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Due to the small size of uranium minerals, the occupations of U4+ and U6+, Th and Pb in uraninite is little studied. The coarse giant uraninite (CGU) from Miyi with size up to 1 cm is one of the best samples for studying uraninite mineralogical property. CGU mainly composed of UO2, ThO2, PbO, CaO. There are three forms of occurrence of U, namely UO2, UO3, and UO2+x; and impurity such as ThO2, PbO, CaO may entering the mineral lattice, which can affect mineral properties and facilitate the chemical reactions during mineralization and leaching processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: A chromosome fragment influencing wheat heading and grain size was identified using mapping of m406 mutant. The study of TaFPF1 in this fragment provides more insights into wheat yield improvement. In recent years, wheat production has faced formidable challenges driven by rapid population growth and climate change, emphasizing the importance of improving specific agronomic traits such as heading date, spike length, and grain size. To identify potential genes for improving these traits, we screened a wheat EMS mutant library and identified a mutant, designated m406, which exhibited a significantly delayed heading date compared to the wild-type. Intriguingly, the mutant also displayed significantly longer spike and larger grain size. Genetic analysis revealed that a single recessive gene was responsible for the delayed heading. Surprisingly, a large 46.58 Mb deletion at the terminal region of chromosome arm 2DS in the mutant was identified through fine mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Thus, the phenotypes of the mutant m406 are controlled by a group of linked genes. This deletion encompassed 917 annotated high-confidence genes, including the previously studied wheat genes Ppd1 and TaDA1, which could affect heading date and grain size. Multiple genes in this region probably contribute to the phenotypes of m406. We further investigated the function of TaFPF1 using gene editing. TaFPF1 knockout mutants showed delayed heading and increased grain size. Moreover, we identified the direct upstream gene of TaFPF1 and investigated its relationship with other important flowering genes. Our study not only identified more genes affecting heading and grain development within this deleted region but also highlighted the potential of combining these genes for improvement of wheat traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tamusu area in Inner Mongolia is a candidate site for the first clay rock repository in China. Comprehensive analyses conducted on stratigraphic characteristics, mineralogy, structural geology, and three-dimensional geological modeling in the Tamusu area showed that: the thickness of clay rock is more than 200 m with burial depth ranging from 200 to 800 m, which is mainly composed of zeolite, dolomite, and illite. Fractures are not well developed and the tectonic environment is stable. Additionally, the terrain and landform are relatively flat and desolate. These findings suggest that the Tamusu area presents favorable geological conditions for the construction and operation of a high-level radioactive waste repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial islands and land reclamation are one of the most important ways to expand urban space in coastal cities. Long-term consolidation of reclaimed material and compaction of marine sediments can cause ground subsidence, which may threaten the buildings and infrastructure on the reclaimed lands. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the land subsidence and predict the future deformation trend to mitigate the damage and take measures for the land reclamation and any infrastructure. In this paper, a total of 125 SAR images acquired by the C-band Sentinel-1A satellite between June 2017 and September 2021 are collected. The small baseline subsets (SBAS) SAR interferometry (InSAR) method is first conducted to detect the land deformation in Xiamen and Zhangzhou cities of Fujian Province, China, and the distributed scatterers (DS)-InSAR method is used to recover the complete deformation history of some typical areas including Xiamen Airport in Dadeng Island and Shuangyu Island. Then, the sequential estimation and the geotechnical model are jointly applied to demonstrate the current and future evolution of land subsidence of the constructed roads on Shuangyu Island. The results show that the maximum cumulative deformation reaches 425 mm of Xiamen Xiang'an Airport and 626 mm of Shuangyu Island, and the maximum deformation is predicted to be as large as 1.1 m by 2026 of Shuangyu Island. This research will provide important guidelines for the design and construction of Xiamen Xiang'an Airport and Shuangyu Island to prevent and control land subsidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: A chromosome‐specific painting technique has been developed which combines the most recent approaches of the companion disciplines of molecular cytogenetics and genome research. We developed seven oligonucleotide (oligo) pools derivd from single‐copy sequences on chromosomes 1 to 7 of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and corresponding collinear regions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The seven groups of pooled oligos comprised between 10 986 and 12 496 45‐bp monomers, and these then produced stable fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals on chromosomes of each linkage group of wheat and barley. The pooled oligo probes were applied to high‐throughput karyotyping of the chromosomes of other Triticeae species in the genera Secale, Aegilops, Thinopyrum, and Dasypyrum, and the study also extended to some wheat‐alien amphiploids and derived lines. We demonstrated that a complete set of whole‐chromosome oligo painting probes facilitated the study of inter‐species chromosome homologous relationships and visualized non‐homologous chromosomal rearrangements in Triticeae species and some wheat‐alien species derivatives. When combined with other non‐denaturing FISH procedures using tandem‐repeat oligos, the newly developed oligo painting techniques provide an efficient tool for the study of chromosome structure, organization, and evolution among any wild Triticeae species with non‐sequenced genomes. Significance Statement: We developed seven oligonucleotide pools based on single‐copy sequences on seven chromosomes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and corresponding collinear regions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The approach has greatly improved the resolution of chromosome identification for high‐throughput karyotyping of representative wild Triticeae species and the probes enable to characterize chromosome rearrangements for wheat‐alien transfer and evolutionary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain finance (SCF) plays a prominent role in solving the small-middle enterprises financing difficulties. But its credit risk is easy to conduct and magnify by the supply chain relation to develop into system risk. In the paper the main structure and causal relationship of SCF credit risk system are analyzed. And then the intelligent analysis system model of SCF credit risk evolving mechanism is constructed based on systematic dynamic, which simulates how the key factors act to each other and how they function to SCF credit risk. The intelligent analysis results show that: (1) The sub-system of bank, core enterprise, small-mid enterprise and risk intermediary interact and constitute the SCF credit risk system. (2) The credit risk management strategy execution and the management infrastructure input of the bank sub-system can promote improving the management base of core enterprise and small-mid enterprises. (3) To increase the management efficiency of core enterprise and small-mid enterprises can improve enterprises operating level and solvency, and then decrease the SCF credit risk. And also, the core enterprise influences the SMEs' solvency by actively function to the operation ability. (4) The increasing of risk intermediary can accelerate to the SCF loan quantity, and at the same time, reduce the credit risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Introgression of chromatin from Secale species into common wheat has for decades been a successful strategy for controlling the wheat diseases. The wild Secale species, Secale africanum Stapf., is a valuable source for resistance to foliar disease of wheat. A wheat-S. africanum chromosome 6Rafr substitution line displayed resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust at the adult-plant stage. Results: Wheat-S. africanum chromosome 6Rafr deletion and translocation lines were produced and identified by sequential non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) using multiple Oligo-based probes. Different ND-FISH patterns were observed between S. cereale 6R and S. africanum 6Rafr. With reference to the physical map of the draft genome sequence of rye inbred line Lo7, a comprehensive PCR marker analysis indicated that insertions and deletions had occurred by random exchange between chromosomes 6R and 6Rafr. A survey of the wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr lines for disease resistance indicated that a powdery mildew resistance gene(s) was present on the long arm of 6Rafr at FL0.85–1.00, and that a stripe rust resistance gene(s) was located in the terminal region of 6RafrS at FL0.95–1.00. The wheat-S. africanum 6Rafr introgression lines also