogesterone acetate. This review is a summary of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone turnover, the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, and their treatment. Nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL) appears to be the critical uncoupling factor that enhances osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a RANKL antagonist secreted by osteoblast lineage cells. Estrogen promotes apoptosis of osteoclasts and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by stimulating the production of OPG and reducing osteoclast differentiation after suppression of IL-1 and TNF, and subsequent M-CSF, RANKL, and IL-6 release. It can also activate the Wnt signaling pathway to increase osteogenesis, and upregulate BMP signaling to promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation from pre-osteoblasts to osteoblasts rather than adipocytes. Estrogen deficiency leads to the uncoupling of bone resorption and formation; therefore, resulting in greater bone loss. Excessive glucocorticoids increase PPAR-2 production, upregulate the expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in osteoblasts, and inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway, thus decreasing osteoblast differentiation. They promote osteoclast survival by enhancing RANKL expression and inhibiting OPG expression. Appropriate estrogen supplement and avoiding excessive glucocorticoid use are deemed the primary treatment for hormone-related and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Additionally, current pharmacological treatment includes bisphosphonates, teriparatide (PTH), and RANKL inhibitors (such as denosumab). However, many detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying osteoporosis seem complicated and unexplored and warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of alexithymia and potential sex differences in the associations between perceived parental bonding and mental health. Methods: The sample consists of 2421 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study who completed the parental bonding instrument, the Toronto alexithymia scale, the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, and the anxiety subscale of the symptom checklist‐90. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted to examine the possible mediating role of alexithymia and moderating role of sex in the associations between parental bonding and depressive/anxiety symptoms. Results: Alexithymia was found to be a potential mediator and sex be a moderator in the relations between perceived dysfunctional parental bonding and the psychological symptoms. Specifically, dysfunctional paternal bonding, especially paternal overprotection, had stronger indirect effects (via alexithymia) on the psychological symptoms in males. Conclusions: This study indicates the importance of alexithymia in the parenting‐related mental health impacts and highlights the significance of paternal bonding for the development of alexithymia and mental health problems in male populations. The findings improve the limited understanding of sex‐related parental factors for alexithymia and mental health problems. Future studies in longitudinal designs are warranted to clarify the causal process of the mediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photochemical studies on supramolecular hosts that can encapsulate small guest molecules commonly focus on three aspects: photoswitching the cage to release or trap the guest, the effect of the confining environment on the guest, and light‐induced exciton or charge transfer within the cage structure. Here, we exploit ultrafast spectroscopy to address how the guest alters the photoswitching characteristics of the cage. For this, the impacts of three disparate guest compounds on ring‐opening or ring‐closure of a dithienylethene (DTE) ligand in a photoswitchable DTE‐based coordination cage are juxtaposed. The guest modulates both outcome and timescale of the cage's photodynamics, by an interplay of structural strain, heavy‐atom effect, and enhancement of charge‐transfer processes exercised by the guest on the photo‐excited cage. The approach might prove beneficial for attuning the applicability of photoswitchable nanocontainers and desired guest compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photochemische Studien über supramolekulare Wirte, die kleine Gastmoleküle einkapseln können, konzentrieren sich zumeist auf drei Aspekte: Die Photoschaltung des Käfigs, um den Gast freizusetzen oder einzufangen, die Wirkung der Käfigumgebung auf den Gast und die lichtinduzierte Exzitonen‐ oder Ladungsübertragung innerhalb der Käfigstruktur. Hier nutzen wir ultraschnelle Spektroskopie, um zu untersuchen, wie der Gast die Photoschaltcharakteristik des Käfigs verändert. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Auswirkungen von drei unterschiedlichen Gastmolekülen auf die Ringöffnung oder den Ringschluss eines Dithienylethen (DTE)‐Liganden in einem photoschaltbaren Koordinationskäfig auf DTE‐Basis einander gegenübergestellt. Der Gast moduliert sowohl das Ergebnis als auch die Zeitskala der Photodynamik des Käfigs durch ein Zusammenspiel von struktureller Wechselwirkung, dem Schweratomeffekt und einer Verstärkung von Ladungstransferprozessen, die der Gast auf den photoangeregten Käfig ausübt. Der Ansatz könnte sich als nützlich erweisen, um die Anwendbarkeit von photoschaltbaren Nanocontainern und gewünschten Gastverbindungen aufeinander abzustimmen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified PES ultrafiltration membrane with excellent separation and antifouling properties was obtained after modification by remote Ar–NH3 plasma-induced acrylic acid (AA) grafting. Hydrophilic properties were characterised using water contact angle measurements. The morphology was analysed using SEM and BET measurements. Changes in the surface functional groups were determined using XPS and ATR-FTIR. The separation and antifouling properties were evaluated through a bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation experiment. The results revealed that the surface structure of the modified membrane was not destroyed, that amino groups were introduced on the surface of the PES membrane, and that AA was successfully grafted. The water contact angle decreased from 67° in the original membrane to 5 ± 0.63° in the modified membrane. The water flux increased from 30 to 93.6 L/(m2·h). The rejection rate of BSA increased from 61.5 to 93.8%, and the flux recovery rate increased from 60.0 to 92.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are still many challenges in prenatal diagnosis, such as limited or uncertain fetal phenotyping, variant interpretation, and rapid turnaround times. The aim of this study was to illustrate the value of a comprehensive genomic evaluation in prenatal diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed 20 fetuses with clinically significant copy number variants (CNVs) detected by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and no further exome sequencing testing in our tertiary center between 2019 and 2020. The residual DNA from the prenatal cases was used for the parallel implementation of CNV sequencing (CNV-seq) and trio-based clinical exome sequencing (trio-CES). CMA revealed 26 clinically significant CNVs (18 deletions and eight duplications) in 20 fetuses, in which five fetuses had two or more CNVs. There were eight fetuses with pathogenic CNVs (e.g., del 1p36), nine fetuses with likely pathogenic CNVs (e.g., dup 22q11.21), and three fetuses with variants of unknown significance (VOUS, e.g., dup 1q21.1q21.2). Trio-CES identified four fetuses with likely pathogenic mutations (SNV/InDels). Of note, a fetus was detected with a maternally inherited hemizygous variant in the SLX4 gene due to a 16p13.3 deletion on the paternal chromosome. The sizes of CNVs detected by CNV-seq were slightly larger than that of the SNP array, and four cases with mosaic CNVs were all identified by CNV-seq. In conclusion, microdeletion/duplication syndromes and monogenic disorders may co-exist in a subject, and CNV deletion may contribute to uncovering additional recessive disease alleles. The application of a comprehensive genomic evaluation (CNVs and SNV/InDels) has great value in the prenatal diagnosis arena. CNV-seq based on NGS technology is a reliable and a cost-effective technique for identifying CNVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a method to effectively fuse multi-exposure inputs and generate high-quality high dynamic range (HDR) images with unpaired datasets. Deep learning-based HDR image generation methods rely heavily on paired datasets. The ground truth images play a leading role in generating reasonable HDR images. Datasets without ground truth are hard to be applied to train deep neural networks. Recently, Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have demonstrated their potentials of translating images from source domain $X$ to target domain $Y$ in the absence of paired examples. In this paper, we propose a GAN-based network for solving such problems while generating enjoyable HDR results, named UPHDR-GAN. The proposed method relaxes the constraint of the paired dataset and learns the mapping from the LDR domain to the HDR domain. Although the pair data are missing, UPHDR-GAN can properly handle the ghosting artifacts caused by moving objects or misalignments with the help of the modified GAN loss, the improved discriminator network and the useful initialization phase. The proposed method preserves the details of important regions and improves the total image perceptual quality. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons against the representative methods demonstrate the superiority of the proposed UPHDR-GAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exome sequencing (ES) is becoming more widely available in prenatal diagnosis. However, data on its clinical utility and integration into clinical management remain limited in practice. Herein, we report our experience implementing prenatal ES (pES) in a large cohort of fetuses with anomalies detected by ultrasonography using a hospital-based in-house multidisciplinary team (MDT) facilitated by a three-step genotype-driven followed by phenotype-driven analysis framework. Methods: We performed pES in 1618 fetal cases with positive ultrasound findings but negative for karyotyping and chromosome microarray analysis between January 2014 and October 2021, including both retrospective (n=565) and prospective (n=1053) cohorts. The diagnostic efficiency and its correlation to organ systems involved, phenotypic spectrum, and the clinical impacts of pES results on pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results: A genotype-driven followed by phenotype-driven three-step approach was carried out in all trio pES. Step 1, a genotype-driven analysis resulted in a diagnostic rate of 11.6% (187/1618). Step 2, a phenotype-driven comprehensive analysis yielded additional diagnostic findings for another 28 cases (1.7%; 28/1618). In the final step 3, data