Search

The aim of this study was to determine the time between the first detection of postural control impairments and the evident manifestation of ataxia in preclinical SCA1 individuals. Twenty five preclinical SCA1 mutation carriers: 13 with estimated disease onset ≤ 6 years (SCA1 +) aged 27.8 ± 8.1 years; 12 with expected disease onset > 6 years (SCA1-) aged 26.6 ± 3.1 years and 26 age and sex matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent static posturography during 5 years of observation. The movements of the centre of feet pressure (COP) during quiet standing with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) were quantified by calculating the mean radius (R), developed surface area (A) and mean COP movement velocity (V). Ataxia was evaluated by use of the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). SCA1 + exhibited significantly worse quality of stance with EC vs. SCA1- (p < 0.05 for V) and HCs (p < 0.001) even 5 to 6 years before estimated disease onset. There were no statistically significant differences between SCA1- and HCs. A slow increase in Cohen's d effect size was observed for VEO up to the clinical manifestation of ataxia. VEO and AEC recorded in preclinical SCA1 individuals correlated slightly but statistically significantly with SARA (r = 0.47). The study confirms that static posturography detects COP sway changes in SCA1 preclinical gene carriers even 5 to 6 years before estimated disease onset. The quantitative evaluation of stance in preclinical SCA is a sensitive biomarker for the monitoring of the disease progression and may be useful in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a simple analytical method for determining the viscosity index (VI) that effectively aligns with results obtained from the applicable standards. This method simply needs the kinematic viscosity of the tested oil at 40 and 100 °C as input parameters and does not need to use tables that are an integral part of the mentioned standards. This work presents a method and evaluates the accuracy of determining auxiliary parameters in the form of kinematic viscosity values at 40 °C for two hypothetical oils. These oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C equal to that of the oil under testing and have VI = 0 and 100. The relative fitting error percentage and the coefficient of determination are found for the specified auxiliary indicators. The method is validated using data obtained from previous studies in the form of the kinematic viscosity of lubricating oil–diesel mixtures. The mixtures of viscosity grades SAE 30 and SAE 40 lubricating oil with diesel oil at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50% w/w are tested. The viscosity index for each mixture is determined using a standard-based manual calculation using the Anton Paar viscosity index calculator and the proposed method. The results obtained from the proposed analytical method are compared with those from two other methods. The maximum percentage relative fitting error (δmax ≈ 1%) and the coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.999) are determined. The obtained results demonstrate a very good fit and, thus, confirm the usefulness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 13% of people globally, including 20%–48% with type 2 diabetes (T2D), resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. There is an urgent need to increase early screening and intervention for CKD. We are experts in diabetology and nephrology in Central Europe and Israel. Herein, we review evidence supporting the use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for kidney protection and discuss barriers to early CKD diagnosis and treatment, including in our respective countries. SGLT2 inhibitors exert cardiorenal protective effects, demonstrated in the renal outcomes trials (EMPA‐KIDNEY, DAPA‐CKD, CREDENCE) of empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and canagliflozin in patients with CKD. EMPA‐KIDNEY demonstrated cardiorenal efficacy across the broadest renal range, regardless of T2D status. Renoprotective evidence also comes from large real‐world studies. International guidelines recommend first‐line SGLT2 inhibitors for patients with T2D and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥20 mL/min/1.73 m2, and that glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists may also be administered if required for additional glucose control. Although these guidelines recommend at least annual eGFR and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio screening for patients with T2D, observational studies suggest that only half are screened. Diagnosis is hampered by asymptomatic early CKD and under‐recognition among patients with T2D and clinicians, including limited knowledge/use of guidelines and resources. Based on our experience and on the literature, we recommend robust screening programmes, potentially with albuminuria self‐testing, and SGLT2 inhibitor reimbursement at general practitioner (GP) and specialist levels. High‐tech tools (artificial intelligence, smartphone apps, etc.) are providing exciting opportunities to identify high‐risk individuals, self‐screen, detect abnormalities in images, and assist with prescribing and treatment adherence. Better education is also needed, alongside provision of concise guidelines, enabling GPs to identify who would benefit from early initiation of renoprotective therapy; although, regardless of current renal function, cardiorenal protection is provided by SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a Dirichlet problem driven by the anisotropic (p , q) Laplacian. In the reaction, we have a parametric partially concave term plus a "superlinear" perturbation (convex term) which need not satisfy the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition. Using variational tools, we show that for all small values of the parameter λ > 0 , the problem has at least two nontrivial smooth solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer remains a significant public health challenge, with poor long-term outcomes due to the lack of effective treatment options. Repurposing commonly used clinical drugs, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, CCBs, and metformin, may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and offer a promising therapeutic strategy for improving patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of concomitant treatment with ACE-Is, ARBs, CCBs, and metformin alongside gemcitabine chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer was conducted. Treatment responses were evaluated, with overall survival (OS) estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Additionally, the Cox proportional hazards model was employed to assess the impact of these specific agents on patient survival. Results: 4628 patients with various stages of pancreatic cancer were identified in the database between 2007 and 2016. The estimated overall survival (OS) in the analyzed group was 6.9 months (95% CI 6.4–7). The use of any of the analyzed drugs was associated with a significant improvement in mOS of 7.5 months (95% CI 6.8–7.8) vs. 6.7 months (95% CI 6.4–7.0) for patients who did not have additional treatment (p < 0.0001). ARBs, ACE-Is, CCBs, and metformin varied in their effectiveness in prolonging mOS among patients. The longest mOS of 8.9 months (95% CI 7.7–11.6) was observed in patients receiving additional therapy with ARBs, while the shortest mOS of 7.7 months (95% CI 6.5–8.9) was achieved by patients receiving metformin. In the adjusted Cox analysis, metformin was associated with a significantly weaker effect on mOS (p = 0.029). A particularly interesting trend in prolonging 5-year survival was demonstrated by ARBs and CCBs with 14.1% (95% CI 9–22%) and 14.8% (95% CI 11.1–19.6%), respectively, compared to patients not taking these drugs, who achieved a 5-year OS of 3.8% (95% CI 3.2–4.4%). