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Phosphate crystals are known for their low birefringence, a result of the symmetrical tetrahedral structure of PO4 groups. Attempts to increase their birefringence have traditionally involved the incorporation of highly anisotropic ions and groups. Yet, the majority of the modified phospates still exhibit a birefringence value below 0.1, due to the counteracting effects of anisotropic elements within the tetrahedral coordination. The present study has for the first time discovered a novel birefringence‐active HgI2HgIIO9 unit and successfully constructed a highly anisotropic layered structure, which ingeniously prevents the mutual cancellation of anisotropic effects. This synthesis of HgI2HgII(Te2O4)2(HPO4)2 confirms the effectiveness of this strategy, yielding a birefringence of 0.444 at 546 nm, which outperforms 99% of phosphate crystals and surpasses that of commercial counterparts like YVO4 (0.209@1064 nm) and CaCO3 (0.175@533 nm). Structural analysis and PAWED calculations indicate that the significant birefringence is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the HgI2HgIIO9 unit (23.76%), HPO4 tetrahaedron (24.24%) and TeO4 group (51.99%). This breakthrough paves the way for phosphates to meet the demands of modern technological advancements, expanding their potential applications in the field of anisotropic optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex pheromones, which consist of multiple components in specific ratios promote intraspecific sexual communications of insects. Plutella xylostella (L.) is a worldwide pest of cruciferous vegetables, the mating behavior of which is highly dependent on its olfactory system. Long trichoid sensilla on male antennae are the main olfactory sensilla that can sense sex pheromones. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 3 sex pheromone components from sex pheromone gland secretions of P. xylostella female adults were identified as Z11‐16:Ald, Z11‐16:Ac, and Z11‐16:OH in a ratio of 9.4 : 100 : 17 using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection. Electrophysiological responses of 581 and 385 long trichoid sensilla of male adults and female adults, respectively, to the 3 components were measured by single sensillum recording. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the long trichoid sensilla were of 6 different types. In the male antennae, 52.32%, 5.51%, and 1.89% of the sensilla responded to Z11‐16:Ald, Z11‐16:Ac, and Z11‐16:OH, which are named as A type, B type, and C type sensilla, respectively; 2.93% named as D type sensilla responded to both Z11‐16:Ald and Z11‐16:Ac, and 0.34% named as E type sensilla were sensitive to both Z11‐16:Ald and Z11‐16:OH. In the female antennae, only 7.53% of long trichoid sensilla responded to the sex pheromone components, A type sensilla were 3.64%, B type and C type sensilla were both 0.52%, D type sensilla were 1.30%, and 1.56% of the sensilla responded to all 3 components, which were named as F type sensilla. The responding long trichoid sensilla were located from the base to the terminal of the male antennae and from the base to the middle of the female antennae. The pheromone mixture (Z11‐16:Ald : Z11‐16:Ac : Z11‐16:OH = 9.4 : 100 : 17) had a weakly repellent effect on female adults of P. xylostella. Our results lay the foundation for further studies on sex pheromone communications in P. xylostella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enantioselective transition metal‐catalyzed C−H alkylation emerges as one of the most atom‐ and step‐economical routes to chiral quaternary carbons, while big challenges still remain with acyl C−H alkylations. Herein, we use a Ni−Al bimetallic catalyst to facilitate a highly regioselective and highly enantioselective C−H alkylation of formamides with alkenes, constructing various oxindoles bearing a chiral quaternary carbon in up to 94 % yield and up to 95 % ee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Step error is the machining error between adjacent cutter location points in the feeding direction. In order to improve the computational efficiency, a hybrid particle swarm optimization method (HPSO) combining genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is proposed. The mapping relationship between local cutter contact (CC) curve in step error calculation and the particle search range and the fitness calculation model are established. The maximum fitness value is taken as step error. The chaotic initialization population is carried out by the Tent mapping. Two nonlinear control methods based on the Sigmoid function and the numbers of iterations are proposed for inertia weight and learning factors, respectively. Combined with the above optimizations, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) is proposed algorithm is formed. Based on IPSO, the crossover and mutation strategies of GA are used to increase particle diversity, and then, Metropolis criterion from SA is applied to the particle selection; the improved crossover and mutation particle swarm optimization algorithm (ICMPSO) is formed. IPSO is used for Elite particles with higher fitness values to enhance the convergence speed. The other Ordinary particles employ ICMPSO to improve global search capability. The combination of IPSO and ICMPSO forms a whole hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) method. All the proposed algorithms are implemented, and two typical free-form surfaces are taken as examples to calculate step errors. The calculation results show that the tool path generation time of the proposed method is lower than that of the geometric iterative algorithm and the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex pathophysiological process, and increasing attention has been paid to the important role of post‐synaptic density (PSD) proteins, such as glutamate receptors. Our previous study showed that a PSD protein Arc/Arg3.1 (Arc) regulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuronal necroptosis in traumatic injury in vitro. Aim: In this study, we investigated the expression, regulation and biological function of Arc in both in vivo and in vitro experimental TBI models. Results: Traumatic neuronal injury (TNI) induced a temporal upregulation of Arc in cortical neurons, while TBI resulted in sustained increase in Arc expression up to 24 h in rats. The increased expression of Arc was mediated by the activity of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), but not dependent on the intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release. By using inhibitors and antagonists, we found that TNI regulates Arc expression via Gq protein and protein turnover. In addition, overexpression of Arc protects against TBI‐induced neuronal injury and motor dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro, whereas the long‐term cognitive function was not altered. To determine the role of Arc in mGluR5‐induced protection, lentivirus‐mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection was performed to knockdown Arc expression. The mGluR5 agonist (RS)‐2‐chloro‐5‐hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG)‐induced protection against TBI was partially prevented by Arc knockdown. Furthermore, the CHPG‐induced attenuation of Ca2+ influx after TNI was dependent on Arc activation and followed regulation of AMPAR subunits. The results of Co‐IP and Ca2+ imaging showed that the Arc‐Homer1 interaction contributes to the CHPG‐induced regulation of intracellular Ca2+ release. Conclusion: In summary, the present data indicate that the mGluR5‐mediated Arc activation is a protective mechanism that attenuates neurotoxicity following TBI through the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ hemostasis. The AMPAR‐associated Ca2+ influx and ER Ca2+ release induced by Homer1‐IP3R pathway might be involved in this protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel pyrazole-based catalyst system featuring –CH as a hydrogen bonding donor was developed and utilized for the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates without the use of metals or co-catalysts. It is intriguing that the synthesized