reanalyses based on new phenotypes and/or clinical requests found molecular diagnosis in 14 additional cases (0.9%; 14/1618). Altogether, 229 fetal cases (14.2%) received a molecular diagnosis, with a higher positive rate in the retrospective than the prospective cohort (17.3% vs. 12.4%, p<0.01). The diagnostic rates were highest in fetuses with skeletal anomalies (30.4%) and multiple organ involvements (25.9%), and lowest in fetuses with chest anomalies (0%). In addition, incidental and secondary findings with childhood-onset disorders were detected in 11 (0.7%) cases. Furthermore, we described the prenatal phenotypes for the first time for 27 gene-associated conditions (20.0%, 27/135) upon a systematic analysis of the diagnosed cases and expanded the phenotype spectrum for 26 (19.3%) genes where limited fetal phenotypic information was available. In the prospective cohort, the combined prenatal ultrasound and pES results had significantly impacted the clinical decisions (61.5%, 648/1053). Conclusions: The genotype-driven approach could identify about 81.7% positive cases (11.6% of the total cohort) with the initial limited fetal phenotype information considered. The following two steps of phenotype-driven analysis and data reanalyses helped us find the causative variants in an additional 2.6% of the entire cohort (18.3% of all positive findings). Our extensive phenotype analysis on a large number of molecularly confirmed prenatal cases had greatly enriched our current knowledge on fetal phenotype-genotype correlation, which may guide more focused prenatal ultrasound in the future. This is by far the largest pES cohort study that combines a robust trio sequence data analysis, systematic phenotype-genotype correlation, and well-established MDT in a single prenatal clinical setting. This work underlines the value of pES as an essential component in prenatal diagnosis in guiding medical management and parental decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coexisting of sarcoidosis and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has long been neglected since sarcoidosis is considered as an exclusion criterion for SS. We described a 55-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with coexisting neurosarcoidosis and Sjögren's syndrome for 16 years. She presented with erythema nodosum, progressive sensory and motor impairment of the extremities, dry mouth, and dry eyes. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest showed symmetrical pulmonary micronodules, interstitial changes, and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed syringomyelia and thickening of the T3-9 spinal cord. She was with positive ANA and anti-SSA antibodies, impaired function of the lacrimal, salivary gland and renal tubules. Biopsy of skin and lung nodules revealed non-caseous granuloma. Salivary gland biopsy showed focal lymphocyte infiltration. Classification criteria for sarcoidosis and Sjogren's syndrome were fulfilled in this patient based on clinical and laboratory features. This case extends our understanding of overlapped Sjogren's syndrome with sarcoidosis and provides a referential value for clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrombosis is the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases. The conventional pharmaceuticals used for preventing thrombosis can induce significant adverse side effects, especially bleeding risk. Hence, the development of more effective and safe antithrombotic agents is strongly demanded to improve clinical treatment. In order to rapidly screen and identify novel antithrombotic substances from natural marine products, a multi-target screening strategy is reported to quantify the antithrombotic activity with high-performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Five key thrombosis-related targets, including thrombin, coagulation factors Xa, XIa and XIIa and platelet phosphodiesterase 3, were selected to establish the multi-target antithrombotic activity screening assay. The Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) were 8.16 µM, 58.85 µM, 120.03 µM, 35.24 µM and 79.67 µM, respectively. Five known inhibitors, namely argatroban, rivaroxaban, benzamidine, 3-carboxamide-coumarinand, and milrinone, were used for validation. The reproducibility of the screening strategy was verified by calculating the overall average Z′ value, which was 0.88. Subsequently, this method was assessed by screening a small marine library of 78 compounds. Five coumarin compounds were selected, and their antithrombotic activities were further validated in standard assessments of enzyme inhibition and on the coagulometer. According to the validation, the multi-target assay based on dried blood spots and HPLC-MS was suitable for screening antithrombotic substances with considerable reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal protein that is elevated in a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with poor prognosis, but the molecular target activated in AFP-positive HCC remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is upregulated in AFP-positive HCC. We found that FOXM1 expression was highly elevated in approximately 40% of HCC cases, and FOXM1-high HCC was associated with high serum AFP levels, a high frequency of microscopic portal vein invasion, and poor prognosis. A transcriptome and pathway analysis revealed the activation of the mitotic cell cycle and the inactivation of mature hepatocyte metabolism function in FOXM1-high HCC. The knockdown of FOXM1 reduced AFP expression