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a significant positive impact of ARBs, ACE inhibitors, and CCBs on survival in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine. The addition of these inexpensive and relatively safe drugs in patients with additional comorbidities may represent a potential therapeutic option in this indication. However, prospective clinical trials to evaluate the optimal patient population and further studies to determine the potential impact of these agents on chemotherapy are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we introduce a novel advancement in the field of theoretical exploration. Specifically, we investigate the transfer and trapping of electronic excitations within a two-component disordered system confined to a finite volume. The implications of our research extend to energy transfer phenomena on spherical nanoparticles, characterized by randomly distributed donors and acceptors on their surface. Utilizing the three-body Padé approximant technique, previously employed in single-component systems, we apply it to address the challenge of trapping within our system. To validate the robustness of our model, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations on a donor–acceptor system positioned on a spherical nanoparticle. In particular, very good agreement between the model and Monte Carlo simulations has been found for donor fluorescence intensity decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Due to its high prevalence, considerable morbidity, and chronicity, there is a need for the accurate in vivo evaluation of treatment efficacy. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new emerging imaging technique able to perform a non-invasive, real-time examination of the epidermis and the upper dermis. LC-OCT may represent a promising tool in the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of chronic eczematous skin diseases with barrier defects. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the role of LC-OCT in the non-invasive monitoring of the treatment effect on five patients with severe atopic dermatitis during dupilumab treatment. Materials and Methods: LC-OCT imaging was performed on five patients (three women and two men) aged between 14 and 85 years old at the baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of treatment with dupilumab. The LC-OCT scans were performed at two sites, the lesional skin in the antecubital fossa and the extensor part of the arm, considered a control site on each patient for comparison. The captured images were later evaluated. Descriptive statistics and a t-test were used to compare the analyzed parameters over time and between involved atopic skin and clinically healthy skin. Results: The LC-OCT imaging was able to detect the difference in stratum corneum (SC) thickness and quality and epidermal thickness (ET) and the changes before and after treatment with high accuracy. The main findings include a significant reduction in the epidermal and stratum corneum thickness and decreased epidermal spongiosis and inflammation, with better quality of the stratum corneum indicating restoration of its tightness at both lesional and control sites. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that clinical improvement of affected and unaffected atopic skin under dupilumab treatment correlates with the LC-OCT findings. LC-OCT represents a novel, non-invasive tool examining the in vivo skin barrier and inflammation and can help to monitor the treatment efficacy among patients with atopic dermatitis in daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2)-enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) in Poland, focusing on their energetic performance through process modeling and optimization. EGSs harness the potential of geothermal energy by utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid, offering promising avenues for sustainable power generation. This study investigates two distinct configurations of sCO2-EGS: one dedicated to power generation via a binary system with an organic Rankine cycle and the other for combined power and heat production through a direct sCO2 cycle. Through accurate process modeling and simulation, key parameters influencing system efficiency and performance are identified and optimized. The analysis integrates thermodynamic principles with geological and operational constraints specific to the Polish context. The results highlight the potential of sCO2-EGSs to contribute to the country's energy transition, offering insights into the optimal design and operation of such systems for maximizing both power and thermal output while ensuring economic viability and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the potential of using bedded salt formations for underground hydrogen storage. We present a novel artificial intelligence framework that employs spatial data analysis and multi-criteria decision-making to pinpoint the most appropriate sites for hydrogen storage in salt caverns. This methodology incorporates a comprehensive platform enhanced by a deep learning algorithm, specifically a convolutional neural network (CNN), to generate suitability maps for rock salt deposits for hydrogen storage. The efficacy of the CNN algorithm was assessed using metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the Correlation Coefficient (R2), with comparisons made to a real-world dataset. The CNN model showed outstanding performance, with an R2 of 0.96, MSE of 1.97, MAE of 1.003, and RMSE of 1.4. This novel approach leverages advanced deep learning techniques to offer a unique framework for assessing the viability of underground hydrogen storage. It presents a significant advancement in the field, offering valuable insights for a wide range of stakeholders and facilitating the identification of ideal sites for hydrogen storage facilities, thereby supporting informed decision-making and sustainable energy infrastructure development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that any proof of a ∀ Σ 2 0 sentence in the theory WKL 0 + RT 2 2 can be translated into a proof in RCA 0 at the cost of a polynomial increase in size. In fact, the proof in RCA 0 can be obtained by a polynomial-time algorithm. On the other hand, RT 2 2 has nonelementary speedup over the weaker base theory RCA 0 * for proofs of Σ 1 sentences. We also show that for n ≥ 0 , proofs of Π n + 2 sentences in B Σ n + 1 + exp can be translated into proofs in I Σ n + exp at a polynomial cost in size. Moreover, the Π n + 2 -conservativity of B Σ n + 1 + exp over I Σ n + exp can be proved in PV , a fragment of bounded arithmetic corresponding to polynomial-time computation. For n ≥ 1 , this answers a question of Clote, Hájek and Paris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite progress in treatment, recurrence after radical treatment is common, and the prognosis remains poor for patients with advanced disease. Therefore, there is a need to identify prognostic and predictive factors for the response to therapy or more intensive surveillance or treatment. Because the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development of cancer and metastasis, it is a crucial need to understand processes that are involved in carcinogenesis. Within the microenvironment, several immune cells with different roles are present. One of the most important of these is tumor‐associated macrophages. These cells may exert either antitumor or protumor roles. Several studies have suggested that tumor‐associated macrophages can be used as prognostic markers. Furthermore, they may be involved in resistance to immunotherapy or systemic treatment. As they play an important role in cancer development, tumor‐associated macrophages are also a good target for therapy. In this review, we briefly summarize recent progress on knowledge regarding the basic molecular characteristics, impact on prognosis and potential clinical implications of tumor‐associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the following nonlocal Dirichlet equation of double phase type − ψ [ ∫ Ω (| ∇ u | p p + μ (x) | ∇ u | q q) d x ] G (u) = f (x , u) in Ω , u = 0 on ∂ Ω , where G is the double phase operator given by G (u) = div (| ∇ u | p − 2 ∇ u + μ (x) | ∇ u | q − 2 ∇ u) u ∈ W 0 1 , H (Ω) , Ω ⊆ R N , N ≥ 2 , is a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary ∂Ω, 1 < p < N , p < q < p ⁎ = N p N − p , 0 ≤ μ (⋅) ∈ L ∞ (Ω) , ψ (s) = a 0 + b 0 s ϑ − 1 for s ∈ R , with a 0 ≥ 0 , b 0 > 0 and ϑ ≥ 1 , and f : Ω × R → R is a Carathéodory function that grows superlinearly and subcritically. We prove the existence of two constant sign solutions (one is positive, the other one negative) and of a sign-changing solution which turns out to be a least energy sign-changing solution of the problem above. Our proofs are based on variational tools in combination with the quantitative deformation lemma and the Poincaré-Miranda existence theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay offers a comparative perspective on several narrative representations of two partitions that were established in Europe in the 1920s. Partitions of Ireland and of Upper Silesia had markedly different consequences and political vicissitudes but there are also significant parallels when it comes to selected bordering