pyrazolium ionic liquid ([Bn2DMPz]Br) could efficiently catalyze the coupling reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides at 90 °C, under a pressure of 0.1 MPa CO2, achieving a product yield of up to 99% within just 5 hours. The catalyst can be recycled and reused multiple times without any decrease in its catalytic efficiency. In addition, the pyrazolium ionic liquid was polymerized to get the first pyrazole-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL). The polymer also exhibits high catalytic activity, excellent stability and easy recyclability. In comparison to other catalysts based on ionic liquids, our catalyst system demonstrates outstanding performance and recyclability at the same time. DFT calculations show that "double-IL" model may easily make the bromide anion serve as a nucleophile and cation [Bn2DMPz]+ serves as a H-donor to stabilize the O− of the epoxide and the carbonate anion with weak interaction. The design strategy based on pyrazole ionic liquid will inspire researchers to develop more catalysts used for CO2 cycloaddition in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The first-line treatment for cervical dystonia (CD) consists of repeated intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin (BoNT). However, the efficacy in some patients may be unsatisfactory and they may discontinue treatment. OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with the maximum rate of remission in patients with CD after initial botulinum neurotoxin type A (or botulinum toxin type A abbreviated as BTX-A or BoNT-A) treatment. METHODS: Patients with CD who received BoNT-A injections were evaluated using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and the Tsui scale, with follow-up endpoints lasting until the start of the second injection. Patients who did not receive a second injection of BoNT-A were followed up for at least 5 months. The maximum remission rates were determined using the lowest Tsui and TWSTRS total scores during the follow-up period. We obtained basic information about these patients such as age, gender, duration of disease, presence of additional disease, types of torticollis, presence of anxiety, depression, tremors, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings, injected dose, and so on from their medical records. RESULTS: A total of 70 patients with CD participated in this study, with males comprising 35.7% (25 individuals) with an average age of 45 ± 14 years old. The duration of disease was an independent risk factor for determining whether a complete remission has been attained using the Tsui scale (odds ratio [OR] = 0.978, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.959–0.997, P = 0.026). The optimal cut-off point for predicting patients who were unable to achieve complete remission based on duration of disease was 7.5 months (AUG = 0.711). Patients with CD with additional disease had greater difficulty achieving complete remission than those with CD alone based on TWSTRS assessments (P = 0.049). During the study, approximately 17% of all participants reported experiencing adverse reactions that lasted between 1 to 3 weeks before disappearing. CONCLUSION: BoNT is an effective and safe method for treating CD. The maximum remission rates of patients after their first injections are influenced by the duration of their disease. Thus, treatment using BoNT injections must be administered as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we perform a numerical investigation on the polarization of a terahertz wave transmitting through a dust acoustic wave. Assuming a triangular waveform of the particle number density in the dust acoustic wave, the transmission characteristics are calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method. It is shown that dust acoustic waves can function as a polarizer to control the polarization states of the terahertz wave, and the conversion efficiency depends on the parameters of the dust acoustic wave, such as the particle number density and the thickness of particle cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Soybean is a short‐day plant that typically flowers earlier when exposed to short‐day conditions. However, the identification of genes associated with earlier flowering time but without a yield penalty is rare. In this study, we conducted genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using two re‐sequencing datasets that included 113 wild soybeans (G. soja) and 1192 cultivated soybeans (G. max), respectively, and simultaneously identified a candidate flowering gene, qFT13‐3, which encodes a protein homologous to the pseudo‐response regulator (PRR) transcription factor. We identified four major haplotypes of qFT13‐3 in the natural population, with haplotype H4 (qFT13‐3H4) being lost during domestication, while qFT13‐3H1 underwent natural and artificial selection, increasing in proportion from 4.5% in G. soja to 43.8% in landrace and to 81.9% in improve cultivars. Notably, most cultivars harbouring qFT13‐3H1 were located in high‐latitude regions. Knockout of qFT13‐3 accelerated flowering and maturity time under long‐day conditions, indicating that qFT13‐3 functions as a flowering inhibitor. Our results also showed that qFT13‐3 directly downregulates the expression of GmELF3b‐2 which is a component of the circadian clock evening complex. Field trials revealed that the qft13‐3 mutants shorten the maturity period by 11 days without a concomitant penalty on yield. Collectively, qFT13‐3 can be utilized for the breeding of high‐yield cultivars with a short maturity time suitable for high latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease, manifests with symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and mucopurulent feces. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ANRIL exhibits significantly reduced expression in UC, yet its specific mechanism is unknown. This study revealed that ANRIL is involved in the progression of UC by inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-α via miR-191-5P/SATB1 axis. We found that in patients with UC, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly overexpressed in inflamed colon sites, whereas ANRIL was significantly under-expressed and associated with disease severity. The downregulation of ANRIL resulted in the increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-treated FHCs. ANRIL directly targeted miR-191-5p, thereby inhibiting its expression and augmenting SATB1 expression. Moreover, overexpression of miR-191-5p abolished ANRIL-mediated inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α production. Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed the specific binding of miR-191-5p to ANRIL and SATB1. Furthermore, the downregulation of ANRIL promoted DSS-induced colitis in mice. Together, we provide evidence that ANRIL plays a critical role in regulating IL-6 and TNF-α expression in UC by modulating the miR-191-5p/SATB1 axis. Our study provides novel insights into progression and molecular therapeutic strategies in UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making oppositely charged metal‐organic cages (MOCs) into a tightly ordered structure may bring interesting functions. Herein, we report a novel structure composed of anionic (Zr4L6)8− (L=embonate) tetrahedral cages and in situ‐formed cationic [Zn4(Bim)4]4+ (Bim=[BH(im)3]−; im=imidazole) cubic cages. Chiral transfer is observed from enantiopure (Zr4L6)8− cage to enantiopure [Zn4(Bim)4]4+ cage. A pair of enantiomers (PTC‐373(Δ) and PTC‐373(Λ)) are formed. PTC‐373 exhibits high chemical and thermal stabilities, affording an interesting single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation. More importantly, the combination of ionic pair cages significantly enhances its third‐order nonlinear optical property, and its thin‐film exhibits an excellent optical limiting effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making oppositely charged metal‐organic cages (MOCs) into a tightly ordered structure may bring interesting functions. Herein, we report a novel structure composed of anionic (Zr4L6)8− (L=embonate) tetrahedral cages and in situ‐formed cationic [Zn4(Bim)4]4+ (Bim=[BH(im)3]−; im=imidazole) cubic cages. Chiral transfer is observed from enantiopure (Zr4L6)8− cage to enantiopure [Zn4(Bim)4]4+ cage. A pair of enantiomers (PTC‐373(Δ) and PTC‐373(Λ)) are formed. PTC‐373 exhibits high chemical and thermal stabilities, affording an interesting single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation. More importantly, the combination of ionic pair cages significantly enhances its third‐order nonlinear optical property, and its thin‐film exhibits an excellent optical limiting effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoSe 2 has become one of the most appealing non-noble metal catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the field of electrolysis water due to its abundant resources and good activity. Inversely, its slow kinetic behavior is still restrained, which plays a negative influence for high-efficiency HER. Herein, a certain of Ni or S was introduced into the (100) crystal facet of CoSe 2 on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Thermodynamic calculation results reveal that the HER activity for CoSe 1 S 1 is relatively better than those of Ni 0.375 Co 0.625 Se 2 and pristine CoSe 2 when a certain of S atoms were introduced into CoSe 2. More strikingly, the active sites of CoSe 1 S 1 are reversed from cationic Co to anion S, which is close to the ideal value (0) of Gibbs free energy. Meanwhile, the kinetic performance of H adsorbed on the anionic S or Se site is optimal, and their migration energy barrier is lower in comparison with 1/2 of the cationic Co site. According to the electronic structure analysis, the conductivity of CoSe 1 S 1 is prominent than other counterparts (such as Ni 0.375 Co 0.625 Se 2 and CoSe 2). This work indicates that CoSe 1 S 1 exhibits an excellent catalytic performance for HER, and offers theoretical guidance in the aspect of experiments for designing high-efficient HER catalysts. [Display omitted] • The doping of S into Se sites of CoSe 2 was systematically investigated. • The CoSe 1 S 1 presented more active sites and high conductivity. • The S sites in CoSe 1 S 1 are thermodynamically beneficial for HER catalysis. • The kinetic rate of S sites is superior to that of Co within CoSe 1 S 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Chinese-style modernization gradually deepens, the feed grain industry, through cutting-edge biotechnology, achieves reduction and substitution, quality improvement, and optimization. This effectively promotes the upgrade of the feed grain supply system, providing security for the nation's feed grain supply. Interpreting from the practical perspective of the current foundation, the promotion of the feed grain supply system upgrade under the vision of Chinese-style modernization is a beneficial practice guided by policy documents, supported by scientific and technological innovation, and adjusted in product structure. Analyzing from the perspective of inherent value, upgrading the feed grain supply system in line with the tasks of Chinese-style modernization is conducive to achieving national food security, resolving structural contradictions in the livestock industry, and enhancing the adaptability of the feed industry in the market. Based on this, it is proposed to improve the support and guarantee system, create a favorable development environment, incorporate new scientific and technological advancements, provide comprehensive technological support, and establish cooperative organization alliances to lay the foundation for a strong main body. This proposed path aims to explore the route for the upgrade of the feed grain supply system, thereby enhancing the stability and supply capacity of feed grain production in the era of accelerating Chinese-style modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment for COVID-19 remain controversial. This study aimed to map the current status and gaps of available evidence, and conduct a meta-analysis to further investigate the benefit of IVIg in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SR/MAs), primary studies with control groups, reporting on the use of IVIg in patients with COVID-19. A random-effects meta-analysis with subgroup analyses regarding study design and patient disease severity was performed. Our outcomes of interest determined by the evidence mapping, were mortality, length of hospitalization (days), length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (days), number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation, and adverse events. Results: We included 34 studies (12 SR/MAs, 8 prospective and 14 retrospective studies). A total of 5571 hospitalized patients were involved in 22 primary studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of very low to moderate evidence showed that there was little or no difference between IVIg and standard care or placebo in reducing mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.91; 95% CI 0.78–1.06; risk difference [RD] 3.3% fewer), length of hospital (mean difference [MD] 0.37; 95% CI − 2.56, 3.31) and ICU (MD 0.36; 95% CI − 0.81, 1.53) stays, mechanical ventilation use (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.68–1.24; RD 2.8% fewer), and adverse events (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.84–1.14; RD 0.5% fewer) of patients with COVID-19. Sensitivity analysis using a fixed-effects model indicated that IVIg may reduce mortality (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.60–0.97), and increase length of hospital stay (MD 0.68; 95% CI 0.09–1.28). Conclusion: Very low to moderate certainty of evidence indicated IVIg may not improve the clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Given the discrepancy between the random- and fixed-effects model results, further large-scale and well-designed RCTs are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytochrome P450s are a large family of protein-encoding genes in plant genomes, many of which have not yet been comprehensively characterized. Here, a novel P450 gene, CYP82D47, was isolated and functionally characterized from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that CYP82D47 expression was triggered by salicylic acid (SA) and ethephon (ETH). Expression analysis revealed a correlation between CYP82D47 transcript levels and plant defense responses against powdery mildew (PM) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). Although no significant differences were observed in disease resistance between CYP82D47-RNAi and wild-type cucumber, overexpression (OE) of CYP82D47 enhanced PM and Foc resistance in cucumber. Furthermore, the expression levels of SA-related genes (PR1, PR2, PR4, and PR5) increased in CYP82D47-overexpressing plants 7 days post fungal inoculation. The levels of ETH-related genes (EIN3 and EBF2) were similarly upregulated. The observed enhanced resistance was associated with the upregulation of SA/ETH-signaling-dependent defense genes. These findings indicate the crucial role of CYP82D47 in pathogen defense in cucumber. CYP82D47-overexpressing cucumber plants exhibited heightened susceptibility to both diseases. The study results offer important insights that could aid in the development of disease-resistant cucumber cultivars and elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with the functions of CYP82D47. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of the high value-added chemical 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) from the biomass-derived platform molecule 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is of great significance in the preparation of biofuels. Here, a bottom-up strategy was used to prepare a metal–organic framework (MOF) material with a two-dimensional nanosheet morphology, named CPM, in which an additive 2-methylimidazole was introduced into the hydrothermal process of Cu2+ ions and terephthalic acid. Subsequently, CPM-700 prepared by heat treatment under an inert atmosphere showed excellent catalytic performance in the reaction of HMF hydrodeoxygenation to 2,5-DMF. The materials before and after pyrogenation were characterized by PXRD, XPS, TEM, N2 adsorption and desorption and so on. It was confirmed that compared with the catalyst derived from the cubic MOF material self-assembled by Cu2+ and terephthalic acid, the morphology of 2D nanosheets was beneficial for the reaction of HMF to 2,5-DMF. Combined with the experimental data, the possible reaction path of 2,5-DMF preparation from HMF is that 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran was formed by hydrogenation of the aldehyde group on the furan ring, and then 2,5-DMF was obtained by hydrogenolysis. This paper provides an effective route for 2D MOF-derived catalytic materials in the selective hydrogenation of HMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UV nonlinear optical materials require the simultaneous achievement of a large second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (≥1 × KH2PO4 (KDP), dij > 0.39 pmV−1), wide bandgap (λ < 300 nm, Eg > 4.2 eV), and moderate birefringence (0.05‐0.10@1064 nm) in a single structure. Therefore, designing UV nonlinear optical materials with excellent comprehensive performance is a challenging task. Herein, four UV transparent selenite materials are successfully obtained, namely, Al2(SeO3)3(H2O)3 (1), Ga2(SeO3)3(H2O)3 (2), NaGa3(HSeO3)6(SeO3)2 (3), and Cd5Ga4(HSeO3)2(SeO3)10 (4), through rational design and screening in the pure selenite system. Al2(SeO3)3(H2O)3 (1) and Ga2(SeO3)3(H2O)3 (2) are UV nonlinear optical materials with balanced properties, exhibiting moderate SHG responses (1.2 and 1.1 × KDP), appropriate birefringence (0.084 and 0.076@1064 nm), and wide bandgaps (5.5 and 5.3 eV). Such bandgaps are the largest in the reported pure selenite nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. This work further demonstrates that pure selenite is a good candidate for UV NLO materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of α,β-diamino acid derivatives were synthesized from N-phthalyldehydroalanine with different amines by acetic acid catalytic Aza-Michael additions. This reaction achieves C–N bond formation with good functional group tolerance. Under optimized conditions, the desired products of most aromatic and secondary aliphatic amines were obtained in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. The electronic effect and steric effect play the important roles to the reactivity of amines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-TeV or TeV γ -rays have been convincingly detected in the afterglows of some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The relativistic jet associated with GRBs may be surrounded by a cocoon and thus the thermal photons of the cocoon pervading the emission region of the jet can be upscattered to the very-high-energy regime (e.g., sub-TeV/TeV) by the electrons in the jet. In this scenario, the electrons in the jet cool down and thus the jet emission in the low-energy regime, e.g., the X-ray or optical, may be suppressed. In this paper, we study the effect of the cocoon's thermal photons on the jet emission in the low-energy regime. We find that the jet emission in the low-energy regime is significantly suppressed when the emission region of the jet is just encircled by a hot cocoon. Correspondingly, there is a sharp decay in the light curves of the jet emission in the low-energy regime, which can be understood to signify strong TeV emission in GRBs. Since the radius of the cocoon expands with the observer time t obs, the suppression of the jet emission in the low-energy regime may be relieved and thus the light curves of the jet emission would return to those of emission without a cocoon-external inverse-Compton cooling effect. For a long-lasting jet with power ∝ (1 + t obs / t c) α , an internal plateau followed by a sharp decay may generally appear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was to analyze the influence of corn 'price-subsidy separation' policy on the stability of pork supply chain, so as to maintain the stability of pork supply market. Based on the panel data of 19 major corn producing provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, the impact of corn 'price-subsidy separation' policy on the stability of pork supply chain in China was tested by double difference method. The results show that, on the basis of controlling a series of other factors, with the increase of corn price, the implementation of corn 'price-subsidy separation' policy could positively improve the stability of pork supply chain in China, and the improvement effect was about 0.042. Further study showed that the policy of 'price-subsidy separation' of corn has obvious influence on the upstream stability of pork supply chain, and the upstream stability of pork supply chain had increased by 0.106 7% after the implementation of the policy. The study indicates that 'price-subsidy separation' policy of corn can promote the stability of pork supply chain in China, and the effect is stronger in the upstream of pork supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has historically been exceedingly challenging to create physically and chemically stable lanthanide compounds with strong second harmonic generation (SHG) due to their strong preference to central symmetry. In this work, five new non‐centrosymmetric lanthanide selenites, namely, Ln2F2(OH2)(MoO3)2(SeO3)2 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy), are achieved by partial fluorination of the lanthanide oxygen polyhedron. An HF corrosion resistant supercritical hydrothermal method is developed, which is a facile and universal method for HF corrosion and high‐temperature high‐pressure environment. The title compounds displayed a novel 3D framework composed of 1D molybdenum selenite chains bridged by Ln2F2O12(OH2) dimers. Their powder SHG responses showed a large difference, ranging from 1.0 to 9.0 × KH2PO4 (KDP) at 1064 nm. The half‐filled Gd compound exhibited very strong SHG efficiency of up to 1.2 × KTP (KTiOPO4) at 2050 nm. Compounds Tb and Gd are the first lanthanide selenites with SHG intensity reaching KTP level, which is very rare in this system. Furthermore, these compounds can also possess excellent physicochemical stability and strong luminescence emission, indicating that they are promising multifunctional nonlinear optical materials. This work offered an effective way for design and synthesis of multifunctional and high‐performant nonlinear optical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published radiotherapy data for canine intraventricular tumours are limited. In this retrospective, longitudinal study (9/2011–2018), 11 dogs with intraventricular masses were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Pathologic diagnosis was available from surgery or necropsy in 6/11 cases, revealing choroid plexus papilloma (3) or carcinoma (2), and ependymoma (1). The remainder were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐diagnosed as suspected choroid tumours or ependymomas. Tumours were located in the third or lateral ventricle (8), fourth ventricle (2), and cerebellopontine angle (1). Surgery was performed in three dogs prior to radiotherapy, and all showed gross residual/recurrent disease at treatment. Dogs received 8 Gray × 3 fractions (7), or 15 Gray × 1 fraction (4). Ten dogs were deceased at analysis, and one was living. The estimated median overall survival time (OS) from first SRT treatment was 16.9 months (515 days, 95% CI 33–1593 days). The survival time for two pathology‐diagnosed carcinoma dogs were 24 and 133 days, respectively, and survival time for dogs with moderate to marked ventriculomegaly (4/11) ranged from 24 to 113 days. A total of 10/11 showed clinical improvement per owner or clinician, but two had short‐lived benefits and were euthanized within 6 weeks of SRT. Limited conclusions on radiation‐specific complications are possible due to the small dataset and limited follow‐up imaging. This study provides preliminary evidence that radiotherapy outcomes are variable with intraventricular tumours, and some long‐term survivors are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finite‐time dissipative control for a class of nonlinear distributed parameter Cyber‐Physical Systems (CPSs) is studied in this article. By replacing the nonlinear term with the Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model, the nonlinear distributed parameter CPSs are represented by a fuzzy parabolic partial differential equation (PDE). To reduce the transmission burden of communication channels, the state information is considered to be dynamically quantized before transmission. Then, a fuzzy state feedback controller under cyber attacks is designed. Sufficient design criteria for the fuzzy controller and the adjusting parameters of dynamic quantizer are developed to obtain the finite‐time dissipative performance of the fuzzy closed‐loop system by the free‐matrix inequality approach. Finally, a simulation study in a cascaded of two cylindrical lithium batteries is explored to validate the efficiency of the control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with single signal detection, a ratiometric biosensor could offer more accurate and reliable results. Here, a ratiometric electrochemical biosensor for the sensitive and accurate detection of dopamine was developed based on the strong adsorption ability of MXene-Au toward methylene blue, an inner reference element. This ratiometric sensing strategy opened up a new avenue for the development of a ratiometric platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect gut bacteria play an essential role in the nutritional metabolism, growth, and development of insects. Grasshoppers (Orthoptera) are cellulose-rich plant-feeding pests. Although the biological potential of grasshopper gut microorganisms to assist cellulose decomposition is well established, microbial resources for efficient degradation of cellulose biomass are still scarce and need to be developed. In this study, we used selective media to isolate cellulose-degrading bacteria from the intestines of Atractomorpha sinensis, Trilophidia annulata, Sphingonotus mongolicus , and Calliptamus abbreviatus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the maximum likelihood method using 16S rDNA sequencing sequences to identify bacteria revealed the isolation of 11 strains belonging to 3 genera, including Klebsiella , Aeromonas , and Bacillus. The degradability of the isolates to cellulose was then determined by the DNS colorimetric method, and the results showed that Bacillus had the highest degradation rate. The elucidation of microbial cellulose degradation capacity in grasshoppers not only contributes to the understanding of multiple plant–insect–microbe interactions, but also provides a valuable microbial resource for solving the biomass conversion of cellulose species problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep-sea cage aquaculture (DSCA) is an important way to expand new space for marine aquaculture, promote the transformation and upgrade of the fishery industry, and optimize the structure of marine aquaculture. Using the panel data of DSCA in China's coastal areas from 2013 to 2021, this study constructs the SBM–Malmquist model to measure the DSCA production efficiency and analyzes its total factor productivity. The results show that the overall DSCA production efficiency exhibited an increasing trend in spite of a sharp decline in 2019. The efficiency exhibited regional differences, being the strongest in the Bohai Sea region, followed by in the Yellow Sea, the South China Sea, and the East China Sea regions. The overall total factor productivity remained generally stable, although a large fluctuation occurred between 2019 and 2021. Both pure technological efficiency and scale efficiency promoted the total factor productivity in 2019–2021, while the efficiency of technological changes in societal aspects declined. This study shows that the DSCA production efficiency is significantly influenced by input factors such as labor and capital investment. In addition, natural disasters inhibit the improvement of the production efficiency to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence for the prospective associations among parental failure mindset, helicopter parenting, and children's intelligence mindset is lacking. This three-wave longitudinal study (12 months apart between waves) addressed this research gap by testing whether perceived maternal helicopter parenting mediated the link between perceived maternal failure mindset and intelligence mindset. Participants included 525 Chinese adolescents (47.2% girls, Mage = 15.41 years, SD = 0.22). Random-intercept cross-lagged analysis suggests that mothers with stronger failure-is-debilitating mindsets are more likely to engage in helicopter parenting, which may in turn contribute to stronger endorsements of a fixed mindset of intelligence in their adolescent children. The relation between maternal helicopter parenting and children's intelligence mindset appeared to be reciprocal, i.e., children's fixed mindset may elicit more helicopter parenting over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economically significant bean pests of the genus Chauliops are species rich in the areas surrounding the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and provide an excellent system for speciation studies. Here, an integrative taxonomic approach, employing morphological analyses, population genetic methods, and multiple molecular species delimitation methods, was used to clarify the taxonomy of Chauliops in East and Southeast Asia. Four new species (Chauliops parahorizontalis Li & Bu, sp. nov., Chauliops albida Li & Bu, sp. nov., Chauliops bicoloripes Li & Bu, sp. nov., and Chauliops paraconica Li & Bu, sp. nov.) were described, which increases the number of Chauliops species in this area from six to 10; a key for Chauliops species is also provided. Phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation revealed that Chauliops was divided into four clades: Clade A (Chauliops bisontula + [Chauliops horizontalis + C. parahorizontalis sp. nov.]), Clade B (C. albida sp. nov. and C. bicoloripes sp. nov.), Clade C (Chauliops quaternaria and Chauliops zhengi), and Clade D (Chauliops fallax + [Chauliops conica + C. paraconica sp. nov.]). Two species diversification events of Chauliops estimated to have occurred 7–1 million years ago (Ma) and 25–13 Ma were detected. These speciation events were consistent with the two historical uplift events of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, suggesting that orogeny might have provided opportunities for the diversification of Chauliops species on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our findings show that population genetic analyses can be used to delimit related species and that orogeny is a key driver of species diversification on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic ferroelectrics have long dominated research and applications, taking advantage of high piezoelectric performance in bulk polycrystalline ceramic forms. Molecular ferroelectrics have attracted growing interest because of their environmental friendliness, easy processing, lightweight, and good biocompatibility, while realizing the considerable piezoelectricity in their bulk polycrystalline forms remains a great challenge. Herein, for the first time, through ring enlargement, a molecular ferroelectric 1‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octonium perrhenate ([3.2.1‐abco]ReO4) with a large piezoelectric coefficient d33 up to 118 pC/N in the polycrystalline pellet form is designed, which is higher than that of the parent 1‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanium perrhenate ([2.2.1–abch]ReO4, 90 pC/N) and those of most molecular ferroelectrics in polycrystalline or even single crystal forms. The ring enlargement reduces the molecular strain for easier molecular deformation, which contributes to the higher piezoelectric response in [3.2.1‐abco]ReO4. This work opens up a new avenue for exploring high piezoelectric polycrystalline molecular ferroelectrics with great potential in piezoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin-polarized positron beams have widely been utilized in applications ranging from fundamental physical studies to material processing. Preparing highly polarized positron beams for accurate probing is a long-standing issue. Here, we put forward a method to