61 results on '"Lamont, Ronald F."'
Search Results
2. Antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis to prevent preterm delivery: Systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis.
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Klebanoff, Mark A., Schuit, Ewoud, Lamont, Ronald F., Larsson, Per‐Göran, Odendaal, Hein J., Ugwumadu, Austin, Kiss, Herbert, Petricevic, Ljubomir, Andrews, William W., Hoffman, Matthew K., Shennan, Andrew, Seed, Paul T., Goldenberg, Robert L., Emel, Lynda M., Bhandaru, Vinay, Weiner, Steven, and Larsen, Michael D.
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BACTERIAL vaginitis , *PREMATURE labor , *CLINDAMYCIN , *RANDOM effects model , *DRUG efficacy , *ANTIBIOTICS , *MULTIPLE imputation (Statistics) , *ANTIBIOTIC residues - Abstract
Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) increases preterm delivery (PTD) risk, but treatment trials showed mixed results in preventing PTD. Objectives: Determine, using individual participant data (IPD), whether BV treatment during pregnancy reduced PTD or prolonged time‐to‐delivery. Data Sources: Cochrane Systematic Review (2013), MEDLINE, EMBASE, journal searches, and searches (January 2013–September 2022) ("bacterial vaginosis AND pregnancy") of (i) clinicaltrials.gov; (ii) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; (iii) World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Portal; and (iv) Web of Science ("bacterial vaginosis"). Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies randomising asymptomatic pregnant individuals with BV to antibiotics or control, measuring delivery gestation. Extraction was from original data files. Bias risk was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Analysis used "one‐step" logistic and Cox random effect models, adjusting gestation at randomisation and PTD history; heterogeneity by I2. Subgroup analysis tested interactions with treatment. In sensitivity analyses, studies not providing IPD were incorporated by "multiple random‐donor hot‐deck" imputation, using IPD studies as donors. Results: There were 121 references (96 studies) with 23 eligible trials (11,979 participants); 13 studies (6915 participants) provided IPD; 12 (6115) were incorporated. Results from 9 (4887 participants) not providing IPD were imputed. Odds ratios for PTD for metronidazole and clindamycin versus placebo were 1.00 (95% CI 0.84, 1.17), I2 = 62%, and 0.59 (95% CI 0.42, 0.82), I2 = 0 before; and 0.95 (95% CI 0.81, 1.11), I2 = 59%, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.12), I2 = 0, after imputation. Time‐to‐delivery did not differ from null with either treatment. Including imputed IPD, there was no evidence that either drug was more effective when administered earlier, or among those with a PTD history. Conclusions: Clindamycin, but not metronidazole, was beneficial in studies providing IPD, but after imputing data from missing IPD studies, treatment of BV during pregnancy did not reduce PTD, nor prolong pregnancy, in any subgroup or when started earlier in gestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis as genetic and environmental markers for the risk of spontaneous preterm labor and preterm birth.
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Sanu, Olaleye and Lamont, Ronald F.
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PERIODONTAL disease , *BACTERIAL vaginitis , *GENETIC markers , *RISK factors in premature labor , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *FUSOBACTERIUM , *BACTEROIDES - Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to review the evidence associating periodontal disease, and bacterial vaginosis with preterm birth, and the link with gene polymorphism, as well as the preventions and interventions which might reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm labor and preterm births in women with periodontal disease and/or bacterial vaginosis. Background. Preterm birth accounts for 70%% of perinatal mortality, nearly 50%% of long term neurological morbidity, and a significant impact on health care costs. There is evidence that spontaneous preterm labor and preterm birth are associated with intrauterine infection due to abnormal genital and/or oral colonization. Periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis share microbiological similarities, and both conditions are associated with spontaneous preterm labor and preterm birth. In addition, periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis have been linked through gene polymorphism. Methods. A review of the literature using widely accepted scientific search engines in English language. Results. Studies evaluating antibiotic administration to eradicate periodontal disease and/or bacterial vaginosis responsible organisms, and minimize the risk of preterm births have yielded conflicting results. With respect to bacterial vaginosis, the timing and the choice of antibiotic administration might partly explain the conflicting results. The use of scaling and/or root planning for women with periodontal disease appears to reduce the risk of preterm birth, but routine administration of antibiotics has not demonstrated any impact on preterm birth. Conclusion. Prospective studies evaluating the association of gene polymorphism with preterm birth, and the contribution of periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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4. Varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox) infection in pregnancy.