practices as well as patterns and modes of remembering partition that have been exploited in contemporary writings from either region/country. The principal focus of the essay is on how partition narratives and other representations of bordering have reflected and perpetuated tropes and images connected with social and political divisions in either society. Of particular significance is the persistence of geopolitical lines that may have disappeared from maps and territories and yet they have continued to inspire contemporary identity projects that are informed by stories and memories of the past in borderland areas. The two borders – and their narrative representations – are discussed with reference to Anna Bernard’s concept of ‘partition literature’, Tim Ingold’s ‘ghostly lines’ as well as Astrid Erll’s notion of ‘travelling memory’ and its effects on the nexus of territory and identity in recent writings from Northern Ireland and Upper Silesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conveyor belts are vital for material transportation in coal mines due to their cost-effectiveness and versatility. These belts endure significant wear from harsh operating conditions, risking substantial financial losses if they fail. This study develops five artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict conveyor belt damage using 11 parameters from the Belchatow brown coal mine in Poland. The models target five outputs: number of repairs and cable cuts, cumulative number of repairs and cable cuts, and their ages. Various optimizers (Adam, Nadam, RMSprop, Adamax, and stochastic gradient descent or SGD) and activation functions (ReLU, Swish, sigmoid, tanh, Leaky ReLU, and softmax) were tested to find the optimal configurations. The predictive performance was evaluated using three error indicators against actual mine data. Superior models can forecast belt behavior under specific conditions, aiding proactive maintenance. The study also advocates for the Diagbelt+ system over human inspections for failure detection. This modeling approach enhances proactive maintenance, preventing total system breakdowns due to belt wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental composites are gaining great popularity in restorative dentistry because of their aesthetic appeal and capacity to replicate the natural color of teeth. Nevertheless, their lifespan and durability rely on various factors, such as the polishing technique and the environmental conditions they are exposed to. The study aimed to assess the influence of the method of final polishing of dental composite on the surface roughness and microhardness of materials also considering the environment of different pHs. Disc-shaped samples (5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) have been prepared for microhardness and roughness tests from two dental composites: A2 Clearfil Majesty ES 2 Classic and A2D Clearfil Majesty Premium. One-third of samples were polished with polishing discs, OptiDisc, another one-third of samples were polished with Eve Diacomp Twist rubbers and polishing brush with diamond particles, and rest of the samples were stored without any polishing (the control group). Tested materials were incubated in distilled water or acidic buffer (pH = 2) for 3 weeks at a temperature of 37 °C. No statistically significant differences were found for roughness for the two materials tested after incubation in liquids. A decrease in Vicker microhardness was found for Clearfil Majesty ES 2 Classic after soaking in a low pH liquid, and no such relationship was found for Clearfil Majesty Premium. The improved resistance of these materials to the negative oral environment may result in the longer survival of composite restorations in patients with poor diet or diseases, causing a decrease in oral pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, we compared an interplay of the adenosine system and nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of renal function between male normoglycaemic (NG) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM). Considering the between-sex functional differences, e.g., in the NO status, we present similar studies performed in female rats. We examined if the theophylline effects (non-selective adenosine antagonist) in NG and DM females with or without active NO synthases differed from the earlier findings. In anaesthetised female Sprague Dawley rats, both NG and DM, untreated or after NO synthesis blockade with L-NAME, theophylline effects, on blood pressure, renal hemodynamics and excretion, and renal tissue NO were investigated. Renal artery blood flow (Transonic probe), cortical, outer-, and inner-medullary flows (laser-Doppler technique), and renal tissue NO signal (selective electrode) were measured. In contrast to males, in female NG and DM rats, theophylline induced renal vasodilation. In NO-deficient females, theophylline induced comparable renal vasodilatation, confirming the vasoconstrictor influence of the renal adenosine. In NG and DM females with intact NO synthesis, adenosine inhibition diminished kidney tissue NO, contrasting with an increase reported in males. Lowered baseline renal excretion in DM females suggested stimulation of renal tubular reabsorption due to the prevalence of antinatriuretic over natriuretic tubular action of adenosine receptors. An opposite inter-receptor balance pattern emerged previously from male studies. The study exposed between-sex functional differences in the interrelation of adenosine and NO in rats with normoglycaemia and streptozotocin diabetes. The findings also suggest that in diabetes mellitus, the abundance of individual receptor types can distinctly differ between females and males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical spondylosis is the most common progressive disease of the cervical spine. As a disease that directly affects the function and morphology of the spinal cord and nerve roots, it is of particular interest to neurologists and neurosurgeons. However, due to its prevalence, physicians of all specialties encounter this disease. This article summarizes the current knowledge of the pathomechanism, diagnostics, and treatment of cervical spondylosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we employ the construction of the time-marching discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin (DPG) scheme we developed for linear problems to derive high-order multistage DPG methods for nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations. The methodology extends to abstract evolution equations in Banach spaces, including a class of nonlinear partial differential equations. We present three nested multistage methods: the hybrid Euler method and the two- and three-stage DPG methods. We employ a linearization of the problem as in exponential Rosenbrock methods, so we need to compute exponential actions of the Jacobian that change from time step to time step. The key point of our construction is that one of the stages can be postprocessed from another without an extra exponential step. Therefore, the class of methods we introduce is computationally cheaper than the classical exponential Rosenbrock methods. We provide a full convergence proof to show that the methods are second-, third-, and fourth-order accurate, respectively. We test the convergence in time of our methods on a 2D+time semilinear partial differential equation after a semidiscretization in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic haptic technology is one of the more interesting novel technologies being intensively developed in recent years. Such technology has a number of undoubted advantages and potential applications, but it can also be a source of ultrasonic noise. Pursuant to the provisions of the labor law, ultrasonic noise at a high sound pressure level can be a harmful factor for human health. The article presents the results of the assessment of ultrasonic noise emitted by an ultrasonic haptic device and the assessment of exposure to noise of a person using the device. The tests were carried out using one of the haptic devices readily available on the market. Ultrasonic noise emission tests were carried out around the device, at selected points placed on the surface of a hemisphere of a radius of 0.5 m, for various haptic objects. The analyzed parameter was the equivalent sound pressure level in the 1/3 octave band with a center frequency of 40 kHz. Variable sound pressure levels ranged from 96 dB to 137 dB. Noise exposure tests were carried out both using the KEMAR measurement dummy and with test participants of different heights. In