produce ultra-relativistic polarized positrons with unprecedented purity in a femtosecond timescale employing a few-PW circularly polarized laser pulse. The fully spin-resolved QED Monte Carlo method is used for simulating the two successive QED processes during the interaction, i.e., nonlinear Compton scattering and nonlinear Breit–Wheeler pair production. As the photons emitted in a circularly polarized laser field are symmetrically polarized, the polarization of the intermediate gamma photon beam averages out to zero, which is advantageous for improving the polarization of positrons. Meanwhile, the moderate laser intensity suppresses the depolarization of the new-born positrons induced by radiation reaction effect. As a result, the polarization of the positrons can reach up to ≳ 90%, the highest among the laser-driven polarization schemes conceived hitherto. Furthermore, our method relaxes the requirement on laser intensity to few-PW level, offering a promising way of preparing polarized positrons with current-generation laser facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cisterna magna has been defined as the space between the inferior margin of the cerebellar vermis to the level of the foramen magnum, while an enlarged dorsal subarachnoid space at the occipito-cervical junction extending from the foramen magnum to the upper border of the axis (C2) is still ignored. Recently, the myodural bridge complex is proved to drive the cerebral spinal fluid flowing via this region, we therefore introduce the "occipito-atlantal cistern (OAC)" to better describe the subarachnoid space and provide a detailed rationale. The present study utilized several methods, including MRI, gross anatomical dissection, P45 sheet plastination, and three-dimensional visualization. OAC was observed to be an enlarge subarachnoid space, extending from the foramen magnum to the level of the C2. In the median sagittal plane, OAC was a funnel shape and its anteroposterior dimensions were 15.92 ± 4.20 mm at the level of the C0, 4.49 ± 1.25 mm at the level of the posterior arch of the C1, and 2.88 ± 0.77 mm at the level of the arch of the C2, respectively. In the median sagittal plane, the spino-dural angle of the OAC was calculated to be 35.10 ± 6.91°, and the area of OAC was calculated to be 232.28 ± 71.02 mm2. The present study provides OAC is a subarachnoid space independent from the cisterna magna. Because of its distinctive anatomy, as well as theoretical and clinical significance, OAC deserves its own name. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excellent characteristics of transparent hard materials such as high hardness, high transparency, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance enable their applications in microfluidic substrates even in harsh environments. Microchannels are important parts in microfluidic systems, and the preparation of microchannel structures in transparent hard materials deserves further in‐depth study. The traditional processing method is contact processing with large thermal influence and low processing efficiency, so it is impossible to obtain complex microchannels with high quality and high aspect ratio. The femtosecond laser processing is a non‐contact processing approach with no thermal damage, high processing accuracy, and easy to form complex microchannels, making it the best choice for processing microchannels in transparent hard materials. This work reviews the recent advances in femtosecond laser processing of transparent hard materials to form microchannel structures, focusing on the reaction mechanism, processing methods, and the obtained microchannel structures, including surface microchannels, 2D microchannels, and 3D microchannels. Furthermore, the application of microchannel structure in microfluidic field, including optical inspection and biochemical reaction, is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the expression characteristics of FcμR in small intestinal lymph nodes of bactrian camels can lay the foundation for further revealing the function of FcμR. The FcμR expression characteristics were systematically analysed by using prokaryotic expression, antibody preparation, immunohistochemical staining and statistical analysis. FcμR positive cells were mainly located in the lymphoid follicles and their numbers decreased in the order of duodenal lymph nodes, jejunal lymph nodes and ileal lymph nodes, and the number of positive cells was statistically significant between different intestinal segments (P<0.05). The FcμR is expressed in lymphoid follicular B cells, which not only facilitates the body's ability to regulate secretory IgM levels, but also acts as a local immune defence barrier. The small intestine has dual functions of immune tolerance and immune response, the proximal part mainly focuses on immune tolerance, and the distal part mainly focuses on immune response. This distribution ensures the unity of the duodenal absorption and immune defence, and also significantly increases the efficiency of the entire small intestine, which is why the number of FcμR positive cells decreases in the order of duodenal lymph nodes, jejunal lymph nodes and ileal lymph nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common disease initiated by the degeneration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). The pyroptosis of degenerated NP cells (dNPCs) plays an important role in NP degeneration. The purpose of this study is to identify a feasible solution that can inhibit NP cell pyroptosis to therapy the degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Cell viability and proliferation were quantified by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The measurement of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2,7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate. The death of cells was analyzed by the Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) method of fluorescence analysis. The pyroptosis of cells was assessed by flow cytometry analyses. The contents of sulfate glycosaminoglycans were detected by a blyscan assay kit. In this study, we determined the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on dNPCs and investigated the underlying mechanism of RA-mediated pyroptosis in dNPCs. We also verified the effects of RA on IVD degeneration in vivo. Our results demonstrated that RA significantly increased the proliferation and the protein expression of sox9, aggrecan, and collagen II of dNPCs. Pyroptosis-related proteins and the pyroptosis rate of dNPCs were significantly decreased by RA. We found that Sirt1-SOD2 signaling was activated, while ROS generation and TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling in dNPCs were inhibited after the addition of RA. Furthermore, RA also recovered the structure of NP and increased the contents of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and collagen in vivo. Our study demonstrated that RA could inhibit the pyroptosis and increase the extracellular matrix synthesis function of dNPCs and verified that RA has a protective effect on IVD degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste discharged in the alumina production process. Because of its large amount of discharge and high alkalinity, it is mostly stored in dams, occupying a large number of land resources and posing a great safety hazard to the ecological environment. The large-scale consumption of red mud is a global technical problem. Different alumina production processes will produce different types of red mud, mainly Bayer process red mud. In addition to its overall utilization in the field of building materials, agriculture, the environment, and the chemical industry, red mud also contains valuable metal elements, such as titanium, iron, scandium, and aluminum, and is an important secondary mineral resource. This paper focuses on the principle and characteristics of red mud metallurgical treatment for the extraction of valuable components and looks forward to the prospect of large-scale, harmless, and high-value comprehensive utilization technology for red mud in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fatigue life prediction of the bearings