and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. We further identified that the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib attenuated FOXM1 protein expression and suppressed cell proliferation in AFP-positive HCC cells. Carfilzomib in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) blockade significantly prolonged survival by suppressing AFP-positive HCC growth in a subcutaneous tumor xenotransplantation model. These data indicated that FOXM1 plays a pivotal role in the proliferation of AFP-positive liver cancer cells. Carfilzomib can effectively inhibit FOXM1 expression to inhibit tumor growth and could be a novel therapeutic option in patients with AFP-positive HCC who receive anti-VEGFR2 antibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a solution based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for solving jigsaw puzzles. The problem assumes that an image is divided into equal square pieces, and asks to recover the image according to information provided by the pieces. Conventional jigsaw puzzle solvers often determine the relationships based on the boundaries of pieces, which ignore the important semantic information. In this paper, we propose JigsawGAN, a GAN-based auxiliary learning method for solving jigsaw puzzles with unpaired images (with no prior knowledge of the initial images). We design a multi-task pipeline that includes, (1) a classification branch to classify jigsaw permutations, and (2) a GAN branch to recover features to images in correct orders. The classification branch is constrained by the pseudo-labels generated according to the shuffled pieces. The GAN branch concentrates on the image semantic information, where the generator produces the natural images to fool the discriminator, while the discriminator distinguishes whether a given image belongs to the synthesized or the real target domain. These two branches are connected by a flow-based warp module that is applied to warp features to correct the order according to the classification results. The proposed method can solve jigsaw puzzles more efficiently by utilizing both semantic information and boundary information simultaneously. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons against several representative jigsaw puzzle solvers demonstrate the superiority of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to elucidate the temperature‐dependent occupancy number of Ce 4f electrons and valence state of Ce ions in cerium mononitride (CeN), we perform an ab initio calculation by using a many‐body scheme combing density functional theory with dynamical mean field theory, taking into account the spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) interaction and on‐site Coulomb repulsion between Ce 4f electrons. Results demonstrate that Ce 4f j = 5/2 and j = 7/2 manifolds undergo insulating‐metallic transition with increasing of temperature. Ce 4f‐conduction electrons hybridization, f‐f correlation, SOC interaction and final state effects yield a complicated spectrum function in CeN. Ce 4f atomic configuration transition and hybridization might be responsible for the temperature‐dependent occupancy number of Ce 4f electrons and the mixed‐valence state in CeN. A fact that localization of Ce 4f electrons, that is, 4f1 configuration or Ce3+ valence, increases with increasing of temperature could account for the experimentally observed lattice constant versus temperature data. Finally, the so‐called quasiparticle band structure is also discussed for comparison with experimental angle‐resolved photoemission spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy, as the main treatment for breast cancer, inevitably damages normal tissues due to the lack of targeting. Various nano targeting drug delivery systems (TDDS) have the potential to be developed as anticancer therapeutics. Although mono-ligand-directed liposomes have been used with some success, dual-ligand-directed liposomes exhibit promising advantages. In current work, we synthesized a Y-shaped ligand covalently linking fructose and biotin (Fru-Bio-Chol) to prepare a dual-targeting liposome Fru-Bio-Lip for breast cancer. The targeting ability was evaluated by comparing the Fru-Bio-Lip with the non-modified liposome (Lip), fructose or biotin mono modified liposomes (Fru-Lip and Bio-Lip), and another dual-targeting liposome (Fru + Bio-Lip) physically mixing fructose and biotin mono modified ligands (Fru-Chol and Bio-Chol). The cellular uptake of Fru-Bio-Lip is 3.27-, 1.81-, 2.19-, 1.15-times that of Lip, Fru-Lip, Bio-Lip and Fru + Bio-Lip on 4T1 cells, and 3.11-, 1.80-, 1.89-, 1.15-times on MCF-7 cells. Additionally, the uptake mechanism indicates the uptake of Fru-Bio-Lip is energy-dependently achieved through multiple endocytosis pathway with a dual recognition of fructose and biotin by GLUT5 and SMVT. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay show PTX-Fru-Bio-Lip among liposomes have the strongest proliferation inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells, and the apoptosis rate is 1.7-times that of PTX-Lip. In vivo images indicate Fru-Bio-Lip have the strongest tumour enrichment ability, which is 2.76-, 1.60-, 1.96-, 1.40-times that of Lip, Fru-Lip, Bio-Lip and Fru + Bio-Lip, respectively. Overall, the fructose and biotin covalently modified liposomes improved breast cancer targeting ability, demonstrating great potential as a drug delivery system for breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the psychological mechanisms underlying the mental health problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hypothetically, perceived stress and alexithymia may be factors involved in the mental distress response to the pandemic; however, this remains largely unstudied. This study aims to explore the moderating role of alexithymia and the moderated mediation effects of perceived stress on the mental health change due to the pandemic.Methods: The conditional process model was used to examine the moderated mediation. The sample consists of 659 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study who completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) at 6 months after delivery, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) at 2 or 4 years postpartum between 2014 and 2019; and a questionnaire for pandemic events, a brief 4-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) and the follow-up EPDS/SCL-90 in 2020 after 3 months from the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Finland.Results: Alexithymia moderated the perceived stress-mediated relations between the pandemic events and the changes of depressive and anxiety symptoms through enhancing the detrimental effect of perceived stress on mental health.Limitations: This study was mainly limited by the causality and generalizability of the findings.Conclusions: Our findings indicate the moderated mediation effects of alexithymia and perceived stress on the psychological symptoms, which has implications for understanding how and when stressful situations translate to mental health problems, identifying vulnerable individuals, and tailoring preventive and psychotherapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Previous smaller meta‐analyses comparing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) versus entecavir (ETV) provided controversial results. This updated meta‐analysis aimed to reliably identify any difference in the HCC incidence between TDF‐treated or ETV‐treated CHB patients in general or in specific subgroups. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for relevant studies with hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC between TDF‐treated and ETV‐treated CHB patients. Retrieved dates ranged from January 2009 to October 2021. HRs with or without adjustment were pooled with random‐effects model. Results: Twenty‐four comparative studies involving 37 771 CHB patients treated with TDF and 72 094 treated with ETV were included. TDF was associated with lower risk of HCC compared with ETV, with pooled unadjusted HR of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–0.86) (24 studies) and adjusted HR of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.91) (21 studies). In propensity score matching cohorts, the TDF superiority was confirmed for unadjusted HR 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71–0.97) (14 studies) and was close to significance for adjusted HR (0.78, 95% CI: 0.58–1.04) (8 studies). Subgroup analyses showed that TDF was associated with lower HCC risk than ETV treatment in CHB patients who were from Asia (adjusted HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66–0.87; 15 studies) or nucleos(t)ide naïve (adjusted HR:0.74, 95% CI: 0.65–0.84; 18 studies). Conclusion: Current evidence from a sizable population suggests that TDF is associated with significantly lower HCC risk compared with ETV treatment in patients who are from Asia and/or nucleos(t)ide naïve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variant c.2974G > T (p.Asp992Tyr) of I ATP1A3 i has been reported in a 2-year-old patient with isolated infantile onset hemiplegic attacks [[1]], but our patient exhibited classical AHC phenotype at the same age, illustrating the phenotypic variability associated with I ATP1A3 i variants. The identification of I ATP1A3 i variant in conjunction with the clinical characteristics of the proband validated the diagnosis of AHC, which is helpful for the proper management of the patient [[3]]. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) (OMIM: 614820), one phenotype of I ATP1A3 i -related disorder, is a rare autosomal dominant neurologic disease characterized by hemiplegia, abnormal eye movement, and paroxysmal dystonia feature, all of which occur in attacks beginning in infancy or early childhood and lasting for minutes to weeks. [Extracted from the article]

The selecting of supercapacitor electrode materials, has seen a growing interest in biomass-derived carbon materials due to their surface functional groups and unique pore structure. In this study millet-derived porous carbon (MIC-PxRy) with heteroatoms including nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorous (P), and sulfur (S) was synthesized through a successive pre‑carbonization and chemical activation process. The structure and distribution of heteroatoms in the MIC-PxRy were effectively controlled by adjusting the pre‑carbonization and activation temperatures. When the pre‑carbonization and activation temperatures are both at 600 °C, the resulting sample (MIC-P6R6) exhibited a high specific surface area (1798.79 m2g−1) was co-doped with oxygen atoms (10.77 %), nitrogen atoms (1.40 %), sulfur atoms (0.76 %) and phosphorus atoms (0.26 %). In a three-electrode system, the MIC-P6R6 demonstrated a specific capacitance of 458.6 Fg−1 at 1 A g−1, which remained stable at 336.2 F g−1 even under higher current densities up to 20 A g−1. In a two-electrode system with KOH electrolyte, it exhibited an impressive specific capacitance of 314.2 F g−1 along with an energy density of 10.91 Wh kg−1 (at 250 W kg−1, 1 A