most cases, the sound pressure level exceeded 110 dB, and in the worst case it exceeded 131 dB. Comparison of the results of ultrasonic noise assessments with the permissible values of this noise in the working environment shows that in the case of prolonged or improper use of the device, the permissible values may be exceeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the problem of assessing the impact of road modernization on improving the acoustic environment. It formulates a hypothesis about the advisability of adopting the scalar dimension of the decibel space to describe acoustic hazards. It is proposed to reduce the analysis of changes in sound levels to the analysis of changes in the coefficient of exceedance of the recommended noise levels. Its value is determined by the decibel relation of dividing sound levels. The basis for the assessment of the effectiveness of the adopted solution was the analysis of the statistical characteristics of monitored exceedances of recommended noise levels, considered through the prism of the current and proposed measure. They showed greater sensitivity of the proposed coefficient in the assessment of the improvement of the acoustic climate caused by road modernization. For example, the median noise level for nights before the road modernization was 66.9 dB(A), and after the modernization 65.6 dB(A). However, the coefficient of exceedances decreased by approximately 25 %. Numerical simulations, in accordance with the Cnossos noise model, showed that reducing the speed by 10 km/h will reduce the coefficient of exceedances by approximately 20 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral equations form an essential part of nonlinear analysis. In many situations, when seeking solutions to such equations, we utilize fixed-point theorems. Among the most well-known and useful in this regard are the theorems of Darbo and Sadovskii, which generalize the classical results of Schauder and Tikhonov. These theorems have seen many generalizations. The aim of the paper is to strengthen (by weakening the assumptions) several known Darbo- and Sadovskii-type fixed-point theorems in the so-called power version for Fréchet spaces, which are particularly useful for studying the solvability of equations defined on an unbounded interval. A theorem on the existence of solutions to a nonlinear integral equation, illustrating the application of our main result, is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider an eigenvalue problem for the Dirichlet $ (p,q) $ (p , q) -Laplacian. Using truncations and variational tools we prove a global multiplicity result producing at least two positive solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) have garnered increasing interest for their exceptional ability to retain a temporary shape and recover the original configuration through temperature changes, making them promising in various applications. The SMP shape change and recovery that happen due to a combination of mechanical loading and appropriate temperatures are related to its particular microstructure. The deformation process leads to the formation and growth of micro-cracks in the SMP structure, whereas the subsequent heating over its glass transition temperature Tg leads to the recovery of its original shape and properties. These processes also affect the SMP microstructure. In addition to the observed macroscopic shape recovery, the healing of micro-crazes and micro-cracks that have nucleated and developed during the loading occurs. Therefore, our study delves into the microscopic aspect, specifically addressing the healing of micro-cracks in the cyclic loading process. The proposed research concerns a thermoplastic polyurethane shape memory polymer (PU-SMP) MM4520 with a Tg of 45 °C. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of the number of tensile loading-unloading cycles and thermal shape recovery on the evolution of the PU-SMP microstructure. To this end, comprehensive research starting from structural characterization of the initial state and at various stages of the PU-SMP mechanical loading was conducted. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Moreover, the shape memory behavior in the thermomechanical loading program was investigated. The obtained average shape fixity value was 99%, while the shape recovery was 92%, which confirmed good shape memory properties of the PU-SMP. Our findings reveal that even during a single loading-unloading tension cycle, crazes and cracks nucleate on the surface of the PU-SMP specimen, whereas the subsequent temperature-induced shape recovery process carried out at the temperature above Tg enables the healing of micro-cracks. Interestingly, the surface of the specimen after three and five loading-unloading cycles did not exhibit crazes and cracks, although some traces of cracks were visible. The traces disappeared after exposing the material to heating at Tg + 20 °C (65 °C) for 30 min. The crack closure phenomenon during deformation, even without heating over Tg, occurred within three and five subsequent cycles of loading-unloading. Notably, in the case of eight loading-unloading cycles, cracks appeared on the surface of the PU-SMP and were healed only after thermal recovery at the particular temperature over Tg. Upon reaching a critical number of cycles, the proper amount of energy required for crack propagation was attained, resulting in wide-open cracks on the material's surface. It is worth noting that WAXS analysis did not indicate strong signs of typical highly ordered structures in the PU-SMP specimens in their initial state and after the loading history; however, some orientation after the cyclic deformation was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and is the second leading cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is a serious and growing problem worldwide, and its prevalence continues to grow; it is the 12th leading cause of death. An association between diabetes mellitus and cancer has been suggested for more than 100 years. Diabetes is a common disease diagnosed among patients with cancer, and evidence indicates that approximately 8–18% of patients with cancer have diabetes, with investigations suggesting an association between diabetes and some particular cancers, increasing the risk for developing cancers such as pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, stomach, and a few others. Breast and colorectal cancers have increased from 20% to 30% and there is a 97% increased risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or endometrial cancer. On the other hand, a number of cancers and cancer therapies increase the risk of diabetes mellitus. Complications due to diabetes in patients with cancer may influence the choice of cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of the associations between diabetes mellitus and cancer are still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize the association of diabetes mellitus with selected cancers and update the evidence on the underlying mechanisms of this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study nuclear embeddings for spaces of Morrey type, both in its sequence space version and as smoothness spaces of functions defined on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R d . This covers, in particular, the meanwhile well-known and completely answered situation for spaces of Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin type defined on bounded domains which has been considered for a long time. The complete result was obtained only recently. Compact embeddings for function spaces of Morrey type have already been studied in detail, also concerning their entropy and approximation numbers. We now prove the first and complete nuclearity result in this context. The concept of nuclearity has already been introduced by Grothendieck in 1955. Again we rely on suitable wavelet decomposition techniques and the famous Tong result (1969) which characterises nuclear diagonal operators acting between sequence spaces of ℓ r type, 1 ≤ r ≤ ∞ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li+ ion conduction in two aligned liquid crystalline electrolytes consisting of 10 mol% Li+ salt of a pro-mesogenic anion derived from [closo-1-CB11H12]− in non-ionic hosts was investigated. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the ionic conductivity in the parallel (σ‖) and perpendicular (σ⊥) directions of the electrolyte samples was determined using two types of cells: an interdigitated gold electrode and a nylon 6-coated ITO cell. The ratio of ionic conductivities σ⊥/σ‖ in the electrolyte with a nona(ethylene oxide) spacer was about 3 in the entire SmA phase, while in the shorter homologue, the ratio monotonically increases from about 0.4 to 2.9. The liquid crystalline behavior of the hosts and the electrolytes was investigated by optical, thermal, and powder XRD methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary fructose intolerance is a rare genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with mutations sometimes occurring spontaneously. Consuming fructose triggers biochemical abnormalities, disrupting liver processes like glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Recent studies have revealed elevated intrahepatic fat levels in affected individuals. Symptoms include aversion to fructose-containing foods, hypoglycemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, and growth delays, with severe cases leading to liver enlargement, fatty liver disease, kidney failure, and life-threatening hypoglycemia. In this case study, we present a 20-month-old child with symptoms including difficulty passing stool, abdominal rigidity, abdominal pain with bloating and hypoglycemia. Initial clinical findings revealed elevated liver enzymes, a mildly enlarged hyperechoic liver, hypercholesterolemia, and borderline alpha-fetoprotein values. Diagnostic assessments identified hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) with pathogenic variants in the ALDOB gene, along with a diagnosis of celiac disease. Genetic testing of the parents revealed carrier status for pathological aldolase B genes. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation and genetic testing in pediatric patients with complex metabolic presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the complex relationships between parasites and their hosts, highlighting the various life strategies and host specificity exhibited by parasites. It emphasizes the need for effective methods to detect, diagnose, and treat parasitic diseases, especially in the face of changing environmental conditions and the potential for resistance to treatment. The article suggests that molecular biology-based methods are crucial in the study of parasites, offering valuable insights into taxonomy, biodiversity, pathogen transmission, and the development of diagnostic tools and therapies. The use of molecular methods is exemplified through studies on parasites such as Blastocystis sp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma spp., which have provided new data and potential solutions for prevention and treatment. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of continued research and the integration of various specialties in order to advance our understanding of parasites and develop innovative approaches in parasitology. [Extracted from the article]

This paper is a continuation of Melenk et al., “Stability analysis for electromagnetic waveguides. Part 1: acoustic and homogeneous electromagnetic waveguides” (2023) [5], extending the stability results for homogeneous electromagnetic (EM) waveguides to the non-homogeneous case. The analysis is done using perturbation techniques for self-adjoint operators eigenproblems. We show that the non-homogeneous EM waveguide problem is well-posed with the stability constant scaling linearly with waveguide length L. The results provide a basis for proving convergence of a Discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin (DPG) discretization based on a full envelope ansatz, and the ultraweak variational formulation for the resulting modified system of Maxwell equations, see Part 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate a model of becoming—classical sequential growth (CSG)—that has been proposed within the framework of causal sets (causets), with the latter defined as order types of certain partial orderings. To investigate how causets grow, we introduce special sequences of causets, which we call “csg-paths”. We prove a number of results concerning relations between csg-paths and causets. These results paint a highly non-trivial picture of csg-paths. There are uncountably many csg-paths, all of them sharing the same beginning, after which they branch. Every infinite csg-path achieves in the limit an infinite causet, and vice versa, every infinite causet is achieved in the limit by an infinite csg-path. However, coalescing csg-paths, i.e., ones that achieve the same causet even after forking off at some point, are ubiquitous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium- and cobalt-based alloys, as well as chrome–nickel steels, are most used in dental prosthetics. Unfortunately, these alloys, especially nickel-based alloys, can cause allergic reactions. A disadvantage of these alloys is also insufficient corrosion resistance. To improve the properties of these alloys, amorphous Si (C,N) coatings were deposited on the surfaces of metal specimens. This paper characterizes coatings of silicon carbide nitrides, deposited by the magnetron sputtering method on the surface of nickel–chromium alloys used in dental prosthetics. Depending on the deposition parameters, coatings with varying carbon to nitrogen ratios were obtained. The study analyzed their structure and chemical and phase composition. In addition, a study of surface wettability and surface roughness was performed. Based on the results obtained, it was found that amorphous coatings of Si (C,N) type with thicknesses of 2 to 4.5 µm were obtained. All obtained coatings increase the value of surface free energy. The study showed that Si (C,N)-type films can be used in dental prosthetics as protective coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale (JHLES) was developed by Robert B. Shochet, Jorie M. Colbert and Scott M. Wright of the Johns hopkins university school of medicine and consists of 28 items used to evaluate perception of the academic environment. The objective was to translate and adapt the JHLES to Polish cultural conditions and to validate the Polish version of the tool. The JHLES questionnaire was completed by students of all years (first–fifth) of the faculties of dental medicine at the Medical University of Lublin and the Medical University of Gdańsk. The total surveyed population consisted of 597 students. The overall reliability of the tool was excellent. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed in order to confirm structural consistency with the original JHLES tool. Consequently, all indices had acceptable values (close to 1 or 0, depending on the case), and there was consistency in the results, which shows that the JHLES model is supported by the data. In the present study, the JHLES has been validated in a sample of dental students for the first time in Poland and Europe. Our study provided good evidence for the reliability and validity of the Polish version of the JHLES. In conclusion, the Polish-language version of the JHLES questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for analysing the learning environment for students, and its factor structure is supported by the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the verification of the hypothesis on using certain approximation curves in the evaluation of used lubricating oil. These curves are plotted for fresh lubricating oil to approximate the parameters of lubricating oil diluted with diesel oil. To confirm the hypothesis, an experiment is conducted to determine the flash point, initial boiling point, density at 15 °C, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C, and viscosity index. The analysis covers fresh oil and used SAE 30 grade Marinol CB-30 RG1230 oil taken from the circulating lubrication system of a supercharged, trunk-piston, 4-stroke ZUT Zgoda Sulzer 5 BAH 22 engine that is located in the Marine Power Plant Laboratory of the Maritime University of Szczecin. Undiluted lubricating oils (both fresh and used) and mixtures of lubricating oils with diesel oil are examined for diesel oil concentrations in the mixture equal to 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20% m/m. Orlen Efecta Diesel Biodiesel is used to prepare the mixtures. The functions approximating the parameters for fresh oil are determined and adapted to describe the variation of the same parameters for the used lubricating oil. For each case, the coefficient of determination, the maximum relative error of the model fitting to the experimental results, and the root mean square error (RMSE) are determined. In the experiment, the variation in the parameters of the used lubricating oil remained the same as for fresh oil parameters. Thus, the research hypothesis