is a crucial and challenging issue, especially under random cyclic loadings. Although numerous methods have been proposed, the remaining useful life of bearings is still unclear. In this study, the tensile and fatigue properties of high‐speed train bearings after various operating mileages were investigated. The experimental results reveal that the microhardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fatigue strength of the bearing steel present a downward trend with increasing the operating mileage. Based on Miner's law, we proposed the generalized linear cumulative damage theory, which illustrates that fatigue damage of components per unit mileage can be linearly superimposed. Accordingly, the residual strength model was established to evaluate the fatigue life of high‐speed train bearings. It would provide a new insight for the fatigue life prediction of bearings under random loadings. Highlights: The fatigue damage behavior of high‐speed train bearings was systematically explored.The tensile and fatigue strength show a downward trend with the operating mileage.The fatigue life calculated by residual static/fatigue strength is 10–27 and 6 million km.It provides a new insight into the fatigue life prediction of engineering components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Multiple studies indicate a possible correlation between ADD3 rs2501577 and biliary atresia susceptibility; however, a conclusive determination has yet to be made. Objective: Investigate the role of ADD3 rs2501577 in biliary atresia susceptibility across diverse populations. Data sources: The study protocol has been registered on PROSPERO, an international platform for systematic review registration (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023384641). The following databases will be searched until February 1, 2023: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CBM, Web of Science, and CNKI. Study selection: Eight studies were selected from seven papers to assess the data. A total of 7651 participants were included, consisting of 1662 in the BA group and 5989 in the NC group. Data extraction and synthesis: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed while conducting the systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Two authors independently assessed the quality of the included studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The significance of the pooled odds ratio (OR) was evaluated with a Z test, and statistical heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I2 and Q statistics. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests. Main outcome(s) and measure(s): The primary study outcome was the development of biliary atresia. Subgroup analysis was performed based on race, region, and assessment of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Results: The studies indicate that the ADD3 rs2501577 susceptibility locus increases the risk of developing biliary atresia, regardless of allelic, homozygote, dominant, and recessive gene inheritance models. Furthermore, ADD3 has been found to be associated with apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell damage repair based on functional analysis. Conclusions and relevance: The ADD3 rs2501577 polymorphic locus is associated with an increased risk of biliary atresia, particularly in Asian populations. This study recommends further investigation of the ADD3 rs2501577 locus in Asian populations to validate its role in the diagnosis of biliary atresia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An environmentally benign electrochemical approach has been developed for the α-hydroxymethylation of ketones using N,N-dimethylformamide as the carbon source for the construction of β-hydroxy ketones. This method does not require metal catalysts or chemical oxidants and proceeded smoothly at room temperature to demonstrate tolerance of a broad range of functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a great challenge to develop UV nonlinear optical (NLO) material due to the demanding conditions of strong second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity and wide band gap. The first ultraviolet NLO selenite material, Y3F(SeO3)4, has been obtained by control of the fluorine content in a centrosymmetric CaYF(SeO3)2. The two new compounds represent similar 3D structures composed of 3D yttrium open frameworks strengthened by selenite groups. CaYF(SeO3)2 has a large birefringence (0.138@532 nm and 0.127@1064 nm) and a wide optical band gap (5.06 eV). The non‐centrosymmetric Y3F(SeO3)4 can exhibit strong SHG intensity (5.5×KDP@1064 nm), wide band gap (5.03 eV), short UV cut‐off edge (204 nm) and high thermal stability (690 °C). So, Y3F(SeO3)4 is a new UV NLO material with excellent comprehensive properties. Our work shows that it is an effective method to develop new UV NLO selenite material by fluorination control of the centrosymmetric compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a great challenge to develop UV nonlinear optical (NLO) material due to the demanding conditions of strong second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity and wide band gap. The first ultraviolet NLO selenite material, Y3F(SeO3)4, has been obtained by control of the fluorine content in a centrosymmetric CaYF(SeO3)2. The two new compounds represent similar 3D structures composed of 3D yttrium open frameworks strengthened by selenite groups. CaYF(SeO3)2 has a large birefringence (0.138@532 nm and 0.127@1064 nm) and a wide optical band gap (5.06 eV). The non‐centrosymmetric Y3F(SeO3)4 can exhibit strong SHG intensity (5.5×KDP@1064 nm), wide band gap (5.03 eV), short UV cut‐off edge (204 nm) and high thermal stability (690 °C). So, Y3F(SeO3)4 is a new UV NLO material with excellent comprehensive properties. Our work shows that it is an effective method to develop new UV NLO selenite material by fluorination control of the centrosymmetric compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between arsenic exposure and all-cause of death and the combined effects of arsenic exposure and smoking have been poorly evaluated in the available studies. Workers exposed to arsenic had significantly higher mortality rates for all causes (HR = 1.457, 95% CI = 1.242 to 1.708), cancer (HR = 1.517, 95% CI = 1.139 to 2.022), and cerebrovascular disease (HR = 1.796, 95% CI = 1.225 to 2.634). More effective measures should be taken to control arsenic among miners with arsenic exposure. Background: The relationship between arsenic exposure and all-cause mortality and the joint effects of arsenic exposure and smoking have been poorly described in previous studies. Methods: After 27 years of follow-up, a total of 1738 miners were included in the analysis. Different statistical methods were used to explore the relationship between arsenic exposure and smoking and the risk of all-cause mortality and various causes of death. Results: A total of 694 deaths occurred during the 36,199.79 person-years of follow-up. Cancer was the leading cause of death, and arsenic-exposed workers had significantly higher mortality rates for all-cause, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease. All-cause, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and respiratory disease increased with cumulative arsenic exposure. Conclusions: We demonstrated the negative effects of smoking and arsenic exposure on all-cause mortality. More effective actions should be taken to reduce arsenic exposure in miners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To screen efficacious neoantigens for the development of LIHC mRNA vaccines, construct LIHC immune clusters, and therefore select patients who might benefit from vaccination. Methods: RNA-seq data and clinical information of 371 TCGA-LIHC and 231 ICGC-LIHC cohorts were downloaded. Differentially expressed genes and their associations with prognosis were analyzed by GEPIA, genetic alterations were examined in the cBioPortal portal, and the association between genes and immune infiltrating cells was explored by TIMER. The immune clusters were constructed by consistency clustering, and the immune landscape was described using CIBERSORT. Results: POLR3C