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• Characterization of opinion dynamics during agents switching between different social networks. • Determination of consensus condition and weight property in such opinion dynamics that agents switch between different social networks. • Seed selection of targeted marketing in switching social networks. • Design of targeted marketing strategy for networks of agents with switching topology under competition. The boom of social network platforms has greatly enriched people's platform choices for social interactions, which may cause people to switch frequently in different social networks to chase hot points. Meanwhile, as an advertisement integrator, the social network platform enables firms to implement targeted marketing campaigns to steer people's opinions in their own favor. Identifying the seed set and devising targeted marketing strategies emerge as the key points for firms' success. To tackle such a problem, we develop a game-theoretical framework for targeting marketing resources to network agents with switching topology based on their competitive opinion dynamics. In the framework, the dynamics of agents' opinions are driven by not only the targeted marketing behaviors of competing firms but also the social interactions of agents with switching topology. With capturing these features, we determine the consensus condition and weight property in such dynamics. On this basis, the optimal targeted marketing strategies are derived that firms only need to invest the overlapped opinion leaders of switching networks. And specifically, such a leader with more weight in consensus will gain more marketing resources from firms. Besides that, we further carry out comparative static analysis of relevant factors and discuss the equilibrium strategies with no consensus. Finally, two examples are presented to illustrate our theoretical results. In spite of the mathematical characterization, our paper additionally provides some insights into marketing management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in information technology and the boom in social media provide firms with easy access to the data of consumers' preferences and their social interactions. To characterize marketing resource allocation in networks, this paper develops a game theoretical model that allows for each firm's own utility, action strategies of other firms and the inner state (self-belief and opinions) of consumers. In this model, firms can sway consumers' opinions by spending marketing resources among consumers under budget and cost constraints. Each firm competes for the collective preference of consumers in a social network to maximize its utility. We derived the equilibrium strategies theoretically in a connected network and a dispersed network from the constructed model. These reveal that firms should allocate more marketing resources to some of consumers depending on their initial opinions, self-belief and positions in a network. We found that some structures of consumer networks may have an innate dominance for one firm, which can be retained in equilibrium results. This means that network structure can be as a tool for firms to improve their utilities. Furthermore, the sensitivities of budget and cost to the equilibria were analyzed. These results can provide some reference for resource allocation strategies in marketing competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Reliable and objective data regarding building stock is essential for predicting and analyzing energy demand and carbon emission. However, China's building stock data is lacking. This study proposes a set of China building floor space estimation method (CBFSM) based on the improved building stock turnover model. Then it measures China's building stocks by vintage and type from 2000 to 2015, as well as building energy intensity (national level and provincial level) and energy-efficient buildings. Results showed that total building stocks increased significantly, rising from 35.2 billion m2 in 2000 to 63.6 billion m2 in 2015, with the average growth rate 4.0%. The deviations were well below 10% by comparing with China Population Census , which validated the reliability of CBFSM and the results. As for energy intensity, urban dwellings and rural dwellings showed relatively stable and increasing trend respectively. The commercial building energy intensity saw a downward trend during "12th Five Year Plan" period. This indicated the effectiveness of building energy efficiency work for commercial buildings since 2005.38.6 billion m2 residential dwellings and 5.7 billion m2 commercial buildings still need to be retrofitted in future. CBFSM can overcome shortages in previous studies. It can also provide Chinese government with technical support and data evidence to promote the building energy efficiency work. Graphical abstract The building stock in China's different provinces and climate zones in 2015. Image Highlights • Proposed a China building floor space estimation method (CBFSM) based on improved building stock turnover model. • Estimated China's building stocks by type and vintage from 2000 to 2015 using CBFSM. • Calculated the building energy intensity at the national level and provincial level. • Estimated the size of the energy efficient buildings in China. • Validated the results of study by comparing with the data from China Population Census; the deviations are well below 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]