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Lamont, Ronald F., Sobel, Jack D., Carrington, D., Mazaki-Tovi, Shali, Kusanovic, Juan Pedro, Vaisbuch, Edi, and Romero, Roberto
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CHICKENPOX , *PREGNANCY complications , *VARICELLA-zoster virus , *NEONATAL infections , *PREGNANT women - Abstract
Please cite this paper as: Lamont R, Sobel J, Carrington D, Mazaki-Tovi S, Kusanovic J, Vaisbuch E, Romero R. Varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox) infection in pregnancy. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02983.x. Congenital varicella syndrome, maternal varicella-zoster virus pneumonia and neonatal varicella infection are associated with serious fetomaternal morbidity and, not infrequently, mortality. Vaccination against varicella-zoster virus can prevent the disease, and outbreak control limits the exposure of pregnant women to the infectious agent. Maternal varicella-zoster immunoglobulin administration before rash development, with or without antiviral medication, can modify the progression of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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5. Evidence regarding an effect of marine n-3 fatty acids on preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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SALVIG, JANNIE DALBY and LAMONT, RONALD F.
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FISH oils , *OMEGA-3 fatty acids , *PREMATURE infants , *PREMATURE labor , *BIRTH weight - Abstract
Background. Preterm delivery remains a substantial healthcare problem, complicating 5-10% of pregnancies, and is the major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Few effective methods to prevent preterm delivery have been identified to date. Objective. To review systematically the evidence from randomized controlled trials with respect to the hypothesis that increased consumption of marine n-3 fatty acids in pregnancy can prevent preterm birth. Setting. Electronic searches of the following databases were performed: PubMed (1995-2009), SCOPUS including EMBASE (1995-2009), and Cochrane Library. A combination of key words and text words related to fish oil, marine n-3 fatty acids, fish consumption, preterm birth, preterm delivery, prematurity, pregnancy duration, gestational age, parturition, delivery and pregnancy were used. Methods. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of relevance was conducted. Three trials were included, comprising 921 women for whom data on gestational age and 1 187 women for whom data on birthweight were available. Results. Overall, 46 (8.9%) of 516 women who received n-3 fatty acids gave birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation, compared with 66 (16.3%) of 405 in the control group [relative risk 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40-0.93; p<0.05]. Data on delivery before 34 completed weeks showed the same trend (relative risk 0.32; 95% CI 0.09-0.95). Overall, the mean birthweight was 71g higher in women who received n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy (95% CI 4.73-138.12; p<0.05). The rate of low birthweight was not statistically significantly different between the intervention and the control groups. The mean gestational age at delivery was significantly higher by 4.5days in the intervention group supplemented with n-3 fatty acids compared with placebo (95% CI 2.3-6.8; p<0.05). Conclusions. Marine n-3 fatty acids administered in pregnancy reduce the rate of preterm birth and increase birthweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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6. Listeriosis in human pregnancy: a systematic review.