g−1). Furthermore, after undergoing durable 20,000 cycling tests (at 5 A g−1), the MIC-R6A6 demonstrated exceptional capacitance retention rate of 92.1 %. This study provides a novel self-doped activated carbon material with multiple heteroatoms at a lower activation temperature, which can improve the performance of symmetric supercapacitors. [Display omitted] • Polyatomic N/O/P/S co-doped porous carbon was obtained by heat treatment of Millet. • Optimized carbonization and activation temperature are both low at 600 °C. • MIC-P6R6 exhibits low charge transfer resistance of 0.66 Ω. • MIC-P6R6 exhibited excellent specific capacitance and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disadvantages such as poor toughness, brittleness, and poor barrier properties of polylactic acid (PLA) films limit their application in packaging materials. To ameliorate this problem, in this paper, remote plasma was first employed to improve the hydrophilic properties of PLA films, followed by the layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL) method to assemble alternate layers of cationic waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and carboxylated nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) on the surface of the remotely plasma-modified PLA films. The results showed that the best hydrophilicity of PLA films was achieved at the modification time of 180 s, pressure of 25 Pa, RF power of 100 W, and axial distance of 10 cm. With the increase of the number of WPU/CNF assembled layers, the oxygen transmission rate （OTR） and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of PLA film decreased; when assembled to 12 layers, the OTR of PLA film decreased from 695 cm3/(m2dbar) to 3.15 cm3/(m2dbar), and the WVTR decreased from 150.50 g/(m2.24 h) to 55.41 g/(m2.24 h), under these conditions the composite PLA film can be used for packaging meat and other foods sensitive to moisture and oxygen. At the same time, the thermal stability and elongation at the break of PLA films increased with the increase in the number of coated layers. When assembled to 12 layers, the residual rate at 600 °C increased from 2.78% to 10.4%, and the elongation at break increased from 2.04% (transverse) and 2.48% (longitudinal) to 3.449% (transverse) and 5.133% (longitudinal). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the influence of small voxel Bayesian penalized likelihood (SVB) reconstruction on small lesion detection compared to ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction using a clinical trials network (CTN) chest phantom and the patients with 18F-FDG-avid small lung tumors, and determine the optimal penalty factor for the lesion depiction and quantification. Methods: The CTN phantom was filled with 18F solution with a sphere-to-background ratio of 3.81:1. Twenty-four patients with 18F-FDG-avid lung lesions (diameter < 2 cm) were enrolled. Six groups of PET images were reconstructed: routine voxel OSEM (RVOSEM), small voxel OSEM (SVOSEM), and SVB reconstructions with four penalty factors: 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 (SVB0.6, SVB0.8, SVB0.9, and SVB1.0). The routine and small voxel sizes are 4 × 4 × 4 and 2 × 2 × 2 mm3. The recovery coefficient (RC) was calculated by dividing the measured activity by the injected activity of the hot spheres in the phantom study. The SUVmax, target-to-liver ratio (TLR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), the volume of the lesions, and the image noise of the liver were measured and calculated in the patient study. Visual image quality of the patient image was scored by two radiologists using a 5-point scale. Results: In the phantom study, SVB0.6, SVB0.8, and SVB0.9 achieved higher RCs than SVOSEM. The RC was higher in SVOSEM than RVOSEM and SVB1.0. In the patient study, the SUVmax, TLR, and visual image quality scores of SVB0.6 to SVB0.9 were higher than those of RVOSEM, while the image noise of SVB0.8 to SVB1.0 was equivalent to or lower than that of RVOSEM. All SVB groups had higher CNRs than RVOSEM, but there was no difference between RVOSEM and SVOSEM. The lesion volumes derived from SVB0.6 to SVB0.9 were accurate, but over-estimated by RVOSEM, SVOSEM, and SVB1.0, using the CT measurement as the standard reference. Conclusions: The SVB reconstruction improved lesion contrast, TLR, CNR, and volumetric quantification accuracy for small lesions compared to RVOSEM reconstruction without image noise degradation or the need of longer emission time. A penalty factor of 0.8–0.9 was optimal for SVB reconstruction for the small tumor detection with 18F-FDG PET/CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the influence of small voxel Bayesian penalized likelihood (SVB) reconstruction on small lesion detection compared to ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction using a clinical trials network (CTN) chest phantom and the patients with 18F-FDG-avid small lung tumors, and determine the optimal penalty factor for the lesion depiction and quantification. Methods: The CTN phantom was filled with 18F solution with a sphere-to-background ratio of 3.81:1. Twenty-four patients with 18F-FDG-avid lung lesions (diameter < 2 cm) were enrolled. Six groups of PET images were reconstructed: routine voxel OSEM (RVOSEM), small voxel OSEM (SVOSEM), and SVB reconstructions with four penalty factors: 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 (SVB0.6, SVB0.8, SVB0.9, and SVB1.0). The routine and small voxel sizes are 4 × 4 × 4 and 2 × 2 × 2 mm3. The recovery coefficient (RC) was calculated by