displayed superior agronomic traits, indicating that the chromosome 6Rafr may have little linkage drag in the wheat background. Conclusions: The combination of molecular and cytogenetic methods allowed to precisely identify the chromosome rearrangements in wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr substitution, deletion and translocation lines, and compare the structural difference between chromosomes 6R and 6Rafr. The wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr lines containing gene(s) for powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance could be used as novel germplasm for wheat breeding by chromosome engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land subsidence (LS) is a global phenomenon that has affected several urban centres around the world such as Jakarta (Indonesia), Mexico City (Mexico), Xi'an (China), and Iron County (US). It has mainly been attributed to anthropogenic activities such as groundwater exploitation, especially in unconsolidated aquifer systems rich in highly compressible clay and silt. The platy clay minerals rearrange into horizontal stacks after dewatering, leading to a volume change due to overburden. In this study, land subsidence is investigated in the Quetta and Mastung districts, Balochistan, Pakistan, by employing Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and groundwater level (GWL) variations. This study represents the first attempt in Pakistan to measure the long-term land subsidence by fusing GNSS and InSAR data for improved validity. InSAR data from the Sentinel-1 satellite in the Ascending (195 scenes) and Descending (183 scenes) tracks were used to analyse LS from December 2015 to December 2022. High-accuracy Trimble NetRS GNSS receivers were used in five locations from October 2006 to December 2022. An average subsidence ranging from 3.2 cm/y to 16 cm/y was recorded in the valley mainly due to the GWL decline and clay-rich sediments, which are prone to compaction due to dewatering. An accumulative LS of 2 m was recorded by the permanent GNSS station in central Quetta from October 2008 to January 2023 (14.2 years). An acceleration in the subsidence from 12 cm/y to 16.6 cm/y after 2016 was recorded by the continuous GNSS. Additionally, the InSAR and GNSS values were compared for validation, resulting in a good correlation between both techniques. A GWL decline ranging from 1.7 m to 6 m was recorded by the piezometers in Quetta during the period 1987–2022. Large- and small-scale fissures were observed in the study area during the surveys. These fissures are responsible for damage to the city's infrastructure and aquifer contamination. The subsidence profile also agrees with the subsurface lithology. Our assessment concludes that Quetta may be the fastest-sinking metropolitan city in Pakistan. The overexploitation of groundwater and the population explosion may be the main contributing factors for the land subsidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: During thermal exposure, the sintering of the plasma‐sprayed thermal barrier coatings (PS‐TBCs) is highly dependent on the healing of the two‐dimensional (2D) pores (including the inter‐splat pores and the intra‐splat cracks), as reported in the previous Part‐I and Part‐II based on free‐standing coatings. As a further study, this part aims to reveal the effect of substrate constraint on healing behavior of the 2D pores, since the coatings are actually bonded to superalloy substrate during real service. The healing of the 2D pores was quantitatively examined, and the multiscale mechanical properties were determined during the overall thermal exposure. In addition, a structure model was used to quantitatively correlate the evolution of 2D pores with mechanical property. The results of experiments and model prediction show that, different from the two‐stage evolutionary trends in free‐standing coatings, the overall evolution trends of microstructure and property can be divided into 3 stages affected by the substrate constraint. Moreover, the anisotropic healing of the 2D pores reported in free‐standing coatings was enhanced significantly due to the additional stress in coatings resulting from constraint of substrate. This means that the healing of inter‐splat pores became faster and severer. Given that, an outlook on structural tailoring to retard the performance degradation of TBCs was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During thermal exposure, the sintering process of the plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (PS-TBCs) presents significant two-stage kinetics, as reported in the Part I. As a companion study, this part aims to reveal the mechanism responsible for the ultrafast sintering kinetics when initially exposed, since the initial short stage (stage-I) often finishes most increment of the mechanical and thermal properties. A detailed examination of the pore healing behavior was carried out, based on the experimental result in Part I that the dominant structural change at the stage-I is the significant healing at intersplat pore tips. Results show that the smooth splat surface, which made up the wedge-shaped intersplat pores, changed to a rough surface with multiscale convexs after high-temperature thermal exposure. Moreover, the multiscale roughening is highly sensitive to various orientations of the columnar grains inside the splats. Subsequently, multipoint connection between the counter-surfaces of the intersplat pores was formed by the bridging of multiscale convexs. This multiscale multipoint connection between pore surfaces significantly accelerated the healing of intersplat pores, which can be dominantly responsible for the ultrafast sintering kinetics at the stage-I. This comprehensive sintering mechanism could offer some positive suggestions toward prolonging the thermal-insulating effect of TBCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive sintering mechanism for lamellar thermal barrier coatings was reported experimentally and theoretically in this study. To begin with, an overall property evolution with two-stage kinetics was presented during thermal exposure. The increase in mechanical property at initial thermal exposure duration (stage-I) was much faster with respect to that in the following longer duration (stage-II). At the stage-I, the in situ pore healing behavior revealed that the significant faster sintering kinetics was attributed to the rapid healing induced by multipoint connection at the intersplat pore tips, as well as a small quantity of the narrow intrasplat cracks. At the following stage-II, the residual wide intersplat pore parts and the wide intrasplat cracks decreased the possibility of multiconnection at their counter-surfaces, resulting in a much lower sintering kinetic. Moreover, a structural model based on the microstructure of plasma sprayed YSZ coatings was developed to correlate the microstructural evolution with mechanical property. Consequently, the model predicted a two-stage evolutionary trend of mechanical property, which is well consistent with experiments. In brief, by revealing the pore healing behavior, this comprehensive sintering mechanism shed light to the structure tailoring toward the advanced TBCs with both higher thermal-insulating effect and longer life time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ground subsidence time series from five SAR sensors are fused with Quantile-Quantile Adjustment method. • The deceleration-acceleration-deceleration-rebound process is revealed in Xi'an over the past 30 years. • The ground subsidence is correlated with the urban extension and ground water extraction in Xi'an. • The elastic and inelastic water storage coefficients of the aquifer are calculated. Since the 1960s, Xi'an, China, has suffered from severe ground subsidence due to groundwater extraction and continuous urban construction. During the urbanization process, ground subsidence has threatened and will continue to threaten the stability of the city's infrastructure. Additionally, parts of Xi'an have recently experienced a period of rebound. In this context, we must monitor the spatial and long-term evolution of deformation in Xi'an city. First, archived SAR datasets from 1992 to the present, including ERS1/2, Envisat/ASAR, TerraSAR-X(TSX), ALSO/PALSAR-2(ALOS-2), and Sentinel-1(S1), provided independent historical deformation data in Xi'an city; different SAR interferometry methods can obtain the deformation rates and deformation time-series of the region. Second, to fuse the deformation time-series acquired by different sensors, the Quantile-Quantile Adjustment (QQA) algorithm was used to generate the long-term deformation time-series from October 2003 to May 2021, which has a higher precision than when using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method. Quantitatively, the standard deviation (STD) of the QQA method was only 22 mm at maximum, considerably smaller than the 54 mm obtained with the SVD method. Third, ERS1/2 was linked by the segmental interpolation method to obtain the 30-year deformation time-series of Xi'an, which showed that ground deformation in Xi'an from 1992 to 2021 has experienced a "deceleration-acceleration-deceleration-rebound" process, with a maximum cumulative subsidence of over 2 m. Finally, land use type data and hydraulic head change data were also collected to analyze the deformation information. At the same time, the elastic and inelastic water storage coefficients of the aquifer were calculated by combining the long-term deformation time-series and groundwater head data; the