and KPNA2 were identified as LIHC tumor neoantigens related to inferior prognosis and antigen-presenting cell infiltration. In addition, three immune clusters (IC1, IC2 and IC3) with significant differences in molecular, immune cytological, and clinical features were identified in both the TCGA and ICGC LIHC cohorts. Immune "hot" phenotype IC3 displayed a better survival than IC2, and immune "cold" phenotype IC1 exhibited a high tumor mutation burden. Conclusion: In conclusion, for the development of anti-LIHC mRNA vaccines, we identified efficacious neoantigens POLR3C and KPNA2, profiled the tumor microenvironment of LIHC, and identified IC1 patients as the subgroup who might not most benefit from vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among clean energy transformation devices, fuel cells have gained special attention over the past years; however, advancing appropriate non-valuable metal impetuses to halfway supplant the customary Pt/C impetus is still in progress. In this paper, we propose a specific electrocatalyst in the formula of highly-active Cu species, associated with coated carbon (Cu@C-800), for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) through post-treatment of a self-assembled precursor. The optimized catalyst Cu@C-800 showed excellent ORR performance (i.e., the onset potential was 1.00 V vs. RHE, and half-wave potential of 0.81 V vs. RHE), high stability, resistance to methanol, and high four-electron selectivity. The enhancement is attributed to the synergy between the carbon matrix and a high explicit surface region and rich Cu nano-species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the nutritional components of Miscanthus floridulus at different periods (germination period, elongation stage and head sprouting period) and to study the degradation characteristics of Miscanthus floridulus at the period of elongation in the rumen of goats, five Mindong goats fitted with the permanent ruminal fistula were selected to determine the degradation rate of Miscanthus floridulus at different time points (4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 h) in the rumen, and the degradation parameters and effective degradation rate were also calculated. The results showed that: the contents of CP, NDF and ADF in the stems and leaves of Miscanthus floridulus in different periods were quite different. Among them, Miscanthus floridulus at the period of elongation had the characteristics of high biomass and better nutritional quality, which was suitable for the goat farming. The degradation rates of DM, CP, NDF and ADF in Miscanthus floridulus at the period of elongation increased in the rumen of goats with the time variation, and reached the maximum at 72 h, with the degradation rates of 42.94%, 59.31%, 44.15% and 39.65%, respectively, and the effective degradation rates of 30.03%, 40.74%, 29.80% and 27.41%, respectively. The 72 h degradation rate and the effective degradation rate (ED) of CP were significantly higher than those of DM, NDF and ADF (P<0.05). In summary, Miscanthus floridulus at the period of elongation had higher nutritional value and ruminal degradation characteristic, and was an unconventional roughage forage with development potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two simple novel station-keeping stategies around triangular libration points in the realistic Earth-Moon system are proposed. • Both strategies do not require a pre-determined nominal orbit, and both can be extended to the case of a pre-determined nominal orbit. • The robustness of the two strategies is tested by considering errors from the force model, the maneuvers, and the orbit determination process. Concerning the unstable motions around triangular libration points in the Earth-Moon system, two simple station-keeping strategies are proposed. One is based on continuous low-thrust maneuvers, and the other is based on impulsive maneuvers. For the first strategy, its advantage is that the station-keeping process is completely decoupled from the orbit determination process. For the second strategy, the annual station-keeping cost can be as low as less than 4 m/s while maintaining a reasonably small orbit. For both strategies, the maneuvers are computed either by reference to the libration point itself, or by reference to a pre-determined nominal orbit. The two strategies are firstly proposed in the simple ephemerides model, and then verified in a simulated realistic model which considers force model uncertainties, maneuver errors, and orbit determination errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The degradation of tensile and fatigue properties of high-speed train bearing after long-term service were explored. • The decline rates of fatigue strength in bearing steel after long-term service are 20.0% and 41.2%, respectively. • The mean length of secondary cracks increases from 8.3 μm to 9.8 μm, which indicating that more cracks initiated in used bearing. • It would provide a new insight for the mechanical property evolution law in high-speed train bearing. The remaining useful life prediction of the bearings after long-term service is a crucial issue. Exploring the fatigue failure mechanism of bearing is helpful to grasp the dynamic evolution law during its whole period. In this paper, the tensile and fatigue property degradation law of bearings for high-speed train under different service mileages were explored. The results display that there is a downward trend for the tensile/fatigue strength and elongation of the bearing as prolonging its service mileage. The area proportion of dimples declines while that of cleavage plane increases in bearing steel after long-term service. The variations of secondary crack length and equivalent diameters of cleavage plane indicate that more cracks initiated in damaged bearing under cyclic loading. Based on the energy principle, the fatigue failure mechanism of bearings after long-term service was elaborated with the plastic deformation, crack initiation and growth resistance. The results would provide theoretical reference for the fatigue property degradation law of high-speed train bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti-oxo clusters as photocatalytic heterojunction precursor materials are a promising strategy for preparing TiO 2. Enhancing the utilization of photogenerated electrons and increasing the delivery channel of these electrons can improve the performance of photocatalytic materials for H 2 evolution significantly. Hereby, a novel ternary [TiO 2 -CdS QDs-5/Co(bpy) 3 Cl 2 ] photocatalyst for highly efficient photocatalytic HER was reported for the first time. In this paper, a TiO 2 -CdS QDs-5 binary Z-type heterojunction was identified, and the photocatalytic HER yield was further improved by [Co(bpy) 3 Cl 2 ]. The above-mentioned ternary system is advantageous for separating and transferring photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The photocatalytic HER rate of this catalytic system was 4440.84 μmol·h−1·g−1, which was 7.1 times more than that of TiO 2 -CdS QDs-5. The results indicate that the system is capable of maintaining stability and enhancement of the photocatalytic HER under visible light irradiation. In this study, we investigated photogenerated electron transfer pathways to improve the photocatalytic HER of TiO 2 and we also revealed the electron transfer mechanism of TiO 2 -CdS QDs-5 Z-typed heterojunction with [Co(bpy) 3 Cl 2 ] through DFT calculation. More importantly, this study presents a novel Z-type heterojunction catalyst, which enhance the electron transport path and this work provides an effective design concept for the development of TiO 2 -based materials for efficient photocatalytic HER. • TiO 2 was prepared by Ti-oxo clusters, and TiO 2 -CdS QDs were prepared using post-modification strategy method. • The photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 -CdS QDs were further enhanced by using the photosensitizer [Co(bpy) 3 Cl 2 ]. • Binary TiO 2 -CdS QDs Z-type heterojunction system was synthesized. • The system extends the transport path of electron transfer in photocatalytic HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]