is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grating (moiré) interferometry is one of the well-known methods for full-field in-plane displacement and strain measurement. There are many design solutions for grating interferometers, including systems with a microinterferometric waveguide head. This article proposes a modification to the conventional waveguide interferometer head, enabling the implementation of a polarization fringe phase shift for automatic fringe pattern analysis. This article presents both the theoretical considerations associated with the proposed solution and its experimental verification, along with the concept of in-plane displacement/strain sensing using the described head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is scarce evidence regarding redistribution policies implemented by right‐wing populist parties forming majority governments. We contribute to this literature by measuring the effects of sweeping reforms of the tax and benefit system carried out by the populist party PiS governing Poland since 2015. The reforms included a generous, unconditional, and universal child benefit. Using micro‐simulation‐based decompositions of relative poverty, we separate poverty changes due to the populists' policies (policy effects) from observed poverty changes. We found that populists' reforms from 2015 to 2019 had large poverty‐reducing effects: total poverty was brought down by more than 2 percentage points, while child poverty by about 6.5 points. However, the policy effects account 'only' for about half of overall poverty declines over this period. On the other hand, they are much bigger than those obtained previously by a coalition of mainstream parties (2007–2011) or a coalition of populist ones (2005–2007). Since 2015, the populists' reforms targeted social groups that were neglected or inadequately addressed by anti‐poverty policies by past governments. Our results suggest that, at least in conservative and ethnically homogeneous societies, right‐wing populist majoritarian governments are capable of carrying out large‐scale redistribution projects that lead to sizeable poverty reductions and include non‐chauvinist, universal cash transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the (p (z) , q) -Laplacian and with a logistic reaction of the equidiffusive type. Under a nonlinearity condition on a quotient map, we show existence and uniqueness of positive solutions and the result is global in parameter λ. If the monotonicity condition on the quotient map is not true, we can no longer guarantee uniqueness, but we can show the existence of a minimal solution u λ * and establish the monotonicity of the map λ ⟼ u λ * and its asymptotic behaviour as the parameter λ decreases to the critical value λ ^ 1 (q) > 0 (the principal eigenvalue of (− Δ q , W 0 1 , q (Ω)) ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Illustration. Abbreviation: RSV – Respiratory Syncytial Virus. [Display omitted] • Simultaneous vaccination against RSV and Influenza virus among high-risk heart failure patients is safe. • Only small percentage of patients experienced reactions severe enough to prevent daily activities. • Simultaneous vaccination reduces patients contact with healthcare. The safety of simultaneous vaccination for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza in vulnerable high-risk heart failure (HF) patients remains unclear. In an open-label, prospective study, 105 patients received concurrent influenza (Vaxigrip Tetra, season 2023/2024, Sanofi) and RSV (Arexvy, GSK) vaccinations from September 15th to November 17th, 2023. Adverse events were collected on the fourth-day post-vaccination. Overall, the vaccination was well tolerated, with the most common reaction being injection site pain (63 %). General symptoms occurred in 33 % of patients, predominantly fatigue (23 %), myalgia (12 %), and headache (9 %). Grade 3 reactions were observed in 6 % of patients, and a few experienced temperature elevation or flu-like symptoms, managing them with antipyretics. Notably, there were no exacerbations of HF, hospitalizations, or deaths within a week post-vaccination. This study indicates the safety of simultaneous influenza and RSV vaccination in high-risk HF patients, with a low incidence of mild adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, making the development of non-invasive and simple-to-use tools that bring insights into the state of the cardiovascular system of utmost importance. We investigated the possibility of using peripheral pulse wave recordings to estimate stroke volume (SV) and subject-specific parameters describing the selected properties of the cardiovascular system. Peripheral pressure waveforms were recorded in the radial artery using applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor) in 35 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 14 healthy subjects. The pressure waveforms were then used to estimate subject-specific parameters of a mathematical model of pulse wave propagation coupled with the elastance-based model of the left ventricle. Bioimpedance cardiography measurements (PhysioFlow) were performed to validate the model-estimated SV. Mean absolute percentage error between the simulated and measured pressure waveforms was 4.0% and 2.8% for the HD and control group, respectively. We obtained a moderate correlation between the model-estimated and bioimpedance-based SV (r = 0.57, p<0.05, and r = 0.58, p<0.001, for the control group and HD patients, respectively). We also observed a correlation between the estimated end-systolic elastance of the left ventricle and the peripheral systolic pressure in both HD patients (r = 0.84, p<0.001) and the control group (r = 0.70, p<0.01). These preliminary results suggest that, after additional validation and possibly further refinement to increase accuracy, the proposed methodology could support non-invasive assessment of stroke volume and selected heart function parameters and vascular properties. Importantly, the proposed method could be potentially implemented in the existing devices measuring peripheral pressure waveforms. Author summary: With a growing number of people suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), it is extremely important to develop non-invasive methods that could quickly and comprehensively assess the condition of the cardiovascular system. Hemodialysis (HD) patients are particularly prone to CVD, but studies aimed at developing new techniques for non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular parameters are typically based on healthy subjects. We set out to investigate the possibility of using peripheral pressure waveforms to estimate stroke volume (SV) and selected parameters of the cardiovascular system in both healthy subjects and HD patients. To that aim, we developed a mathematical model of pulse wave propagation coupled with an elastance-based model of the left-ventricular function. The validity of the model has been assessed using bioimpedance-based SV estimates from both healthy subjects and HD patients. We believe that the proposed model-based procedure, subject to further validation and improvements, could serve as an auxiliary tool for evaluating SV. In addition, it enables estimation of selected cardiovascular parameters, some of which, as we have shown, appear to be related to known pulse wave-derived parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural production, including animal husbandry, is associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which have a negative impact on the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine methane and nitrous oxide emissions at the level of individual farms and to identify differences in emissions by type of production. Analyses were conducted using data from the FADN agricultural accounting system, covering the farms in Poland engaged in dairy production and the breeding of other grazing livestock for the period from 2012 to 2021. The relationships and trends of the indicators during the study period were also analyzed. The statistical analysis confirmed the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and economic performance. In the case of dairy farms, the emissions averaged 137.09 kg·ha−1 of methane and 94.05 kg·ha−1 of nitrous oxide, which were found to increase as the net-added value and farm income increased. The results of the presented research highlight the existence of a link between economic goals and GHG emissions, which is an important contribution to the development of mitigation strategies in livestock production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this