deformation mechanism of the aquifer was analyzed accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technique is an effective means to monitor ground deformation with high spatial resolution over large areas. However, it is still difficult to obtain the spatially continuous deformation map due to SAR decorrelation or SAR distortion, which greatly limits the usage of the InSAR deformation map, especially for spatiotemporal characterizing and mechanism inversion. Some conventional methods (e.g., spatial interpolation) rely only on the deformation measurements without considering the influence factors, leading to the inaccuracy of the deformation prediction. So, we propose a multifactor-based machine learning model, namely the K-RFR model, that combines K-means clustering and random forest regression algorithm to reconstruct a continuous deformation map, where the influence factors on ground deformation are considered, such as land use, geological engineering, and under groundwater extraction. We take the city of Xi'an, China, as the study area where SBAS-InSAR was used to obtain the ground deformation maps from 2012 to 2015. Fourteen influence factors are employed, including confined water level, change of confined water, phreatic water level, change of phreatic water, rainfall, ground fissures, stratigraphic lithology, landform, hydrogeology, engineering geology, type of land use, soil type, GDP, and DEM, where the K-means clustering method is used to reduce the influence of spatial heterogeneity. The study area is divided into three homogeneous regions and modeled independently, where the mean squared errors of region I–III are 2.9 mm, 2.3 mm, and 3.9 mm, respectively, and the mean absolute errors are 2.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.8 mm, respectively. Finally, the continuous ground deformation maps of Xi'an from 2012 to 2015 are reconstructed. We compared the new method with two interpolation methods. Results show that the correlation coefficient between prediction and InSAR measurements of the new model is 0.94, whereas the ordinary Kriging method is 0.69, and the IDW method is only 0.63. This study provides an effective means to predict the continuous surface deformation over a large area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Static random-access memory (SRAM) circuits exposed to pulsed X- or γ-rays will suffer transient radiation upsets, which poses a significant challenge to their reliability. The transient radiation upsets are caused by global photocurrents, which are governed by the interconnect resistance of the power supply lines and the local photocurrents generated in each memory cell. Thus, accurate modeling of local photocurrents in each memory cell is essential for predicting the global photocurrents and transient radiation upset thresholds of SRAM circuits. In this study, the local photocurrents generated in a 0.18-μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) SRAM cell are extracted using a physics-based model of the actual device structure, rather than an analytical or experimental model. The memory cell containing six transistors and parasitic structures is accurately modeled in three-dimensions. Its responses to pulsed γ-rays are simulated with an in-house parallel semiconductor device simulation program, which enables the extraction of accurate local photocurrents. These local photocurrents, together with the interconnect resistance of the power supply lines in SRAM circuits, are modeled and simulated with an in-house parallel SPICE circuit solver. Using this approach, the global photocurrents in the 0.18-μm CMOS SRAM circuit irradiated with γ-rays are obtained and the known rail-span-collapse effect is observed. Finally, the transient radiation upset threshold of the SRAM circuit is predicted numerically and verified experimentally. • The 3D structure of a six-transistor SRAM cell is modeled in detail and its responses to radiation are simulated, to accurately extract the local photocurrents. • The global photocurrents in a SRAM circuit are obtained by modeling it as a global power distribution network model composing of local photocurrents and interconnect resistance. • The transient radiation upset threshold of a 0.18-um CMOS SRAM circuit is numerically predicted and verified with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of ajet flow are analyzed. A rotating cone water jet is formed by using plus adding a special spiral section on the basis of research at home and abroad. According to the structural characteristics of the spiral groove, combined with the characteristics of the nozzle and requirements, a spin and nozzle structure is designed which has a spiral groove with certain parameters. A rotating conical water jet is thereby obtained. The force is analyzed in a high pressure pipe and fluid while spinning, and these are analyzed for the contraction in the force of the abrasive particles and the force of the fluid leaving the jet nozzle. The movement characteristics of the particles are understood as fluid in the jet formation process, which provides data support for further study for adding abrasive particles. A trajectory equation of the rotating cone water jet is derived based on the characteristics of the fluid movement, focusing on the actual movement of the fluid. The movement characteristics and mechanical properties of the fluid in a nozzle are also analyzed. The influence of nozzle structure parameters on the formation of the jet is obtained through experimental study. This shows that the cross section of the ring or circle diameter D correspondingly decreases with the increase of pitch H. and the inner diameter D essentially remains unchanged. The section shape of the basis is a circle with a center hole with a diameter of 2 mm. The brightness of the section with the hole is inferior to the condition of the one without a hole. The increasing trend of circle diameter D is more than that of the inner diameter D as the nozzle diameter di increases. These are the theoretical and experimental foundations for further optimizing spinning structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid between Brassica napus and B. rapa displays obvious heterosis in both growth performance and stress tolerances. A comparative transcriptome analysis for B. napus (AnAnCC genome), B. rapa (ArAr genome), and its hybrid F1 (AnArC genome) was carried out to reveal the possible molecular mechanisms of heterosis at the gene expression level. A total of 40,320 nonredundant unigenes were identified using B. rapa (AA genome) and B. oleracea (CC genome) as reference genomes. A total of 6,816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped in the A and C genomes with 4,946 DEGs displayed nonadditively by comparing the gene expression patterns among the three samples. The coexistence of nonadditive DEGs including high-parent dominance, low-parent dominance, overdominance, and underdominance was observed in the gene action modes of F1 hybrid, which were potentially related to the heterosis. The coexistence of multiple gene actions in the hybrid was observed and provided a list of candidate genes and pathways for heterosis. The expression bias of transposable element-associated genes was also observed in the hybrid compared to their parents. The present study could be helpful for the better understanding of the determination and regulation of mechanisms of heterosis to aid Brassica improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two wheat- Thinopyrum substitution lines X479 and X482 selected from the progenies of wheat 'Mianyang26 (MY26)' × wheat- Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. trichophorum partial amphiploid were characterized by seed storage protein electrophoresis, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and PCR-based molecular markers. Seed storage protein analysis showed that X479 expressed some of Th. intermedium ssp. trichophorum-specific gliadin and glutenin bands. Chromosome counting and GISH probed by Pseudoroegneria spicata genomic DNA indicated that two pairs of Thinopyrum-derived chromosomes (St genome and St-J translocated chromosomes) substituted for two pairs of wheat chromosomes in both X479 and X482. FISH using pAs1 and pHvG38 as probes showed that chromosomes 1B and 4B, and 4D and 6D were absent in X479 and X482, respectively. Using the newly isolated J chromosome-specific repetitive sequence pDb12H as a probe, the FISH signals revealed that the translocation of St-J chromosomes in X479 and X482 occurred in repetitive sequence regions of the short arm. The molecular markers based on wheat-rice colinearity confirmed that the chromosome constitutions of X479 and X482 were 1St (1B) + 4St-4J (4B) and 4St-J (4D) + 6St (6D), respectively. The substitution lines were both fully fertile which suggests that the Th. intermedium chromosomes in X479 and X482 substitute well for the corresponding wheat chromosomes. The rust resistance and novel agronomic traits revealed that the substitution lines will be potentially useful for genetic improvement of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents study to produce St-chromosome-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) and SCAR markers, and their use to detect the St-chromosome in wheat–Thinopyrum (Th.) intermedium introgression lines. It mentions pairs of PLUG primers from wheat chromosomes were used to amplify the genomic DNA of Chinese Spring (CS) and Pseudoroegneria spicata (Ps. spicata). It adds primer pairs that could amplify polymorphism fragments from Ps. spicata.