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Lamont, Ronald F., Sobel, Jack, Mazaki-Tovi, Shali, Kusanovic, Juan Pedro, Vaisbuch, Edi, Kim, Sun Kwon, Uldbjerg, Niels, and Romero, Roberto
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ANTIBIOTICS , *CINAHL database , *FOOD contamination , *HOST-bacteria relationships , *MEDICAL databases , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDLINE , *LISTERIOSIS , *ONLINE information services , *PATIENT education , *RESEARCH funding , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) , *HEALTH literacy , *SYMPTOMS , *PREVENTION , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared foods and listeriosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preventative measures are well prescribed and monitoring and voluntary recall of contaminated products has resulted in a 44% reduction in the prevalence of perinatal listeriosis in the USA. Pregnant women are at high risk for listeriosis, but symptoms are non-specific and diagnosis is difficult. The intracellular life-cycle of Listeria protects the bacterium from host innate and adaptive immune responses. Antibiotic treatment requires agents able to penetrate, distribute, and remain stable within host cells. Prolonged use of high-dose ampicillin can significantly improve neonatal outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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7. Re: Universal screening versus risk-based protocols for antibiotic prophylaxis during childbirth to prevent early-onset group B streptococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Lamont, Ronald F, Jørgensen, Jan Stener, and Vinter, Christina A
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STREPTOCOCCAL diseases , *ANTIBIOTIC prophylaxis , *CHILDBIRTH , *META-analysis , *PREGNANT women , *CHORIOAMNIONITIS , *DRUG resistance in bacteria , *STREPTOCOCCUS , *DELIVERY (Obstetrics) , *LABOR (Obstetrics) - Abstract
I Sir, i We commend the study by Hasperhoven et al.,1 which demonstrates a lower incidence of early-onset group B streptococcal (GBS) disease (EOGBSD) using screening-based, compared with risk-based protocols, albeit that the usage of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) under both policies was similar. Group B streptococcal immunisation of pregnant women for the prevention of early and late onset group B streptococcal infection of the neonate as well as adult disease. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2020
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8. The efficacy of vaginal clindamycin for the treatment of abnormal genital tract flora in pregnancy.
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Lamont, Ronald F., Jones, Brian M., Mandal, Debashis, Hay, Philip E., and Sheehan, Marie
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CLINDAMYCIN , *ANTIBACTERIAL agents , *PREGNANCY , *GENITALIA , *PLACEBOS , *PREGNANT women - Abstract
Objective: To assess the efficacy of 2% clindamycin vaginal cream (CVC) to treat bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnancy. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, tricenter study. Four hundred and four women with BV on Gram stain at their first antenatal clinic visit were randomized to receive a 3-day course of 2% CVC or placebo. The outcome was assessed using an intention to treat analysis at 3 weeks and 6 weeks post-treatment according to three different diagnostic methods based on five criteria (Gram stain and all four elements of clinical composite criteria: vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal pH, clue cells, amine odor), three criteria (vaginal pH, clue cells, amine odor) or two criteria (clue cells and amine odor) to reflect stringency of diagnosis, historical precedence and government agency recommendations respectively. Results: Using five diagnostic criteria, 18% of CVC patients were cured and 70.8% either cured and/or improved compared to 1.6% and 12% of placebo patients respectively (p < 0.0001). Using three diagnostic criteria, 44.8% of CVC patients were cured and 77.3% were either cured and/or improved compared to 9.3% and 28.8% of placebo patients respectively (p < 0.0001). Using two diagnostic criteria, 75.0% of CVC patients were cured compared to 18.0% of placebo patients (p < 0.0001). Recurrence rates in those CVC patients successfully treated were approximately 6% at 6 weeks post baseline and 10% at 28 to 34 weeks gestation. Conclusions: A 3-day course of CVC appears to be well tolerated by the mother and statistically significantly more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of BV during the second trimester of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2003
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9. Looking to the future
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Lamont, Ronald F.