research is the development of epoxy composites with a defined service life for the purpose of seat elements in rail vehicles, which will be more environmentally friendly. The produced materials based on epoxy resin filled with PLA or PLA and quercetin were subjected to solar aging tests for 800 h to investigate the impact of the additives used on the aging behavior of the epoxy matrix. Firstly, the TGA analysis showed that the use of the proposed additives allowed for the maintenance of the thermal stability of the epoxy resin. Moreover, based on an optical microscopy test, it was noticed that the introduction of PLA and PLA with quercetin did not contribute to an increase in matrix defects. The one-directional tensile tests carried out before and after solar aging showed that the presence of polylactide in epoxy composites causes a slight growth of the stiffness and strength. Based on contact angle and color change measurements, it was found that quercetin was oxidized, thus ensuring protection for the epoxy matrix. This phenomenon was confirmed by FTIR study, where the carbonyl index (CI) value for the R-PLA-Q composite was lower than for the reference sample. The obtained composite structures may be a good alternative to traditionally used systems as seat elements in rail vehicles, which are not only characterized by high aging resistance but are also more eco-friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an attempt to use data obtained from sodar (sound detection and ranging) for short-term forecasting of PM 10 concentration levels in Krakow. Krakow is one of the most polluted cities in central Europe (CE) in terms of PM 10 concentration. This is due to the high municipal emissions. Thanks to intensive corrective actions taken by the city authorities, these are being effectively eliminated, but the unfavourable topographic location of the city limits natural ventilation. The article describes all these conditions, focusing on presenting the method of short-term correction of air quality for the time needed to take quick corrective actions by the city authorities in the event of anticipated exceedances of the permissible values. Based on several years of measurements of the physical properties of the atmosphere with sodar, the authors of the paper suggest that sodar data could be considered for operational use to generate short-term predictions. The proposed method is based on the use of the spectrum, i.e. the set of amplitudes of signals returning to the sodar receiver from the reflection of a single-frequency sound transmission and its characteristic properties depending on the physical state of the atmosphere. Similar spectra were parameterised with a single numerical value using statistical methods. It was found that, in some cases preceding high concentrations of PM 10 , the spectral parameters had similar values. This made it possible to develop a forecasting method for such concentrations by using data mining to search for conditions in historical data closest to the state of the atmosphere at the time of forecasting. In this part of the study, data from 2017–2018 were used. In the next step, three methods of using the sodar data developed for PM 10 prediction were proposed, comparing them with the method without sodar use. The study results were tested on independent material using data concerning the episodes of high concentrations of pollutants from October 2021 to March 2022 in Krakow. The findings were considered to be encouraging, also taking into account the speed and low cost of preparing the forecast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the diagnostics of multicopter UAV propulsion system, in which the temporary transient states occur during operation in faulty conditions (eg. not all motor phases working properly). As a diagnostic sensor, the piezo strip has been used, which is very sensitive to any vibrations of the multi-rotor frame. The paper concerns the precise location of the sensor for more effective monitoring of the propulsion system state. For this purpose, a nonlinear analysis of the vibration times series was carefully presented. The obtained non-linear time series were studied with the recurrence analysis in short time windows, which were sensitive to changes in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle motor speeds. The tests were carried out with different percentage of the pulse width modulation signal used for the operation of the brushless motor and for different locations of the piezosensor (side and top planes of the multicopter arm). In the article, it was shown that the side location of the piezosensor is more sensitive to changes in the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle propulsion system, which was studied with the Principal Component Analysis method applied for four main recurrence quantifications. The research presented proves the possibility of using nonlinear recurrence analysis for propulsion system diagnostics and helps to determine the optimal sensor location for more effective health monitoring of multicopter motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selection of the proper underground hydrogen storage (UHS) site is an essential issue for zero-emission systems based on renewables. The article presents the method for assessing storage traps in saline aquifers and the ranking of storage traps in saline aquifers from the Polish Lowlands for UHS. The ranking was based on the multi-criteria approach of the hierarchical analysis of the decision-making process. The best UHS site was determined based on geological and reservoir criteria. The criteria weights were evaluated using two methods for comparative purposes. The parameters of individual storage traps came from the database developed in the Hystories project. The highest positions in the ranking were obtained by storage traps characterized by the best sealing parameters of caprock, lack of faults within the traps, and good permeability of the reservoir layers. The presented ranking approach can support the decision-making process for selecting UHS sites in other countries. • Multi-criteria decision analysis was used to develop the ranking of storage traps. • The method was applied for pre-selection of UHS sites in deep aquifers in Poland. • The workflow was developed for the ranking of storage traps in deep aquifers. • The role of criteria weights in the ranking of storage traps was presented. • The method can be used for pre-selection of storage traps in aquifers worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability, necessitating adjustments in tax and benefit policies. However, the eventual outcome of these modifications remains uncertain. To evaluate possible changes, we conducted a comparative analysis of current instruments in CEE countries vis-a-vis Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. Our research discovered that tax and benefit systems in both CEE and Scandinavian countries are built on the same foundational principles, yet differ significantly in their specific solutions and approaches. Notably, benefits systems in CEE countries are considerably more intricate and inclined toward means-tested benefits and specialized instruments dedicated solely to individuals with disabilities. We posit that changes arising from the convention's implementation will streamline the benefits system, incorporating more generalized instruments with disability added as supplementary eligibility conditions or income parameters. The velocity of this transformation will be influenced by the pace of economic growth, as evidenced by the strong positive correlation between disability expenditure's proportion in gross domestic product and the European Union countries' level of economic development. JEL classification D61, H51, O52 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the weed species Echinochloa crus-galli, commonly known as barnyardgrass, which is a persistent threat to crop yield and quality, especially in maize (Zea mays) cultivation. It is one of the most problematic weeds in agricultural fields due to its aggressive growth, adaptability to different environmental conditions and prolific seed production. The incidence of Echinochloa crus-galli in maize fields has increased in recent years. