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Big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence technologies supported by heterogeneous systems are constantly changing our life and cognition of the world. At the same time, its energy consumption affects the operation cost and system reliability, and this attracts the attention of architecture designers and researchers. In order to solve the problem of energy in heterogeneous system environment, inspired by the results of 0-1 programming, a scheduling method of heuristic and greedy energy saving (HGES) approach is proposed to allocate tasks reasonably to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Firstly, all tasks are assigned to each GPU in the system, and then the tasks are divided into high-value tasks and low-value tasks by the calculated average time value and variance value of all tasks. By using the greedy method, the high-value tasks are assigned first, and then the low-value tasks are allocated. In order to verify the effectiveness and rationality of HGES, different tasks with different inputs and different comparison methods are designed and tested. The experimental results on different platforms show that the HGES has better energy saving than that of existing method and can get result faster than that of the 0-1 programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet is a tool for free expression of will, primarily reflecting the public's willingness to pay attention. Therefore, it is of great significance to use network attention to guide the implementation of "Artificial Intelligence (AI) + Education." First, this study takes the "AI + Education" network attention of 31 provinces and cities in China as the research object and selects the relevant data from the Baidu Index and the National Bureau of statistics from 2012 to 2020. Then, the study uses the methods of elasticity coefficient, geographical concentration index, and panel model to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of "AI + Education." Finally, the future development trends in "AI + Education" is predicted. The results show that the time characteristics of "AI + Education" are apparent, and there are specific interannual differences. The spatial difference between "AI + Education" attention is narrowing, and the spatial balance is gradually improving. The Internet, level of economic development, education funding, and vocational education are the main factors influencing the attention of "AI + Education." According to the forecast results, the attention to "AI + Education" in eastern and central China will generally rise in the next 2 years, while some parts of western China will slightly decline. Therefore, in the future development, national and regional governments should pay attention to the policy guidance of regional differences, strengthen the promotion of new teaching methods, and attach importance to the intelligent construction of vocational education, to promote the integrated development of AI and Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Co 9 S 8 /Bi 2 S 3 composite having a 0D/3D structure was successfully synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. The 0D/3D structure greatly optimizes the electron transfer path and accelerates the separation rate of photogenic charge, according to the electrochemical characterization results. The construction of an S-scheme heterojunction between Co 9 S 8 and Bi 2 S 3 together with the formation of a structure in which Co 9 S 8 is wrapped in the outer layer of Bi 2 S 3 , contributes to increase the hydrogen production activity. [Display omitted] Following a simple one-pot hydrothermal method, a Co 9 S 8 /Bi 2 S 3 composite was successfully synthesized using peanut-like BiVO 4 as a precursor. After hydrothermal sulfuration, BiVO 4 was transformed into Bi 2 S 3 while maintaining its original peanut-like structure. Meanwhile, Co 9 S 8 nanoparticles were successfully coated onto the peanut-shaped surface of Bi 2 S 3 , forming an S-scheme heterojunction by in situ hydrothermal method. For the growth system of Co 9 S 8 , the special three-dimensional (3D) structure of Bi 2 S 3 provides a good growth site for zero-dimensional (0D) Co 9 S 8 nanoparticles, avoiding their aggregation and exposing, more reaction area of Co 9 S 8. Moreover, the S-scheme heterojunction retains a more effective redox potential for this system and promotes the recombination of nonessential electron-hole pairs. The 0D/3D spatial structure and the construction of the S-scheme heterojunction provide a more efficient and convenient path for the transfer of photogenic charge, which greatly promotes the effective separation and diversion of the electrons. Besides, the cladding structure of the composite and the S-scheme heterojunction formed between Bi 2 S 3 and Co 9 S 8 complement each other for jointly improving the hydrogen production performance of Co 9 S 8 /Bi 2 S 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important component of computer system, GPU has been used more widely in the system under the support of general computing. In addition to focusing on its performance, the issues of its energy consumption and environmental problem have gradually attracted the concerns of researchers, computer architects, and developers. Current researches only consider single-task scheduling for saving energy, lacking the focus on energy saving from scheduling