Powdery mildew (PM) is a very destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum introgression line CH7086 was shown to possess powdery mildew resistance possibly originating from Th. ponticum. Genomic in situ hybridization and molecular characterization of the alien introgression failed to identify alien chromatin. To study the genetics of resistance, CH7086 was crossed with susceptible genotypes. Segregation in F2 populations and F2:3 lines tested with Chinese Bgt race E09 under controlled conditions indicated that CH7086 carries a single dominant gene for powdery mildew resistance. Fourteen SSR and EST-PCR markers linked with the locus were identified. The genetic distances between the locus and the two flanking markers were 1.5 and 3.2 cM, respectively. Based on the locations of the markers by nullisomic-tetrasomic and deletion lines of ‘Chinese Spring’, the resistance gene was located in deletion bin 2BL-0.89-1.00. Conserved orthologous marker analysis indicated that the genomic region flanking the resistance gene has a high level of collinearity to that of rice chromosome 4 and Brachypodium chromosome 5. Both resistance specificities and tests of allelism suggested the resistance gene in CH7086 was different from previously reported powdery mildew resistance genes on 2BL, and the gene was provisionally designated PmCH86. Molecular analysis of PmCH86 compared with other genes for resistance to Bgt in the 2BL-0.89-1.00 region suggested that PmCH86 may be a new PM resistance gene, and it was therefore designated as Pm51. The closely linked flanking markers could be useful in exploiting this putative wheat-Thinopyrum translocation line for rapid transfer of Pm51 to wheat breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to uses paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) methods to recognize the initial deposit position and to track the paleoflow at the origin of an iron skarn-related deposit. The Yamansu deposit is located in eastern Tianshan. This province has a substantial mining potential for Fe–(Cu) skarn, Cu–Ni and V–Ti orthomagmatic deposits, and orogenic Au lodes. Recent publication dates the Yamansu deposit at 323 Ma, and uses this deposit to define a model of Submarine Volcanogenic Iron Oxide (SVIO) deposits (Hou et al., 2014a,b). In the proposed model the Yamansu stratoïd ore bodies formed horizontally within the central venting part of a large submarine composite volcano in a back-arc environment. However, at Yamansu the ore bodies are tilted vertically by the large scale dextral strike-slip faulting during the Permian. The Carboniferous positions are thus overprinted and unknown. Understanding the initial geometry and structures of the Yamansu deposit is then necessary to test and/or improve the proposed SVIO model. Field observations evidence an emplacement of the basalt as sill and their alteration into skarn. Magnetic mineralogy results show that the magnetic remanence and susceptibility are carried by magnetite. Paleomagnetic measurements on massive garnet skarn and basaltic sill distinguish two groups of samples. The higher coercivity samples give a mean remanence direction that is compatible with regional Late Carboniferous directions after bedding correction. This result indicates that both the basaltic sill and the massive garnet skarn were horizontal when formed. The AMS results agree with the paleomagnetic data because the magnetic foliations after bedding correction are horizontal and the well-defined magnetic lineation suggests the existence of a horizontal fluid flow during metasomatism. These results indicate that the basaltic sill horizontally intruded the Carboniferous limestones intercalated within the volcanic pile. Metasomatic iron-rich fluid probably ascended along a pre-existing fault and was injected horizontally into the limestone and sill, and then caused extensive skarnization and deposited the magnetite before tilting due to the Permian right-lateral strike-slip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aegilops uniaristata has many agronomically useful traits that can be used for wheat breeding. So far, a Triticum turgidum - Ae. uniaristata amphiploid and one set of Chinese Spring (CS) - Ae. uniaristata addition lines have been produced. To guide Ae. uniaristata chromatin transformation from these lines into cultivated wheat through chromosome engineering, reliable cytogenetic and molecular markers specific for Ae. uniaristata chromosomes need to be developed. Standard C-banding shows that C-bands mainly exist in the centromeric regions of Ae. uniaristata but rarely at the distal ends. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using (GAA)8 as a probe showed that the hybridization signal of chromosomes 1N-7N are different, thus (GAA)8 can be used to identify all Ae. uniaristata chromosomes in wheat background simultaneously. Moreover, a total of 42 molecular markers specific for Ae. uniaristata chromosomes were developed by screening expressed sequence tag - sequence tagged site (EST-STS), expressed sequence tag - simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR), and PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) primers. The markers were subsequently localized using the CS - Ae. uniaristata addition lines and different wheat cultivars as controls. The cytogenetic and molecular markers developed herein will be helpful for screening and identifying wheat - Ae. uniaristata progeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable, highly fertile wheat Secale africanum substitution line LF24, derived from the F generation of a cross between Mianyang11 (MY11) and Triticum durum, S. africanum amphiploid (YF) was identified through molecular cytogenetic analysis. Application of C-banding, in situ hybridization and molecular markers analysis showed that LF24 was a wheat S. africanum 2R(2D) substitution line. When inoculated with stripe rust isolates, T. durum and MY11 were highly susceptible, while S. africanum, YF and LF24 were immune. It is confirmed through molecular cytogenetic analysis that the stripe rust resistance of LF24 was derived from S. africanum chromosome 2R. We compared the banding patterns and disease resistance of reported chromosomes 2R from different S. cereale introduced into wheat background, and found that there was new stripe rust resistance gene(s) on S. africanum 2R. LF24 is a new substitution line which can be used as stripe rust resistant source in wheat improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on three-dimensional (3D) subsurface geological surveys and modelling in the Xiangshan uraniferous volcanic basin, Le'an county, Jiangxi Province being a pilot project of the China Geological Survey. Topics include the Xiangshan volcanic basin is the third largest volcanic-type uranium ore field worldwide, and the composed of Lower Cretaceous rhyodacite and porphyritic lava with shattered phenocrysts.