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PREGNANCY , *OBSTETRICS , *PREECLAMPSIA , *CYTOKINES , *PREMATURE labor - Abstract
Since the 7th and 13th Study Groups of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists met in 1977 and 1985, respectively, no meeting of this magnitude has convened to discuss the problems of spontaneous preterm labour and delivery and the associated fetomaternal mortality and morbidity. In the 17 years or so since that time, advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of labour, the role of infection, the benefit of antepartum corticosteroids and the development of safer more specific tocolytics. In the future, an understanding of the genetic risk of spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth is essential, particularly with respect to the predisposition to produce potentially damaging pro-inflammatory cytokines. The examination of the tissue damage will require pathologists specifically trained in perinatal pathology if the aetiology is to be ascertained and future management tailored to the risks. A greater understanding of fetomaternal immunology and response to antigen exposure in pregnancy may help us to understand which fetomaternal pairs are at greatest risk of responding by delivering preterm, with greater or lesser tissue damage than others with similar risk. Specifically, the relation between spontaneous preterm labour and proteinuric pre-eclampsia with their common immunology, inflammatory response and tissue damage leading to either spontaneous preterm labour or iatrogenic preterm birth will need to be addressed. This meeting has been very clinically and obstetrically orientated, in future we will need to involve epidemiologists, neonatologists, microbiologists, genito-urinary medicine physicians, immunologists, geneticists, biochemists, physiologists and endocrinologists. Although spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth are the major causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity in the developed world, the definition and management protocols for spontaneous preterm labour varies from unit to unit and country to country. A process has already begun, hopefully fuelled by this meeting and those attending, to develop an international consensus on definitions and evidence-based practical guidelines on the management of spontaneous preterm labour. Perhaps in the longer term it may be possible to influence standards of care, outcome measures and training across international boundaries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2003
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10. The development and introduction of anti-oxytocic tocolytics
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Lamont, Ronald F.
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DRUG side effects , *PLACEBOS , *PREGNANCY , *OXYTOCIN , *MOTHERS - Abstract
The perfect tocolytic agent, which is completely safe for both the mother and fetus and, which will inhibit uterine contractions and stop preterm labour in every case does not exist and the search continues. Recently, research into a new group of tocolytic agents (the oxytocic antagonists) has led to the introduction of a new licensed drug, atosiban. Since the early 1950s, modifications of the oxytocin molecule have resulted in many analogues and antagonists, though initially none emerged as potentially useful drugs. Further modifications resulted in full uterotonic antagonism in animal models before an analogue was found that inhibited vasopressin-stimulated uterine contractions in non-pregnant healthy women. In vitro and animal models suggested the molecule was fully antagonistic, although it was found to be only partially agonistic in women. Further developments led to two modified oxytocin molecules with higher receptor affinity for human myometrium, both of which lacked agonism in humans. The analogue, atosiban, was found to be more potent and so was chosen for clinical evaluation in dysmenorrhoea and preterm labour. The first clinical reports were open label, observational pilot studies. Randomised, double-blind, phase II placebo-controlled studies followed showing that atosiban was significantly more effective than placebo with very few side effects. Dose-response studies and phase III studies in which study or placebo groups could use alternative tocolytic agents also suggested that atosiban was an effective tocolytic agent with very few adverse events. The recent worldwide comparative study of atosiban versus different beta-agonists represents the largest and most strictly controlled study of tocolytics ever published. Atosiban was found to be at least as effective as the beta-agonists as a tocolytic agent, but significantly less likely to result in maternal cardiovascular side effects or the need to discontinue therapy as a result of unacceptable side effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2003
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11. Infection in the prediction and antibiotics in the prevention of spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth
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Lamont, Ronald F.