the overall tasks. In view of the shortcomings of current researches, we propose a METS (Minimizing Execution Time Slot) approach to reduce energy by rationally allocating the tasks across GPUs. It first collects the number of tasks and the corresponding estimated performance information. Next, it decides whether to turn the problem into a 0–1 knapsack problem or to use FIFO method based on the number of tasks. Then, we conduct our experiment on typical platform to verify our proposed approach. The experimental results show that METS can save on average 8.43% of energy when compared with the existing approaches. This shows that the proposed METS method is effective, reasonable and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel zero-dimensional/two-dimensional CdxZn1−xS/Ni-MOF-74 (CZS/NMF) heterojunction was rationally constructed via a simple hydrothermal and physical mixing method. The results show that the CZS/NMF-4 composite has the best photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, generating 1712.3 μmol of hydrogen within 5 h, approximately 10 times higher than the amount generated by pure CZS. This extraordinary enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen activity can be ascribed to the constitution of the direct Z-scheme heterojunction and the small size effect, as well as the intimate contact between the 0D CdxZn1−xS nanoparticles and the 2D Ni-MOF-74 sheets. The formation of the direct Z-scheme heterojunction can effectively reduce the migration resistance of light-generated carriers and dramatically promote the separation of photo-induced electrons and holes. Meanwhile, the size effect shortens the electron transfer distance which effectively decreases the recombination possibility of photo-induced electron–hole pairs. Furthermore, the 0D/2D spatial structure of CZS/NMF-4 dramatically reduces the agglomeration of CZS nanoparticles, which provides more active sites for the process of hydrogen evolution. In general, this work provides new inspiration for the application of combinations between progressively developing new MOF materials and the traditional CdxZn1−xS photocatalyst according to the construction of a special spatial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese red pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf (ZML) extract was added to salted silver carp. The effect of ZML extract on volatile compounds formation of both dorsal and ventral muscle of salted fish was investigated. Lipid oxidation of salted fish with ZML extract was alleviated with lower peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values than that of the control. Therefore, the contents of some volatile compounds formed mainly by oxidation such as benzene, methylbenzene, 1‐octene‐3‐ol, hexanal, and methyl ketone, which attributed off‐odor of salted fish, were reduced. Principal component analysis results showed that the first principal component (PC1) and the second principal component (PC2) explained 62% and 31% of total variance, respectively, and volatile compounds of the dorsal and ventral of control group differentiated from treatment group. These results showed that ZML extract can be a source of natural antioxidants and food additives for improving flavor of salted fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Glycated modification enhanced the binding abilities of myosin with odorants. • Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds were the key linkages. • Tyr 362, Gln 391, and others might be key binding sites of 2-furfurylthiol. • The mechanism of glycated myosin binding small molecule ligands was confirmed. Myosin is an ideal binding receptor for aroma compounds and its functional properties are easily affected by glucose. The study comprehensively clarified the effects of glucose glycation-induced structural modifications of myosin on its binding ability with furan derivatives, including 2-methylfuran, 2-furfural, and 2-furfurylthiol. The results demonstrated that the binding levels of furan derivatives were obviously affected by the glycation levels of myosin due to the changes of myosin structure and surface. The increased glycation levels caused the unfolding of myosin structure and accelerated the aggregation, as were exhibited by the data of zeta potential, particle size, microstructure, and secondary structure. The glycated myosin with wrinkled surfaces favored the significant increase of hydrophobic interactions (31.59–69.50 μg), the more exposure of amino acid residues (3459–6048), the formation of free sulfhydryl groups (16.37–20.58 mmol/104g) and hydrogen bonds. These key (non)covalent linkages accounted for the generation of glycated myosin-odorants complex, including 2-furfurylthiol (29.17–47.87 %), thus enhancing the resultant binding ability as evidenced by the free furan derivatives concentrations, fluorescence quenching and molecular docking simulation analysis. The glycated myosin for 8 h bound highest concentrations of furan derivatives. The results will provide comprehensive data on the retention of aroma compounds in meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out to establish a formaldehyde (FA) detection method in smoked meat products with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method. The high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed by using steam distillation as extraction method and then derived by2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The