Abstract: The total chromatic number of a graph G is the minimum number of colors needed to color the elements (vertices and edges) of G such that no adjacent or incident pair of elements receive the same color. G is called Type 1 if . In this paper we prove that the join of a complete inequibipartite graph and a path is of Type 1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The geology of Tamusu site candidate for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in Inner Mongolia in China was characterized by large size, moderate burial, good integrity, strong nuclide adsorption, very low permeability, high stress strength, and a relatively stable regional tectonic environment. An evaluation system of QCHLW for the suitability of clay rock strata for HLW geological disposal was proposed and applied to Tamusu site candidate. The result shows that the geological factors meet the requirements of China for a clay rock site for an HLW geological repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reclamation is an effective strategy for alleviating land scarcity in coastal areas, thereby providing additional arable land and opportunities for marine ranching. Monitoring the safety of artificial reclamation embankments is crucial for protecting these reclaimed areas. This study employed synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) using 224 Sentinel-1A data, spanning from 9 January 2016 to 8 April 2024, to investigate the deformation characteristics of the coastal reclamation embankment in Funing Bay, China. We optimized the phase-unwrapping network by employing ambiguity-detection and redundant-observation methods to facilitate the multitemporal InSAR phase-unwrapping process. The deformation results indicated that the maximum observed land subsidence rate exceeded 50 mm per year. The Funing Bay embankment exhibited a higher level of internal deformation than areas closer to the sea. Time-series analysis revealed a gradual deceleration in the deformation rate. Furthermore, a geotechnical model was utilized to predict future deformation trends. Understanding the spatial dynamics of deformation characteristics in the Funing Bay reclamation embankment will be beneficial for ensuring the safe operation of future coastal reclamation projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• At first, the heat transfer in the corner area is weaker than that in the non-corner area. • The influence of corner area decreases when polygon side number increases. • under action of main and secondary flow, with increase of P, d and R, h decreases. • The curvature parameters are introduced in the Nusselt number correlations. The RNG K – ε turbulence enhanced wall treatment model is used to investigate the characteristic influence of supercritical CO 2 on cooling heat transfer and pressure drop in the horizontal helically coiled tube with non-circular cross section. The comparisons of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are operated when the cross section is non-circular. With the increase of polygon edge number, the heat transfer and pressure drop increase, but the increase range gradually decreases. When the polygon edge number increases to a certain extent, the pressure drop decreases. Then the influence of the characteristic parameters pitch P , diameter d and radius R of helically coiled tube on the flow and heat transfer with non-circular cross section are studied. The results show that under the action of main flow and secondary flow, with the increase of pitch P , diameter d and radius R , the heat transfer decreases and the change of pressure drop is different. Based on the numerical simulation results, the curvature parameters are introduced in the Nusselt number correlation in the case of supercritical CO 2 cooling heat transfer in octagon cross section helically coiled tubes, which has high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tamusu area in Inner Mongolia is one of the favorable site candidates for high level radioactive waste (HLW) repository, which requires a stable regional tectonic environment. Field investigation, mossbauer spectroscopy, major elements, carbon and oxygen isotope and quartz micro morphology of fault gouge and host rock of three faults in the site candidate were conducted. The results show that the F2 and F7 faults on the north and south sides of the site candidate are in a relatively stable state with good sealing and weak activity. Part of the F4 fault is located in the site candidate, and the deportment of a small amount of pyrite in the fault zone and the difference of carbon and oxygen isotopes indicate that it may have experienced material exchange with the deep zone. Attention should be paid to induced earthquake risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors influencing uranium recovery in water-rock systems during acid in-situ leaching (ISL) were studied at the Kujieertai uranium deposit in Xinjiang. Using an ISL unit, a field leach trial (FLT) had been carried out to test the sequential effects of a leaching solution without oxidant (H 2 SO 4 solution 4–8 g/L) and a leaching solution with oxidant (H 2 SO 4 3–7 g/L, and Fe (III) 2–6 g/L). The observation of the leaching process revealed clearly defined stages of uranium release from the solid mineral to solution. Uranium mobilization from solid mineral into solution can be described in four stages. At the beginning of the acid ISL process, there was no oxidant to be added to the leaching solution and the desorption of hexavalent uranyl ions in the open pores, as well as dissolution of hexavalent uranium minerals, led to a short-term peak in the pregnant solution, which happened while pH decreased from about 5.3 to 2.62. Following the depletion of the adsorbed hexavalent uranium and a decline in uranium dissolution intensity, the addition of Fe(III) facilitated the oxidation of tetravalent uranium, which enabled intensive uranium mobilization again. During this process, the dissolution of uranium had a strong positive correlation with the reduction of Fe(III) and Eh in the leach solution. Beside hydrochemical factors, the deportment of uranium was also an important factor affecting uranium recovery. Uranium located in the open pores can be completely exposed to the solution and the mobilization intensity was significantly affected by hydrogeochemical conditions; but the uranium present in microfissures and in the ore matrix could not be fully exposed to the solution, so, their dissolution intensity was primarily controlled by corrosion and permeability of the ore. In general, the hydrogeochemical conditions and the deportment of uranium were the external and internal factors that significantly affected the dissolution and recovery of uranium in the early and middle stages of the FLT. However, in the latest stages, due to uranium depletion, enhancing the chemical potential of the leaching solution, specifically acidity and/or the amount of oxidant, had little improvement on uranium recovery. • Long range field data of uranium in-situ leaching was presented; • Hydrogeochemical factors affecting uranium dissolution and migration had been observed and illustrated. • The influence of uranium deportment on uranium migration is inflected by stage characteristics of leaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which discusses status of silicon in magnetite. Topics include occurrence of magnetite from hydrothermal to magmatic rocks, which has inverse spinel structure, study of Yamansu iron deposit in Xinjiang Province in China, and involvement of artificial synthetic magnetite in hydrothermal circumstances.

The article focuses on study which is conducted to recover the direction of the ancient magmatic flow through the study of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of the rhyodacite and porphyroclastic lava. It mentions ancient volcanic calderas combined with remote sensing, geological, geophysical and drilling data. It also mentions discovery of the uranium-bearing ancient volcanic calderas using AMS, which is firstly conducted in China.