dividing the measured activity by the injected activity of the hot spheres in the phantom study. The SUVmax, target-to-liver ratio (TLR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), the volume of the lesions, and the image noise of the liver were measured and calculated in the patient study. Visual image quality of the patient image was scored by two radiologists using a 5-point scale. Results: In the phantom study, SVB0.6, SVB0.8, and SVB0.9 achieved higher RCs than SVOSEM. The RC was higher in SVOSEM than RVOSEM and SVB1.0. In the patient study, the SUVmax, TLR, and visual image quality scores of SVB0.6 to SVB0.9 were higher than those of RVOSEM, while the image noise of SVB0.8 to SVB1.0 was equivalent to or lower than that of RVOSEM. All SVB groups had higher CNRs than RVOSEM, but there was no difference between RVOSEM and SVOSEM. The lesion volumes derived from SVB0.6 to SVB0.9 were accurate, but over-estimated by RVOSEM, SVOSEM, and SVB1.0, using the CT measurement as the standard reference. Conclusions: The SVB reconstruction improved lesion contrast, TLR, CNR, and volumetric quantification accuracy for small lesions compared to RVOSEM reconstruction without image noise degradation or the need of longer emission time. A penalty factor of 0.8–0.9 was optimal for SVB reconstruction for the small tumor detection with 18F-FDG PET/CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-range ferromagnetic ordering in semiconductors has become an attractive research hotspot due to its promising potential in spintronics and information technology. Especially the appearance of carbon-based semiconductors represented by graphdiyne (GDY) makes it easy to realize ferromagnetic semiconductors. Herein, a convenient and effective route has been developed to prepare GDY-based magnetic semiconductors using the modification with transition metal elements including Fe, Co, and Ni, respectively. Among them, lightly doped GDY with Co (Co-GDY) exhibits the most outstanding ferromagnetism with a typical Curie's temperature above room temperature. Meanwhile, the coercive field H c = 78 Oe at T = 300 K of Co-GDY is the smallest, demonstrating characteristics of easy magnetization. Subsequent spin-polarized DFT calculation results reveal that the robust ferromagnetism of Co-GDY arises from the most significant local magnetic moment. Significantly, a noticeable band gap can still be maintained due to the very light doping level. These results reveal an optimization strategy for selecting doping elements, promoting carbon-based semiconductors application in spin-related fields. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the performance of sports dance in China has become better and better. Naturally, the technical requirements for this dance are getting higher and higher, and the number and intensity of training have also increased, which has led to increasing injuries in sports dance. This article is based on visual sensor images to analyze and study the common injuries and prevention of sports dance practitioners. It is aimed at providing a certain reference basis for athletes' injuries, so that dance practitioners and coaches can better master sports dance training and teaching. Injury-related rules and prevention reduce the injury rate. This article puts forward the related technology of a visual sensor image and applies its technology to the prevention and research of common injuries in sports dance. At the same time, it analyzes the causes of sports dance practitioners' injuries and seeks economical and affordable massage techniques for prevention, and the method of treatment provides protection for dance practitioners. The experimental results in this article show that the Tuina group cured 15 subjects, 41 subjects were markedly effective, 13 subjects were improved, and 6 subjects were unhealed. The total effective rate was 92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the oil refining industry, safety problems caused by equipment corrosion have become increasingly important, making equipment corrosion management a key factor to ensure process safety. Corrosion diagnosis, as the first step of equipment corrosion management, is of great significance in not only ensuring the proper corrosion supervision, but also realizing safety protection of equipment. This paper addresses the problems of incompleteness as well as the subjective factors of existing methods in equipment corrosion diagnosis. The proposed solution, based on data-driven corrosion diagnosis, suggests a more comprehensive view. Special focus in this paper is on evaluation and prediction of corrosion safety state, including the identification of corrosion mode and the prediction of corrosion type and degree. This paper brings together large amount of historical data of equipment corrosion detection and solves the problem of unbalanced original data by data wrangling and the application of Borderline-SMOTE algorithm. What's more, a prediction model that is based on Random Forest (RF) algorithm is constructed, aiming at equipment corrosion mechanism, type and degree. The results show that the model, aiming at critical mechanism identification, performs ideally after evaluation and the accuracy of the results amount to 86%. As for the classification and prediction of corrosion state, the model can be further optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to reach a better accuracy (92%), which verifies generalization effect compared with traditional prediction models. In addition, this solution improves the functionality and practicability of corrosion diagnosis, which is beneficial to the investigation of hidden dangers. It also can serve as an instruction for equipment safety management to ensure the stable operation for an enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both chronic and acute exercise interventions have reported positive effects on executive functions (EFs) in general populations. However, data on changes in EFs in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in response to exercise interventions are still unclear. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available empirical studies concerning the effects of exercise interventions on EFs in children and adolescents with ASD. Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines, the electronic databases CINAHL Complete (via EBSCOhost), SPORTDiscus with Full Text (via EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (via EBSCOhost), Web of Science, ProQuest, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC; via EBSCOhost) were searched from inception to January 2021. Two authors independently extracted data and conducted a risk-of-bias analysis using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Randomized controlled trials/quasi-experimental designs that used acute or chronic exercise interventions and assessed EFs through neurocognitive tasks or questionnaires among children and adolescents with ASD were included. In total, 259 articles were identified, of which 15 full texts were independently assessed for eligibility by two authors. In total, 14 articles underwent systematic review, and seven were selected for meta-analysis. Results: Overall, chronic exercise interventions had a small to moderate positive effect on overall EFs in children and adolescents with ASD (g = 0.342; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.084–0.600; p < 0.01). Regarding domain-specific EFs, chronic exercise interventions had a small to moderate positive effect on cognitive flexibility (g = 0.312; 95% CI 0.053–0.570; p < 0.01) and inhibitory control (g = 0.492; 95% CI 0.188–0.796; p < 0.01). However, our review found a non-significant effect size (g = 0.212; 95% CI − 0.088 to 0.512) on working memory. Conclusions: Chronic exercise interventions appear to have beneficial effects on overall EFs in children and adolescents with ASD, particularly in relation to cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediating role of motor competence in the association between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) and the moderating role of age in the indirect relationship between PA and QoL in children with ADHD. Eighty-six children aged 6-12 years old (M age = 8.45 , SD = 1.40 , 17.4% girls) with the diagnosis of ADHD were recruited in this study. Participants wore a wGT3X-BT accelerometer on their wrist for seven consecutive days to measure PA. Motor competence was measured by the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the parent-reported Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. MVPA was positively associated with object control skills but was not directly related to QoL. Using the bootstrapping method, the indirect effect of object control was found between MVPA and social functioning (0.10, 95 % CI = 0.01 , 0.21 ), school functioning (0.09, 95 % CI = 0.01 , 0.18 ), and overall QoL (0.07, 95 % CI = 0.01 , 0.16 ), supporting the full mediation effect. Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that age strengthened the indirect effect from MVPA to social and school functioning via object control. Findings of this study indicated that MVPA is positively associated with object control skills, which in turn, is related to psychological aspects of QoL in children with ADHD. Age was found to moderate the indirect mediation paths. The findings may inform future expeditions on designing an effective intervention that helps to improve MC and QoL in children with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediating role of motor competence in the association between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) and the moderating role of age in the indirect relationship between PA and QoL in children with ADHD. Eighty-six children aged 6-12 years old (, SD = 1.40 , 17.4% girls) with the diagnosis of ADHD were recruited in this study. Participants wore a wGT3X-BT accelerometer on their wri M age = 8.45 st for seven consecutive days to measure PA. Motor competence was measured by the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the parent-reported Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. MVPA was positively associated with object control skills but was not directly related to QoL. Using the bootstrapping method, the indirect effect of object control was found between MVPA and social functioning (0.10, 95 % CI = 0.01 , 0.21 ), school functioning (0.09, 95 % CI = 0.01 , 0.18 ), and overall QoL (0.07, 95 % CI = 0.01 , 0.16 ), supporting the full mediation effect. Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that age strengthened the indirect effect from MVPA to social and school functioning via object control. Findings of this study indicated that MVPA is positively associated with object control skills, which in turn, is related to psychological aspects of QoL in children with ADHD. Age was found to moderate the indirect mediation paths. The findings may inform future expeditions on designing an effective intervention that helps to improve MC and QoL in children with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]