final optimum conditions of derivatization for UPLC method were determined as follows: DNPH dosage of 0.3 mL, derivatization temperature of 60°C, derivatization time of 60 min, and twice extraction. This method was further applied to determine the content of FA in the smoked meat products from five companies. The internal FA in the smoked meat products ranged from 25.55 mg/kg meat to 49.20 mg/kg meat, and the surface FA was 34.04 mg/kg meat to 165.25 mg/kg meat. Thus, this study establishes a simple, fast, and reliable method for the analysis of FA in smoked meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of pre-acidification of skim milk between pH 6.7–5.4 on the physico-chemical properties of the resulting milk protein concentrate as well as the membrane performance. The membrane filtration process comprised ultrafiltration and 3 stages of diafiltration each with a volume concentration factor of 3. With increasing number of processing stages at a given pH, both the colloidal calcium and micellar caseins were gradually dissociated, while the micellar hydration increased and the micellar size decreased. With the increase in processing stages, casein micelles generally maintained their intact structure between pH 6.7–6.0, and then partially disintegrated into loosely entangled protein aggregates at pH 5.8–5.6, while complete micellar disruption occurred after extensive diafiltration at pH 5.4. Small-angle X-ray scattering indicated that the internal structure of the non-dissociated micelles became more homogenous when the number of processing stages increased and when the pre-acidification pH decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the production and utilization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) have become a hot research topic in catalyst field and polyester industry for its special chemical structure and a wide range of raw material source. FDCA is a potential replacement for the terephthalic acid monomer used in the production of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), which opens up a new pathway for obtaining biomass-based polyester to replace or partially replace petroleum based polyester. Here, we mainly reviewed the catalytic pathway for the synthesis of FDCA derived from lignocellulosic biomass or from the related downstream products, such as glucose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Moreover, the utilization of oxidation catalysts, the reaction mechanism, the existing limitations and unsolved challenges were also elaborated in detail. Therefore, we hope this mini review provides a helpful overview and insight to readers in this exciting research area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese red pepper ( Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf (ZML) extract contains high amounts of phenolic compounds possessing high total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl, 1, 1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. ZML extract was investigated as a natural antioxidant for the lipid stability of salted silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) throughout salting and drying. Both dorsal and ventral muscles were examined for differences in moisture content, salt content, total lipid content, and degree of lipid oxidation. The hexanal content, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in the ventral muscle were significantly higher than those of the dorsal muscle ( p < 0.05). In the treatments with ZML extract, the hexanal content, the TBARS value, and the LOX activity were significantly lower ( p < 0.05) during processing both in the dorsal and ventral muscles. The sensory qualities of processed salted fish could be improved with the amount of 0.030% extract in the dorsal muscle and 0.045% extract in the ventral muscle. These results showed that ZML extract can be a source of natural antioxidants and used as a food additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two-dimensional layered stack structure Mo 2 S 3 /Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 composite successfully prepared； • The construction of unconventional n-n heterojunction effectively efficiently inhibits the recombination of electron-hole pairs; • The synergistic effect of Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 with a lotus-leaf like Mo 2 S 3 nanosheets jointly promote the improvement of the hydrogen production performance. The exploration of multiple composite with heterojunction structures to replace single catalysts with insufficient capacity is significant for the photocatalytic evolution of high-yield hydrogen. In this case, the Mo 2 S 3 /Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 composite with a unique n-n heterojunction and two-dimensional (2D) spatial structure was successfully prepared for the first time using the hydrothermal-physical mixture method. The percentage of Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 in the composite can be easily adjusted by changing the amount of Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 introduced into the physical mixing process. With a mass percentage of Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 attained 3% to Mo 2 S 3 , the composite Mo 2 S 3 /Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 with n-n heterojunction exhibited the highest photocatalytic effect among all as-prepared samples, with