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating fungal diseases of wheat worldwide. It is essential to discover more sources of stripe rust resistance genes for wheat breeding programs. Specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) is a powerful tool for the construction of high-density genetic maps. In this study, a set of 200 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between wheat cultivars Chuanmai 42 (CH42) and Chuanmai 55 (CH55) was used to construct a high-density genetic map and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for stripe rust resistance using SLAF-seq technology. A genetic map of 2828.51 cM, including 21 linkage groups, contained 6732 single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP). Resistance QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2A, and 7B; Qyr.saas-7B was derived from CH42, whereas Qyr.saas-1B and Qyr.saas-2A were from CH55. The physical location of Qyr.saas-1B, which explained 6.24–34.22% of the phenotypic variation, overlapped with the resistance gene Yr29. Qyr.saas-7B accounted for up to 20.64% of the phenotypic variation. Qyr.saas-2A, a minor QTL, was found to be a likely new stripe rust resistance locus. A significant additive effect was observed when all three QTLs were combined. The combined resistance genes could be of value in breeding wheat for stripe rust resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large proportion of the genomes of grasses is comprised of tandem repeats (TRs), which include satellite DNA. A mini-satellite DNA sequence with a length of 44 bp, named Ta-3A1, was found to be highly accumulated in wheat genome, as revealed by a comprehensive sequence analysis. The physical distribution of Ta-3A1 in chromosomes 3A, 5A, 5B, 5D, and 7A of wheat was confirmed by nondenaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) after labeling the oligonucleotide probe. The analysis of monomer variants indicated that rapid sequence amplification of Ta-3A1 occurred first on chromosomes of linkage group 5, then groups 3 and 7. Comparative ND-FISH analysis suggested that rapid changes occurred in copy number and chromosomal locations of Ta-3A1 among the different species in the tribe Triticeae, which may have been associated with chromosomal rearrangements during speciation and polyploidization. The labeling and subsequent use of Ta-3A1 by ND-FISH may assist in the precise identification and documentation of novel wheat germplasm engineered by chromosome manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors influencing uranium migration in water-rock systems during acid in-situ leaching (ISL) were studied at the Kujieertai uranium deposit in Xinjiang. Using an ISL unit, we tested the sequential effects of a leaching solution without oxidant (H2SO4 solution 4–8 g/L) and a leaching solution with oxidant (H2SO4 3–7 g/L, and Fe (III) 2–6 g/L). The observation of the leaching process revealed clearly defined stages of uranium migration from the solid mineral to solution. At the beginning of the acid ISL process, the oxidant was not added to the leaching solution and the dissolution of hexavalent uranium at the mineral surface led to a rapid increase in uranium concentration followed by a decrease in uranium concentration in the solution. This change occurred when the pH value was less than 4.5 and there was sufficient SO42- ligand. Following the decrease in hexavalent uranium at the ore surface and a decline in uranium migration intensity, the addition of Fe(III) oxidant facilitated the oxidation of tetravalent uranium, which enabled strong uranium migration again. In this process, the dissolution of uranium had a strong positive correlation with the reduction of Fe(III), and the ratio of the uranium dissolution to the Fe(III) reduction ranged between 0.041 and 0.091. Furthermore, the deportment of uranium was another important factor affecting uranium migration. Uranium located on the mineral surface can be completely exposed to the solution and the dissolution and migration intensity was significantly affected by hydrogeochemical conditions. The uranium present in microfissures and in the ore matrix could not be fully exposed to the solution, and the intensity of uranium migration in the microfissure was primarily controlled by corrosion and permeability of the ore. Therefore, the hydrogeochemical conditions and the deportment of uranium were the external and internal factors that significantly affected the dissolution and migration of uranium in the early and middle stages of the experiment. However, in later stages, as the concentration of uranium in the ore decreased, increases in the chemical potential of the solution, specifically acidity and the amount of oxidant, had a limited or insignificant impact on the dissolution of uranium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's third largest volcanic type uranium ore field, Xiangshan volcanic basin attracted scientific research as well as large amount of industry investment. Gradually, for the metallogenic model, it came to reach a consensus that a "three-storeyed type" model: under the uranium mineralized volcanic rocks, there were still Pb-Zn and Ag. However, these research results and drill cores also brought hot debates which focus on the locations of volcanic calderas because researchers believed it related to the pathways of U-Pb-Zn-Ag-bearing fluid. Here we report the first systematic study of paleoflow of the two main uranium-bearing wall rocks, aiming to find the volcanic vents. This study integrates results of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and magnetotelluric sounding (MT) in addition field geological observation. It shows that (1) rhyodacite and porphyritic lava are the main wall rock of uranium ore, which outcrop about 350km2 covering 80% of the Xiangshan basin; (2) magnetite and hematite are the main magnetic minerals; (3) the rhyodacite developed in the North-West-most of Xiangshan basin illustrated North-East magnetic lineation with low-angle-foliation, and those rhyodacite located a few kilometers to the East of the previews one displayed progressively North-West magnetic foliation with barely horizontal foliation. It indicated probably all these rhyodacite flowed from the South; (4) whereas to the porphyritic lava, it shows variable magnetic lineation around the basin, which may suggest five volcanic calderas. It is noteworthy that the AMS results are consistent with fielded lineation observation and MT; (4) finally, a gravity modeling has been conducted and the result shows that the bodies of rhyodacite and porphyritic lava are laccolithic with relative thick center that may interpret as feeder of magma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typical form of damage, wear greatly affects the service properties of products, and non-destructive evaluation of the degree of wear is urgently needed. In this paper, the wear degree of AISI 1045 steel was evaluated by magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) testing. The root mean square (RMS) and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of MBN were extracted to establish the quantitative relationships between the tribological indicators and the stress state. The results indicate that the RMS decreases linearly and the FWHM increases quadratically with increasing tribological indicators, which can distinguish among different wear stages, including abrasive, adhesive and fatigue wear. However, the RMS shows a complicated nonlinear relation with the residual stress during the wear process. In addition, the MBNenergy parameter is also calculated to reveal the features of the hysteresis loop at the wear scar. Both the coercivity Hc and the maximum magnetic permeability μmax are linearly related to the tribological indicators and quadratically related to the stress, which reflects the effect of tribo-magnetisation on the MBN signals. The variation mechanism of MBN under different wear stages is attributed to the combined effect of plastic deformation and the stress state by microstructure observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the coevolutionary interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts, egg recognition based on color and/or pattern is a common and effective defense to counter parasitism. However, for egg recognition based on size, only a few studies have found affirmative results, and they do not provide unambiguous evidence that egg size recognition in hosts has evolved as an important and specific anti-parasite adaptation against parasite eggs. We studied the brood parasite system between the Asian emerald cuckoo Chrysococcyx maculatus and its host, the chestnut-crowned warbler Phylloscopus castaniceps. The cuckoo parasitizes the warbler using non-mimetic and larger eggs at a parasitism rate of 12.9%. The warbler nests used in this experiment were built in a dark environment with the nest illuminance near 0 lux. Experiments with 2 types of model eggs with colors and patterns resembling cuckoo eggs of different sizes (cuckoo egg size or host egg size) showed that the warblers were able to reject 63.6% of cuckoo model eggs under these dim light conditions. However, model eggs with the same color and pattern similar to the warbler egg size were always accepted. This study provides strong evidence supporting the theory that egg size