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and behavior of Echinochloa crus-galli, and to suggest effective measures to control it. This research on sweetcorn was conducted from 1992 to 2019 at the Research and Education Center Gorzyń, Złotniki branch, which belongs to the Poznań University of Life Sciences. The evaluation of weed infestation was carried out in experiments focusing on chemical weed control in maize. The experiments were designed as a one-factor randomised block design with four field replications. The condition and the degree of weed infestation (number of weeds and fresh weight of weeds) in the control plots was assessed on an annual basis at the end of June and in July. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamic changes in the status and extent of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) infestation in maize grown after various other crops in the Wielkopolska region, with a focus on the weather conditions. The study found that barnyardgrass was most likely to occur when maize was sown after winter wheat in a dry and warm year, and least likely when maize was grown in rotation after winter wheat in a cold year with average rainfall. The proportion of barnyardgrass weed mass in the total weed mass was significantly lower after winter rye than after winter wheat, winter oilseed rape and winter triticale. Further research into the biology and ecology of barnyardgrass is key to effectively controlling this weed and safeguarding sweetcorn yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy resin compositions are used in modern railways, replacing other materials. However, epoxy composites in public transport are subject to many requirements, including that they should be flame retardant and resistant to weather conditions. The aim of the research was to analyse the resistance to solar ageing of epoxy resin composites containing flame retardants and the addition of the natural stabilising substance—quercetin. The homogeneity of the samples (optical microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy) and their thermal stability (TGA thermogravimetry) were analysed. The T5 temperature, which is the initial temperature of thermal decomposition of the samples, was 7 °C higher for the epoxy resin containing quercetin, so the material with polyphenol was characterised by better thermal resistance. Changes in material properties (hardness, surface energy, carbonyl index, colour) after 800 h solar ageing were investigated. The tensile tests on materials were executed for three different directions before and after ageing effect. The samples showed good resistance to degradation factors, i.e., they retained the functional properties (hardness and mechanical properties). However, analysis of carbonyl indices and surface energies showed that changes appeared in the composites after solar ageing, suggesting the beginning of material degradation. An approximately 3-fold increase in the polar component in epoxy resin compositions (from approximately 3 mN/m to approximately 11 mN/m) is associated with an increase in their hydrophilicity and the progress of ageing of the materials' surface. The obtained results are an introduction to further research on the long-term degradation processes of epoxy resins with plant stabilisers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The div-curl system arises in many fields including electromagnetism and fluid dynamics. We are particularly interested in the div-curl problem in 2D multiply-connected domains, as a simplified model of flow around airfoils. In such domains, well-posedness of the problem depends on the prescription of additional line integrals (circulation), apart from standard boundary conditions. We apply the DPG method to the ultraweak formulation of the problem and impose the circulation condition in a constrained minimization framework, which results in a mixed problem. We prove the discrete stability with Brezzi's theory and demonstrate convergence with numerical experiments in a toroidal domain. We also perform h -adaptive refinements based on the DPG a posteriori error estimator, and obtain much faster convergence rate in the presence of singularity. The method is lastly applied to simulate the non-lifting flow around a NACA 0012 airfoil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Currently, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent oncological diagnoses worldwide. Despite intensive research into its pathogenesis and clinical course, numerous issues remain unresolved. In the presented meta-analysis and systematic review, we investigate the potential of blood platelet levels in patients with HCC for prognostic assessment. Blood platelets may play a significant role as an easily measurable laboratory parameter in assessing the prognosis of patients with HCC. Background: Platelets (PLT) have a role in the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and could represent a readily measurable laboratory parameter to enhance the comprehensive evaluation of HCC patients. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched with a focus on survival as well as patient and tumor-specific characteristics in correlation to reported PLT counts. Survival outcomes were analyzed with both common-effect and random-effects models. The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) from analyzed trials were incorporated. Studies that did not provide survival data but focused on platelet count correlation with HCC characteristics were reviewed. Results: In total, 26 studies, including a total of 9403 patients, met our criteria. The results showed that thrombocytopenia in HCC patients was associated with poor overall survival (common-effect HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.25; random-effect HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05–1.63). Moreover, three studies reveal significant correlations between PLT indices and tumor characteristics such as size, foci number, and etiology of HCC development. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis confirmed that PLT count could act as a prognostic marker in HCC, especially with a PLT count cut off <100 × 103/mm3. Further prospective studies focusing on the role of PLT in clearly defined subgroups are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to generalize several known Darbo- and Sadovskii-type fixed point theorems. These generalizations weaken the assumptions used so far. In addition, an example of an application is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the microstructures, residual stress and mechanical properties of double carbides cermet coatings manufactured on AZ31 magnesium alloy substrate by high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF). The HVOF spraying was carried out using a JP 5000 TAFA spray system and the commercially available powder WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni was used to manufacture coatings. The variable process parameter was spray distance (320, 360 and 400 mm). The top surfaces of the manufactured coatings are typical for HVOF coatings and is relatively smooth. Nevertheless, some irregularities and voids are observed. All coatings exhibit dense structure with relatively low porosity level (below 3 vol. %) as well as a robust mechanical binding to the substrate which indicates high adhesion. More deep microstructure analysis carried out by TEM microscopy revealed two types of precipitation: WC hexagonal phase in the space group P-6m2 with irregular shape and size as well as Cr7C3 orthorhombic one, in the space group P nma with a rounded shape and regular size. Phase composition after the spraying process indicates the hexagonal WC phase as the main one. Additionally, two chromium carbides phases, Cr3C2 and Cr3C7 have been identified. A small peak of hexagonal W2C carbide was found as well. Analysis of residual stress showed that both components of linear stress for all deposited coatings have a compressive nature. The increasing spray distance caused an increase of the linear stress values, from – 72.7 up to – 131.5 MPa for δ11 and from – 57.2 up to – 112.2 MPa for δ22. Such values could suggest that thermal stress generated during coating deposition was also low. In the case of the shear stress the values are much lower than linear one, but with the same tendency, increasing with longer spray distance: 14.2, 21.0 and 32.2 MPa for 320, 360 and 400 mm, respectively. The obtained results of HIT show a slight influence on the spray distance. With the increasing spraying distance, the value of hardness decreasing: 12.96, 12.53 and 11.76 GPa according to SD equal to 320, 360 and 400 mm, respectively. Similar was in the case of the EIT values: 315, 309 and 304 GPa for 320, 360 and 400 mm, respectively. All values of the fracture toughness were in the range between 3.5 and 4.0 MPa m1/2, with little influece of the spray distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]