a photocatalytic effect 5 times higher than pure Mo 2 S 3. The presence of Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 and the synergistic interactions of n-n heterojunction significantly reduced the dispersity of short-rod shaped Mo 2 S 3 , as well as the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, electron circulation was improved, and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity under visible light was improved. In addition to improving the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution effect, the composite Mo 2 S 3 /Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 has been found to have excellent stability, which is a noteworthy feature. A series of characterization results and semiconductor energy band structure were used to investigate the possible photocatalytic hydrogen evolution mechanism in the Eosin-Y (EY) sensitized Mo 2 S 3 /Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) affects the survival rate of patients and limits its clinical application. Tumor recurrence around the ablation area may be related to the thermal injury of hepatocytes (HCs) around the tumor, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Methods: A liver cancer thermal injury mouse model was established via RFA in the C57BL/6 mice. Primary HCs and Kupffer cells (KCs) were isolated and cultured to assess their sensitivity to thermal injury via the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess macrophage polarization. Furthermore, Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were utilized to evaluate the protein expression of intracellular signaling pathway. Finally, Transwell and wound healing assays was conducted to evaluate the invasion potential of liver cancer cells. Results: Our findings revealed that RFA-induced liver thermal injury promoted the upregulation and secretion of HMGB1 in HCs. HMGB1 had a protective effect on HCs thermal injury, potentially mediated through autophagy regulation. Heat-injured HCs release HMGB1, which activates the TREM1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in KCs, thus fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, HMGB1 secretion by heat-injured HCs exacerbates the migration and invasion of HCC cells by influencing macrophage polarization. Conclusion: RFA-induced thermal injury triggers HMGB1 release from HCs, driving macrophage M2 polarization and increasing the invasion ability of liver cancer cells. These findings reveal a potential therapeutic target for combating liver cancer recurrence following thermal ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The S-scheme heterojunction was designed via Cd x Zn 1-x S nanoparticles and amorphous Co 9 S 8 nanodots with different energy band structures. S-scheme heterojuction effectively enhance the separation ability of photogenic charges which caused by the Cd x Zn 1-x S/Co 9 S 8 composite and provided the more strong redox potential, that finally lead to the high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ability. [Display omitted] • The S-scheme heterojunction between Cd x Zn 1-x S and Co 9 S 8 effectually improved the photogenic charges separation and transfer. • The 0D/0D space structure between 0D Cd x Zn 1-x S and 0D amorphous Co 9 S 8 shortens the electron transmission distance. • The introduction of narrow band-gap Co 9 S 8 effectively enhanced the optical capture ability of the composite. • Small Co 9 S 8 interacts with the larger Cd x Zn 1-x S, increasing the dispersion degree of each other. Efficient and inexpensive photocatalysts have always been the goal pursued by many researchers in photocatalytic hydrogen production. Without a doubt, semiconductor photocatalysts with narrow band gaps are more easily excited by light, but cannot satisfy suitable redox ability, these two conditions are irreconcilable. Thus, the construction of a binary or ternary composite is necessary. In this work, a 0D/0D Cd x Zn 1-x S/Co 9 S 8 binary composite was rationally designed with an S-scheme heterojunction via a simple hydrothermal method. The construction of S-scheme heterojunction between them not only retains a more effective redox potential but enhances the transfer rate of photogenerated charges. Here, the bigger size Cd x Zn 1-x S nanoparticles serve as the supporting structure of Co 9 S 8 and suppress its aggregation to some extent. Moreover, the optical absorption competence of the composites was effectively enhanced because of the introduction of narrow bandgap Co 9 S 8 due to its black intrinsic color. And the inner reasons for the enhanced photocatalytic performance were explored via a series of representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Via a simple hydrothermal method, the WP/MoS 2 composites with the high hydrogen evolution activity were successfully synthesized. Moreover, the unique effect of MoS 2 to the enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance in the WP/MoS 2 composites was systematically researched. The research shows that the WP/MoS 2 -1% composite has the best hydrogen evolution activity which reached 555.6 ​μmol within 5 ​h, probably 3 times and 48 times higher compared to bare WP and MoS 2 , respectively. The inner reason of enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance could be attributed to the followed aspects. Thin-film MoS 2 coating on the surface of agglomerated WP nano-particles, not only reducing the electron transmission