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PREMATURE labor , *PREGNANCY , *CHILDBIRTH , *ANTIBIOTICS , *LABOR complications (Obstetrics) - Abstract
The association between infection and spontaneous preterm labour is now well established and thought to be responsible for preterm birth in up to 40% of cases. Preterm labour that is due to infection is refractory to the use of tocolytic agents. So the knowledge that infection may be the cause is unhelpful once a woman is admitted in spontaneous preterm labour, since by that time there may be irreversible changes in the uterine cervix, which renders futile those attempts to inhibit the process. It would be much more logical to use the association between infection and spontaneous preterm labour to identify a group of women at risk and to intervene using antibiotic prophylaxis. It is important to record, that the earlier in gestation at which abnormal genital tract colonisation is detected, the greater is the risk of an adverse outcome. For example, abnormal genital tract flora at 26–32 weeks gestation is associated with preterm birth with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.4 to 2, whereas abnormal genital tract flora at 7–16 weeks gestation carries an OR of 5 to 7.5. Intervention studies have used different antibiotics in different dosage regimes by different routes of administration to patients of differing risks at different gestational ages. Not surprisingly this has led to differing results. If intervention is to be successful, the antibiotics chosen should be active against bacterial vaginosis or bacterial vaginosis-related organisms and should be used early in pregnancy in those women with the greatest degree of abnormal genital tract flora. While there is logic in using intravaginal antibiotics to deliver a heavy antibiotic load to the vagina where heavy abnormal colonisation exists, there is also logic in considering systemic antibiotics to eradicate those organisms, which have already gained access to the decidua. It may be that the greatest chance of benefit would exist if both routes of administration were combined. Yet no study has evaluated the combination of both intravaginal and systemic antibiotics to eradicate abnormal genital tract flora for the prevention of preterm birth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2003
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12. Intravaginal clindamycin to reduce preterm birth in women with abnormal genital tract flora
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Lamont, Ronald F., Duncan, Sheila L.B., Mandal, Debashis, and Bassett, Paul
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CLINDAMYCIN , *VAGINAL diseases - Abstract
: ObjectiveTo assess the ability of clindamycin vaginal cream to reduce the incidence of preterm birth in women with abnormal genital tract flora in the second trimester of pregnancy.: MethodsThis was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, tricenter study. A total of 409 women with abnormal genital tract flora on Gram stain of vaginal secretions at 13–20 weeks’ gestation were randomized to receive a 3-day course of clindamycin vaginal cream or placebo. Those women who still had abnormal vaginal flora 3 weeks later received a 7-day course of the original study drug (ie, either clindamycin vaginal cream or placebo as per original randomization). The primary outcome measure was the incidence of preterm birth.: ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of preterm birth in the clindamycin vaginal cream group (4%) compared with placebo (10%) (P < .03). Significantly more babies born preterm (63%) required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit compared with term infants (4%) (P < .001).: ConclusionA 2% clindamycin vaginal cream, when compared with placebo administered to women with abnormal genital tract flora before 20 weeks’ gestation, can reduce the incidence of preterm birth by 60% and hence the need for neonatal intensive care. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2003
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13. Prevalence of obstetric violence in high‐income countries: A systematic review of mixed studies and meta‐analysis of quantitative studies.
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Fraser, Laura Katrina, Cano‐Ibáñez, Naomi, Amezcua‐Prieto, Carmen, Khan, Khalid Saeed, Lamont, Ronald F., and Jørgensen, Jan Stener
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SECOND stage of labor (Obstetrics) , *FEAR of childbirth , *RANDOM effects model , *WOMEN'S rights , *CINAHL database - Abstract
Introduction Material and Methods Results Conclusions Obstetric violence, or mistreatment of women in obstetric care, can have severe consequences such as fear of future childbirth, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and depression.The primary objective was to estimate the prevalence of obstetric violence in high‐income countries. The secondary objective was to extract the main domains of obstetric violence perceived by women from qualitative studies. Following prospective registration (PROSPERO CRD42023468570), PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched with no restrictions. Included studies were cross‐sectional, cohort, mixed methods, and qualitative studies based on populations from high‐income countries. The review was conducted by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed. Rates of obstetric violence were pooled using random effects model, computing 95% confidence intervals (CI) and assessing heterogeneity using I2 statistic. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to detect potential reporting biases and small‐study effects.Of the 1821 records screened, 25 studies were included: 14 quantitative and 2 mixed methods studies, comprising 60 987 women, and 9 qualitative studies were included, comprising an additional 4356 women. 81.25% of quantitative studies, including the quantitative component of the mixed methods studies, were considered satisfactory or better regarding risk of bias. The prevalence of obstetric violence was overall 45.3% (95% CI 27.5–63.0; I2 = 100.0%). The prevalence of specific forms of mistreatment was also estimated. Lack of access to analgesia was 17.3% (95% CI 6.9–27.7; I2 = 99.7%). Ignored requests for help was 19.2% (95% CI 11.7–26.6; I2 = 99.0%). Shouting and scolding 19.7% (95% CI 13.0–26.4; I2 = 98.7%). The use of fundal pressure during the second stage of labor (Kristeller maneuver) was 30.3% (95% CI 22.1–38.5; I2 = 97.6%). There was no funnel asymmetry. Lack of information and/or consent were the most frequent domains extracted from the qualitative articles and the qualitative component of the mixed methods studies.The results demonstrate that obstetric violence is a prevalent problem that women in high‐income countries experience. Lack of information and/or consent were the domains most frequently described in the qualitative studies and the qualitative component of the mixed methods studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Abnormal bacterial colonisation of the genital tract and subsequent preterm delivery and late miscarriage.