recognition can be evolved in hosts as a specific anti-parasite adaptation against cuckoos. We suggest that the egg size recognition of the warbler is an outcome of the tradeoff between the costs of violating the parental investment rule and suffering cuckoo parasitism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Structural chromosome variations (SCVs) are large‐scale genomic variations that can be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). SCVs have played important roles in the genome evolution of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), but little is known about their genetic effects. In this study, a total of 543 wheat accessions from the Chinese wheat mini‐core collection and the Shanxi Province wheat collection were used for chromosome analysis using oligonucleotide probe multiplex FISH. A total of 139 SCVs including translocations, pericentric inversions, presence/absence variations (PAVs), and copy number variations (CNVs) in heterochromatin were identified at 230 loci. The distribution frequency of SCVs varied between ecological regions and between landraces and modern cultivars. Structural analysis using SCVs as markers clearly divided the landraces and modern cultivars into different groups. There are very clear instances illustrating alien introgression and wide application of foreign germplasms improved the chromosome diversity of Chinese modern wheat cultivars. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified 29 SCVs associated with 12 phenotypic traits, and five (RT4AS•4AL‐1DS/1DL•1DS‐4AL, Mg2A‐3, Mr3B‐10, Mr7B‐13, and Mr4A‐7) of them were further validated using a doubled haploid population and advanced sib‐lines, implying the potential value of these SCVs. Importantly, the number of favored SCVs that were associated with agronomic trait improvement was significantly higher in modern cultivars compared to landraces, indicating positive selection in wheat breeding. This study demonstrates the significant effects of SCVs during wheat breeding and provides an efficient method of mining favored SCVs in wheat and other crops. Significance Statement: A total of 139 structural chromosome variations (SCVs) were identified in 543 wheat accessions via high‐resolution karyotypes. A genome‐wide association study of SCVs identified 29 favored SCVs associated with important agronomic traits. Modern cultivars showed higher chromosome polymorphic information content than landraces, and the distribution of favored SCVs highlighted significant breeding selection during Chinese wheat breeding. In summary, SCVs play critical roles in wheat domestication and cultivar evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of the 28-chromosome karyotype of Dasypyrum breviaristatum was undertaken using multicolor non-denaturing fluorescent in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) and Oligo-FISH painting protocols. A novel wheat-D. breviaristatum line D2138 contained 44 chromosomes including a pair of D. breviaristatum 6VbS.2VbL translocation chromosomes. Individual F2 and F3 progenies of a cross between D2138 with wheat lines CM62, MY11 and JM22, respectively, were characterized using ND-FISH and molecular markers. A relatively high chromosome alteration rate within wheat and D. breviaristatum 6VbS and 2VbL was observed in the three progeny populations, suggesting that chromosome 6VbS.2VbL has a gametocidal-like gene. The different types of translocation and deletion lines allowed localization of D. breviaristatum-specific gliadin coding genes on sub-telomeric regions of 6VbS by PCR and acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The positive effect of the D. breviaristatum 6VbS on agronomic and quality characters was also demonstrated. The new wheat-D. breviaristatum 6VbS and 2VbL translocation lines will be useful as novel germplasm for breeding purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new stabilized 3-D control volume finite element method (FEM) for massively parallel simulation of drift-diffusion transport in semiconductor devices. This new solver employs unstructured hexahedral elements, thus leading to a very efficient scheme; both Poisson and current continuity equations are discretized with control volume FEM, and thus, the accuracy and stability are improved. Furthermore, a fully coupled Newton’s method is applied to solve these nonlinear equations, thus remarkably increasing the numerical stability. Then, we apply this new solver to simulate diode, MOSFET, and multifinger MOSFET devices. Numerical results indicate that the hexahedron-based method requires fewer iterative numbers, and its computing speed is 3.44–4.61 times faster than the tetrahedron-based counterpart. Moreover, our fully coupled Newton’s method permits constant iterative numbers, showing strong numerical stability even when the drain voltage is 160 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to high content of carbonate and sulfide in ore, precipitation of calcium compounds is blocking the in-situ leaching system at Mengqiguer sandstone type deposit. Autoclave CO2 + O2 leaching tests were conducted in respecting the blockage and uranium migration. Result shows that: Most uranium was recovered within the first hour. Calcite and dolomite precipitated in the initial stage of leaching because of high pH value. As pH decreases rapidly after CO2 injection, calcite and dolomite did not precipitate. Gypsum is not saturated during the whole test. HCO3-, pH and Eh, controlled by CO2 + O2 injection are key factors influencing uranium leaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple, rapid, and accurate detection of myoinositol (MI) concentration in blood is crucial in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome, neurological disorders, and cancer. A novel electrochemical detection (IED) method was established to quantify MI in human serum using a disposable unmodified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the first time. MI was detected indirectly by the reaction product of myoinositol dehydrogenase (IDH) and cofactor β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Good linear calibration curves were obtained at the concentration range from 5.0 μM to 500.0 μM (R2 = 0.9981) with the lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 1.0 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively. Recoveries were calculated at three spiked concentrations, and the values were between 90.3 and 106%, with relative standard deviation values of 3.2–6.2% for intraday precision and 7.1–9.0% for interday precision. The SPCE-electrochemical biosensor is simple, accurate, and without modification, showing great potential for point-of-care testing (POCT) of serum MI in clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple, rapid, and accurate detection of myoinositol (MI) concentration in blood is crucial in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome, neurological disorders, and cancer. A novel electrochemical detection (IED) method was established to quantify MI in human serum using a disposable unmodified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the first time. MI was detected indirectly by the reaction product of myoinositol dehydrogenase (IDH) and cofactor β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Good linear calibration curves were obtained at the concentration range from 5.0 μM to 500.0 μM (R2 = 0.9981) with the lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 1.0 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively. Recoveries were calculated at three spiked concentrations, and the values were between 90.3 and 106%, with relative standard deviation values of 3.2–6.2% for intraday precision and 7.1–9.0% for interday precision. The SPCE-electrochemical biosensor is simple, accurate, and without modification, showing great potential for point-of-care testing (POCT) of serum MI in clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia (HIL) of blood samples have been a concern in hospitals because they reflect pre-analytical processes' quality control. However, very few studies investigate the influence of patients' gender, age, and department, as well as sample-related turnaround time, on the incidence rate of HIL in fasting serum biochemistry specimens. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted to investigate the incidence rate of HIL based on the HIL index in 501,612 fasting serum biochemistry specimens from January 2017 to May 2018 in a tertiary university hospital with 4,200 beds in Sichuan, southwest China. A subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the differences in the HIL incidence rate by gender, age and department of patients, and turnaround time of specimens. Results: The incidence rate of hemolysis, lipemia and icterus was 384, 53, and 612 per 10,000 specimens. The male patients had a significantly elevated incidence of hemolysis (4.13% vs. 3.54%), lipemia (0.67% vs. 0.38%), and icterus (6.95% vs. 5.43%) than female patients. Hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus incidence rate were significantly associated with the male sex with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.174 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.140–1.208], 1.757 (95%CI: 1.623–1.903), and 1.303 (95%CI: 1.273–1.333), respectively, (P<0.05). The hospitalized patients had a higher incidence of hemolysis (4.03% vs. 3.54%), lipemia (0.63% vs. 0.36%), and icterus (7.10% vs. 4.75%) than outpatients (P<0.001). Specimens with relatively longer transfer time and/or detection time had a higher HIL incidence (P<0.001). The Pediatrics had the highest incidence of hemolysis (16.2%) with an adjusted OR (AOR) of 4.93 (95%CI, 4.59–5.29, P<0.001). The Neonatology department had the highest icterus incidence (30.1%) with an AOR of 4.93 (95%CI: 4.59–5.29, P<0.001). The Neonatology department (2.32%) and Gastrointestinal Surgery (2.05%) had the highest lipemia incidence, with an AOR of 1.17 (95%CI: 0.91–1.51) and 4.76 (95%CI: 4.70–5.53), both P-value <0.001. There was an increasing tendency of hemolysis and icterus incidence for children under one year or adults aged more than 40. Conclusion: Evaluation of HIL incidence rate and HIL-related influence factors in fasting serum biochemistry specimens are impartment to interpret the results more accurately and provide better clinical services to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on breeding biology enable us to broaden our understanding of the evolution of life history strategies. We studied the breeding biology of the Green-backed Tit (Parus monticolus) to provide comprehensive data on nest and egg characteristics, parental behavior throughout egg laying and nestling periods, and reproductive outcome. Our study reveals adaptive behavioral patterns and reproductive strategies for P. monticolus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

System-generated electromagnetic pulse (SGEMP) that is generated by X-ray irradiation on coaxial cables would deteriorate sensitive electronic systems inside spacecraft, thereby affecting normal operations and survival of spacecraft. In this article, the SGEMP responses on coaxial cables are numerically assessed by using an equivalent transmission line model. In the transmission line model, a key parameter for determining its input is the charge distribution on coaxial cables due to X-ray irradiation. To acquire the actual charge distribution on coaxial cables, we present a new mesh tally in an in- house Monte-Carlo software, JMCT. The new mesh tally counts the number of charges in the user-defined mesh cells for coaxial cables to evaluate their nonuniform actual charge distribution, which has the advantages of high computational efficiency and high flexibility, and further yields a more accurate input to predict the SGEMP responses on coaxial cables. To illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method, it is validated by simulating the charge distribution on a coaxial cable and its load currents in the X-ray illumination and comparing the results with those calculated by using the method presented in the reference. In addition, the proposed method is further applied to explore the effects of coaxial cables’ structural parameters on their load currents. The studies in this article would guide the radiation-hardened design of coaxial cables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perennial species Dasypyrum breviaristatum (genome Vb) contains many potentially valuable genes for the improvement of common wheat. Construction of a detailed karyotype of D. breviaristatum chromosomes will be useful for the detection of Dasypyrum chromatin in wheat background. We established the standard karyotype of 1Vb–7Vb chromosomes through nondenaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) technique using 28 oligonucleotide probes from the wheat – D. breviaristatum partial amphiploid TDH-2 (AABBVbVb) and newly identified wheat – D. breviaristatum disomic translocation and addition lines D2138 (6VbS.2VbL), D2547 (4Vb), and D2532 (3VbS.6VbL) by comparative molecular marker analysis. The ND-FISH with multiple oligo probes was conducted on the durum wheat – D. villosum amphiploid TDV-1 and large karyotype differences between D. breviaristatum and D. villosum was revealed. These ND-FISH probes will be valuable for screening the wheat – Dasypyrum derivative lines for chromosome identification, and the newly developed wheat – D. breviaristatum addition lines may broaden the gene pool of wheat breeding. The differences between D. villosum and D. breviaristatum chromosomes revealed by ND-FISH will help us understand evolutionary divergence of repetitive sequences within the genus Dasypyrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The identification of chromosomes among Avena species have been studied by C-banding and in situ hybridization. However, the complicated results from several cytogenetic nomenclatures for identifying oat chromosomes are often contradictory. A universal karyotyping nomenclature system for precise chromosome identification and comparative evolutionary studies would be essential for genus Avena based on the recently released genome sequences of hexaploid and diploid Avena species. Results: Tandem repetitive sequences were predicted and physically located on chromosomal regions of the released Avena sativa OT3098 genome assembly v1. Eight new oligonucleotide (oligo) probes for sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were designed and then applied for chromosome karyotyping on mitotic metaphase spreads of A. brevis, A. nuda, A. wiestii, A. ventricosa, A. fatua, and A. sativa species. We established a high-resolution standard karyotype of A. sativa based on the distinct FISH signals of multiple oligo probes. FISH painting with bulked oligos, based on wheat-barley collinear regions, was used to validate the linkage group assignment for individual A. sativa chromosomes. We integrated our new Oligo-FISH based karyotype system with earlier karyotype nomenclatures through sequential C-banding and FISH methods, then subsequently determined the precise breakage points of some chromosome translocations in A. sativa. Conclusions: This new universal chromosome identification system will be a powerful tool for describing the genetic diversity, chromosomal rearrangements and evolutionary relationships among Avena species by comparative cytogenetic and genomic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic study of the surface chemical properties of uranium minerals is necessary to improve the uranium ore extracting process. The presented work aims to argue geochemistry and acid hydrometallurgy accessibility of uraninite from the Mianhuakeng (MHK) granite-hosted uranium deposit, South China, which provides insight on this ore extracting domain. Mineralogy, geochemical composition, U–Th–Pb chemical age, and uranium deportment of the uraninite were systematically analyzed by using scanning electron microscope with energy dispersion spectrum (SEM-EDS), an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that uraninite was intergrowth with coffinite, probably due to uraninite being partly metasomatized into coffinite along the fissures. The major element content of uraninite such as for UO2, SiO2, and CaO were 79.46 ± 2.03 wt%, 6.19 ± 1.36 wt%, and 5.09 ± 0.80 wt%, respectively. Single-point U–Th–Pb chemical ages for uraninite grains were calculated with the EPMA data, and the results showed ages ranging from a few million to dozens of million years, indicating Pb loss after uraninite formed. Uranium deportment in uraninite generally existed in the forms of UO2, U3O8, and UO3, and mostly showed high valence states suggested by XPS. Uranium on the surface of the uraninite grain was partially oxidized by sulfuric acid leaching, which led to tetravalent uranium converting to hexavalent uranium, suggesting uraninite in the MHK uranium deposit is accessible to be leached by sulfuric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: A physical map of Secale cereale chromosome 6R was constructed using deletion mapping, and a new stripe rust resistance gene Yr83 was mapped to the deletion bin of FL 0.73–1.00 of 6RL. Rye (Secale cereale L., RR) possesses valuable genes for wheat improvement. In the current study, we report a resistance gene conferring stripe rust resistance effective from seedling to adult plant stages located on chromosome 6R. This chromosome was derived from triticale line T-701 and also carries highly effective resistance to the cereal cyst nematode species Heterodera avenae Woll. A wheat-rye 6R(6D) disomic substitution line exhibited high levels of seedling resistance to Australian pathotypes of the stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; Pst) pathogen and showed an even greater resistance to the Chinese Pst pathotypes in the field. Ten chromosome 6R deletion lines and five wheat-rye 6R translocation lines were developed earlier in the attempt to transfer the nematode resistance gene to wheat and used herein to map the stripe rust resistance gene. These lines were subsequently characterized by sequential multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), mc-GISH, PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG), and chromosome 6R-specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-Seq) marker analyses to physically map the stripe rust resistance gene. The new stripe rust resistance locus was located in a chromosomal bin with fraction length (FL) 0.73–1.00 on 6RL and was named Yr83. A wheat-rye translocation line T6RL (#5) carrying the stripe rust resistance gene will be useful as a new germplasm in breeding for resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]