distance greatly but also significantly increasing the specific surface of the WP/MoS 2 -1% composite. Increased specific surface area tends to provide more active sites which is beneficial to the hydrogen evolution process. Furthermore, the established of type-II heterojunction between WP and MoS 2 effectively suppressed the recombination rate of photo-induced electron-hole pairs and improved the separation and transfer rate of the electrons. All these factors together contribute to the enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance by accelerating charge transfer rate, inhibiting the recombination of photo-induced electron-hole pairs and increasing active sites. The introduction of thin-film MoS 2 offered a new supporting structure to the WP nanoparticles and so that exposed more active sites. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk coagulation is an important step in the production of fermented dairy products such as yogurt and cheese. Jujube is gaining popularity and acceptance as a food ingredient. In China, jujube yogurt is popular among consumers. However, there is limited information on the effect of jujube on acid- and rennet-induced coagulation properties of milk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of jujube pulp at different concentrations on acid- and rennet-induced coagulation kinetics of milk and the microstructure of acid- and rennet-induced gels. During acid-induced coagulation, with increasing jujube pulp concentration, the initial pH value decreased; however, the final pH value increased. The initial elasticity index (EI) value increased, and the time point at which the mean square displacement curves lost the linear trend advanced. The sample with 10% jujube pulp had the densest structure and highest EI value. During rennet-induced coagulation, with increasing jujube pulp concentration, the production rate and amount of caseinomacropeptide decreased, and the final EI value increased. Protein aggregates in rennet-induced gels became rough, and the sample with 20% jujube pulp had the highest EI value. This study provides a new perspective and understanding of the application of jujube in fermented dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on cheap co-catalysts to increase hydrogen evolution and improve catalyst stability is an important developmental direction in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen release. In this work, Mo15S19/CdS nanocomposites were synthesized via a facile multistep synthesis method. On account of the larger specific surface area, more active sites and more favorable photogenic carrier separation of the composite photocatalyst, the 5%-Mo15S19/CdS obtained the highest hydrogen production capacity. The rate reached 142.9 μmol h−1 (10 mg), which is 8.4 times that of the pristine CdS nanorods. The introduction of Mo15S19 can reduce the surface resistance and improve the transportation of photogenerated electrons on the surface of CdS, resulting in a significant reduction in the recombination rate of the photogenerated electrons, thereby promoting the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of CdS. This work not only provides an effective co-catalyst to improve the rate of photocatalytic water splitting of CdS, but also provides a reference for the development of novel high efficiency catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LCL-type converters are widely used in grid-connected systems due to their small size and good filtering performance. However, the resonance suppression problem brought by the LCL filter cannot be ignored. The capacitive current feedback is a commonly used resonance suppression method. In applications, the grid impedance can cause LCL filter resonance. Thus, this paper presents an adaptive resonance suppression method based on the RBF network optimized by particle swarm optimization. This method optimizes the initial parameters of the RBF network through particle swarm optimization, identifies the parameters of the PI controller by RBF neural network's own identification capability, and updates the active damping coefficient based on constraints such as stability margin, thereby realizing the LCL-type inverter to maintain the system stability when the grid impedance changes. The effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineered 2D MXene-based materials for advanced supercapacitors and micro-supercapacitors. [Display omitted] The class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides/oxycarbides (known as MXenes) has shown great potential in energy storage applications due to their intrinsic layered structure, outstanding electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and unique physicochemical properties. This review summarizes the latest progresses of MXene-based materials for supercapacitors and micro-supercapacitors. First, state-of-the-art structural engineering strategies for the construction of novel MXene-based electrodes are highlighted, as the electrochemical performance of MXenes is influenced by their structure, such as interlayer spacing and surface functional group density. Furthermore, the charge storage mechanisms of MXene-based electrodes in different electrolytes are discussed to stimulate further design and development of tailored materials for high-performance devices. Moreover, different device fabrication technologies are summarized and the achievements of