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Hay, Phillip E., Lamont, Ronald F., Taylor-Robinson, David, Morgan, D. John, Ison, Catherine, and Pearson, Josephine
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BACTERIAL vaginitis , *PREGNANCY complications , *MISCARRIAGE - Abstract
Examines the association of bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy and increase risk of preterm delivery in Great Britain. Increase incidence of preterm delivery on women with history of preterm delivery; Relation of miscarriage and the presence of bacterial vaginosis; Criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.
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- 1994
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15. Re: Clindamycin to reduce preterm birth in a low resource setting: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.
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Lamont, Ronald F., Luef, Birgitte Møller, and Jørgensen, Jan Stener
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CLINDAMYCIN , *PREMATURE labor prevention , *CLINICAL trials , *BACTERIAL vaginitis , *PREMATURE infants , *PREMATURE labor - Published
- 2018
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16. Progestational agents for the prevention of preterm birth.
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Lamont, Ronald F. and Jayasooriya, Gayani S.
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PREMATURE labor prevention , *THERAPEUTIC use of progestational hormones , *PROGESTERONE , *PREMATURE infants , *RISK assessment , *PREVENTION , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
In a risk/benefit analysis, currently the use of PAs used in women with a previous history of PTB appears to be worthwhile though the impact on the PTB rate may be minor since 80–90% of women who deliver preterm have no past history. PTB is a heterogeneous condition. With the exception of extremes of gestational age, PTB is due in equal parts to SPTL, preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) and elective PTB for fetomaternal indications. The assessment of the use of PAs to prevent PTB should only relate to previous and subsequent SPTL and not to PTB due to fetomaternal indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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17. Re: Effects of oral probiotic supplements on vaginal microbiota during pregnancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with microbiome analysis.
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Lamont, Ronald F, Bagge, Julie Ribe, Vinter, Christina Anne, and Jørgensen, Jan Stener
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PROBIOTICS , *LACTIC acid , *PREGNANCY , *GENITALIA , *VAGINA - Abstract
Without this information, no comment can be made on species-specific function with respect to the percentage of I Lactobacillus i strains that produce H SB 2 sb O SB 2 sb , bacteriocins or lactic acid, including the ratio of the l- and d-isomers of lactic acid, and whether the lactic acid molecules are protonated (i.e. with non-dissociated H SP + sp , giving a neutrally charged ion) or are lactate anions (i.e. with dissociated H SP + sp , giving a negatively charged ion). The protonated form of lactic acid (which predominates at a pH of <3.9) has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties compared with the lactate anion, which has no bacteriocidal or virucidal activity.[2] Currently, approximately 180 species of I Lactobacilli i have been identified, most of which are used in the food industry, and some of which have been isolated in the human vagina. The role of lactic acid production by probiotic Lactobacillus species in vaginal health. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2020
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18. Oxytocin-receptor antagonists in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder.
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Lamont, Ronald F. and Jørgensen, Jan Stener
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AUTISM spectrum disorders in children , *OXYTOCIN , *PREMATURE infant disease prevention , *NIFEDIPINE , *PERINATAL death , *PREVENTION , *THERAPEUTICS - Published
- 2017
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19. Commentary: A case of non-cardiogenic lung edema in a woman treated with atosiban for preterm labor.
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Lamont, Ronald F.