specific device geometries (e.g. , fiber-shape, planar-type, and three-dimensional devices) containing MXene-based materials are critically reviewed. Finally, perspectives and outlook for the development of high-performance MXene-based electrodes in terms of material engineering, performance improvement and device innovation are provided, clearly indicating research directions for next-generation advanced energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving multiple cellular participants, of which synovial fibroblasts (SFs) are tightly connected with the development and progression of RA. Here, we provide evidence confirming that KAT7, an H4-specific histone acetylase, is upregulated in SFs of RA patients, which is at least attributed to the stimulation by RA-associated proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β or IFN-γ. In addition, KAT7 overexpression in cultured human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLSs) induces IL-6 and TGF-β expression through an epigenetic mechanism, and in vitro T helper 17 (Th17) cell polarization cultured in these supernatants shows promoted cell differentiation. Moreover, KAT7 overexpression in HFLSs induces CCL20 expression via p44/42 MAPK pathway, whereby promoting Th17 cell migration. These two activities of KAT7 in RA SFs indicate its potential roles in accelerating RA pathology. Overall, these results demonstrate some connections between KAT7 upregulated in RA SFs and RA progression and present the inhibition of KAT7 activity as a novel therapeutic target for interfering RA disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of 5G (fifth-generation wireless systems) determines the future direction of technology and economy and has received extensive public attention. Studying the changing rules of public attention to 5G can provide an important guiding significance for the sustainable development of 5G. This paper takes Baidu Index as the measurement index of 5G public attention and analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of public attention to 5G from 2011 to 2021 by using the elasticity coefficient, Gini coefficient, geographical concentration index, and panel data model. The results of the study show the following. (1) The public concern to 5G is generally on the rise, but the heat has declined in the past two years. (2) The public's 5G attention shows a seasonal effect, with the highest attention in March and June. (3) The spatial difference of 5G public attention is obvious. The eastern region has a high degree of attention, the internal differences between the eastern and western regions are obvious, and the central region is relatively balanced. (4) The factors such as local economic level, education level, Internet development, and media attention have significantly affected the public focus on 5G. Also, some suggestions are made for the sustainable development of 5G and the planning of 6G (sixth-generation wireless systems). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explain the factors contributing to the changes in shear force, pyridinoline cross-links and proteoglycans (decorin and glycosaminoglycans) were investigated in longissimus thoracis (LT) taken from Qinchuan steers. In LT muscles with different marbling levels (C, B, A, S) and the same teeth maturity (group I), the contents of cross-links, decorin and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as well as the shear force declined gradually with increasing marbling while the collagen heat solubility increased. In group II, the heat solubility gradually declined by 58.22% along with the teeth maturity from 0 to 8 permanent incisors at the same marbling level, whereas the shear force increased by 37.49%. The contents of cross-links, decorin and GAGs increased to 0.72 μmol/g collagen, 34.86 μg/g collagen and 25.46 mg/g collagen respectively. Multivariate statistical results indicated that the shear force was positively correlated with the inherent intramuscular connective tissue traits (content of mature cross-links and proteoglycans) and relied more on the collagen heat solubility than on the content of total collagen. The distribution of the score plots definitely indicated that “youthful and marbled” beef had similar beef characteristics, such as high collagen heat solubility and low shear force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids play a significant role in aroma formation. However, lipid variations and their impact on aroma during the processing of quail meat remain unknown. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of lipids and aroma compounds was conducted in circulating non-fried roasted quail meat. Nineteen odorants were identified as key aroma compounds in the roasted quail meat at 40 min with OAVs of >1. The concentrations of most key odorants significantly increased in circulating non-fried roasted (CNR) quail meat within the first 30 min of roasting, reaching maximum values at 40 min. Phospholipids, neutral lipids, and sphingolipids emerged as potential markers for distinguishing different samples. Neutral lipids had the highest peak areas and significantly contributed to the aroma retention. Phospholipids and neutral lipids with unsaturated fatty acids, particularly C 18 acyl groups, played a crucial role in aroma formation. This study provides valuable insights into the role of lipids in determining aroma quality. Graphical abstracts [Display omitted] • Nineteen key aroma compounds were determined in the roasted quail meat at 40 min. • Phospholipids, neutral lipids, and sphingolipids were potential markers. • Neutral lipids, including TG 16:0_16:0_18:0, contributed to the aroma retention. • Phospholipids and neutral lipids were responsible for aroma formation. • Lipidomics and volatilomics can elucidate the lipid role on aroma presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazole[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is one of the most abundant Heterocyclic amines (HAs) in meat products. Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. leaf (ZML) extract has been shown to be rich in polyphenols, which are gaining increasing interest as efficient tools for inhibiting the formation of HAs. In the present work, the effects of ZML extract, major polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside and quercitrin on the formation of PhIP in both roast beef patties and chemical model systems were investigated. UPLC-MS showed that ZML extract and those three polyphenols effectively inhibited PhIP formation. Additionally, GC-MS analysis showed that those three polyphenols significantly reduced the content of phenylacetaldehyde in the model systems, a key intermediate involved in PhIP formation. The subsequent UPLC-MS and TOF-MS/MS analysis found that hyperoside and quercitrin reacted with phenyacetaldehyde to form those four adducts, 8-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)hyperoside, 6-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)hyperoside, 8-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)quercitrin and 6-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)quercitrin, respectively. The results revealed that hyperoside and quercitrin could trap phenylacetaldehyde to form adducts, thereby, retarding the reaction of phenylacetaldehyde and creatinine, blocking the generation of PhIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the three most common cancers of urinary tract cancer, accounting for 2-3% of all systemic cancers. Recent studies have found that miR-199a is lowly expressed in RCC, may act as a tumour suppressor gene to induce the occurrence of kidney cancer. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-199a in the progression and metastasis of RCC. The results showed that miR-199a significantly downregulated in RCC and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-199a in RCC cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR and western blot results showed that miR-199a overexpression significantly downregulated ROCK-1 mRNA and protein levels. ROCK1 was identified as a target of miR-199a, and ectopic expression of miR-199a downregulated ROCK1 by direct binding to its 3′ untranslated region. Together, these findings indicate that miR-199a acts as a tumour suppressor and its downregulation in tumour tissues may contribute to the progression and metastasis of RCC through a mechanism involving ROCK1, suggesting miR-199a as a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in a mouse model, and to explain the underlying mechanism. Curcumin at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day were administered orally once daily for seven days prior to CCl4 exposure. At 24 h, curcumin-attenuated CCl4 induced elevated serum transaminase activities and histopathological damage in the mouse's liver. Curcumin pre-treatment at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced oxidative stress, characterized by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formations, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) content, followed by a decrease in caspase-9 and -3 activities. Curcumin pre-treatment significantly decreased CCl4-induced inflammation. Furthermore, curcumin pre-treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNAs (both p < 0.01), and up-regulated the expression of nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and HO-1 mRNA (both p < 0.01) in the liver. Inhibition of HO-1 attenuated the protective effect of curcumin on CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Given these outcomes, curcumin could protect against CCl4-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, which may partly involve the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now, mobile applications grow at an exponential speed and their evolution activities are very active, while there is little research on the evolution of mobile apps. To have a better understanding of the evolution of mobile apps and find similarities or patterns in their evolution process, we conduct an empirical study on long spans in the lifetime of 8 typical open-source mobile apps, which covers 348 official releases. First, we try to verify whether Lehman's laws still apply to mobile apps or not, extract a variety of metrics of the apps, and use statistical hypothesis testing to validate these laws. We find enough data that support a subset of Lehman's laws, while the rest do not. Second, we make some novel observations, eg, the growth of mobile apps is nonsmooth, and some versions of the apps have a great growth in their evolution. Enough data confirming that software instability increases great with the addition of third-party method invocations, and automatic build and manage tool based on contract is introduced into project as apps continue evolving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]