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EDEMA , *LUNG diseases , *PREMATURE labor , *DRUG side effects , *DISEASES in women - Abstract
No Abstract available [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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20. Oxytocin Receptor Antagonists for Inhibiting Preterm Labour.
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Lamont, Ronald F., Papatsonis, Dimitri, Flenady, Vicky, Liley, Helen, and Cole, Steve
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LETTERS to the editor , *PREMATURE labor - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article on oxytocin antagonist inhibiting preterm labor.
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- 2008
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21. Vaginal markers of preterm birth.
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Lamont, Ronald F.
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PREMATURE labor , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *ANTIBIOTICS , *INFECTION , *ANTI-infective agents , *PREGNANCY - Abstract
The article discusses vaginal markers of preterm birth. The etiology of spontaneous preterm labor (SPTL) and preterm birth (PTB) is multifactorial, but there is overwhelming evidence that infection is an important factor in up to 40% of cases. SPTL is either a physiological process occurring too early in pregnancy or a pathological process following an abnormal signal. A number of studies have examined the use of antibiotics for the prevention of SPTL and PTB due to infection though they have used different antibiotics in different dosages, regimes, and routes of administration to women with varying degrees of risk and, not surprisingly, different outcomes.
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- 2005
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22. Association between cerebral palsy and erythromycin.
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Lamont, Ronald F.
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LETTERS to the editor ,SIDE effects of antibiotics - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Childhood Outcomes After Prescription of Antibiotics to Pregnant Women With Spontaneous Preterm Labour: 7-year Follow-up of the ORACLE II Trial," by S. Kenyon, K. PIke, D. Jones, et al.
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- 2009
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23. Review of the accuracy of various diagnostic tests for bacterial vaginosis to predict preterm birth (Honest et al., BJOG, May 2004).
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Lamont, Ronald F. and Taylor-Robinson, David
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BACTERIAL vaginitis , *BACTERIAL diseases , *PREMATURE labor , *DURATION of pregnancy , *GAS chromatography - Abstract
Comments on the study "The Accuracy of Various Tests for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) in Predicting Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review," by H. Hones et al. Criticism on the complexities of the methods used in the study; Discussion of gas-liquid chromatography for diagnosing BV; Two important factors that were not considered as part of the analysis.
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- 2005
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24. Response to prophylactic negative pressure wound dressing after caesarean section: an extended debate to include surgical aspects.
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Hyldig, Nana, Vinter, Christina Anne, Lamont, Ronald F., Joergensen, Jan Stener, and Möller, Sören
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NEGATIVE-pressure wound therapy , *CESAREAN section , *WIND pressure , *UMBILICAL cord clamping - Abstract
Effect of prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy vs standard wound dressing on surgical-site infection in obese women after Cesarean delivery: a randomized clinical trial. Prophylactic incisional negative pressure wound therapy reduces the risk of surgical site infection after caesarean section in obese women: a pragmatic randomised clinical trial. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2022
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25. Blame and guilt - a mixed methods study of obstetricians' and midwives' experiences and existential considerations after involvement in traumatic childbirth.
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Schrøder, Katja, Jørgensen, Jan S., Lamont, Ronald F., and Hvidt, Niels C.
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OBSTETRICIANS , *MIDWIVES , *CHILDBIRTH , *PATIENTS , *EMOTIONAL trauma , *GUILT (Psychology) , *LABOR (Obstetrics) , *PHYSICIANS , *MIDWIFERY - Abstract
Introduction: When complications arise in the delivery room, midwives and obstetricians operate at the interface of life and death, and in rare cases the infant or the mother suffers severe and possibly fatal injuries related to the birth. This descriptive study investigated the numbers and proportions of obstetricians and midwives involved in such traumatic childbirth and explored their experiences with guilt, blame, shame and existential concerns.Material and Methods: A mixed methods study comprising a national survey of Danish obstetricians and midwives and a qualitative interview study with selected survey participants.Results: The response rate was 59% (1237/2098), of which 85% stated that they had been involved in a traumatic childbirth. We formed five categories during the comparative mixed methods analysis: the patient, clinical peers, official complaints, guilt, and existential considerations. Although blame from patients, peers or official authorities was feared (and sometimes experienced), the inner struggles with guilt and existential considerations were dominant. Feelings of guilt were reported by 36-49%, and 50% agreed that the traumatic childbirth had made them think more about the meaning of life. Sixty-five percent felt that they had become a better midwife or doctor due to the traumatic incident.Conclusions: The results of this large, exploratory study suggest that obstetricians and midwives struggle with issues of blame, guilt and existential concerns in the aftermath of a traumatic childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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26. Informed choice about Down syndrome screening - effect of an eHealth tool: a randomized controlled trial.
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SKJØTH, METTE M., DRABORG, EVA, LAMONT, RONALD F., PEDERSEN, CLAUS D., HANSEN, HELLE P., EKSTRØM, CLAUS T., JØRGENSEN, JAN S., Skjøth, Mette M, Ekstrøm, Claus T, and Jørgensen, Jan S
- Subjects
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DIAGNOSIS of Down syndrome , *HEALTH websites , *WEBSITE research , *PREGNANCY , *OBSTETRICAL research , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DECISION making , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *PRENATAL diagnosis , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH , *TELEMEDICINE , *EVALUATION research , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an eHealth intervention (interactive website) on pregnant women's ability to make an informed choice about Down syndrome screening.Material and Methods: The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with allocation to an intervention group and a control group in a ratio of 1:1. Subsequent subgroup analysis was conducted. Participants were recruited from 5 August 2013 to 25 April 2014 at Odense University Hospital, Denmark. Inclusion criteria were: pregnant women aged ≥18 years who were invited to participate in Down syndrome screening. Exclusion criteria were: high risk of abortion, psycho-socially vulnerable women, late referral, inability to speak Danish and women declining to participate. The primary outcome was informed choice about Down syndrome screening. The Multidimensional Measure of Informed Choice was used to assess whether the choice was informed or uninformed.Results: A total of 1150 participants were included in the study, of which 910 (79%) completed the questionnaire. Only a minority (30% of the women in the intervention group) actually used the website. There was no significant difference in the groups with respect to making an informed choice. The mean knowledge scores were significantly higher for those in the intervention group who used the intervention.Conclusions: An interactive website with information about Down syndrome screening had no direct effect on making an informed choice. However, the majority of the pregnant women who used the website were satisfied with the website and would recommend it to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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27. First Nordic Conference on Obesity in Gynecology and Obstetrics ( NOCOGO).
- Author
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Jørgensen, Jan S., Vinter, Christina A., Lamont, Ronald F., Frederiksen‐Møller, Britta, Rønde Kristensen, Bjarne, and Mogensen, Ole
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OBESITY , *OBSTETRICS , *GYNECOLOGY - Abstract
The article offers information on the First Nordic Conference on Obesity in Gynecology and Obstetrics (NOCOGO) that was held in Billund, Denmark from October 22-24, 2012. The aim of the conference was to increase interaction between obstetricians, gynecologists, nurses and midwives regarding to obesity due to its declining global nature. Several delegates nd speakers have participated in the conference including Pernille T. Jensen, Ronnie Lamont and Christina Vinter.
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- 2013
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28. The impact of vitamin D on pregnancy: a systematic review.
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CHRISTESEN, HENRIK T., FALKENBERG, TINE, LAMONT, RONALD F., and JØRGENSEN, JAN S.
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PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of vitamin D , *PREGNANCY , *META-analysis , *VITAMIN deficiency , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *CASE-control method , *OBSTETRICS - Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is common in pregnancy. To systematically review the evidence on vitamin D-dependent pregnancy outcomes, PubMed and Embase were searched for randomized control trials, cohort and case-control studies. In randomized control trials ( n = 7), larger doses of vitamin D resulted in higher 25-hydroxylated vitamin D (25OHD) levels ( n = 6), increased maternal weight gain ( n = 1), and fewer classical vitamin D deficiency symptoms ( n = 1). In observational studies ( n = 32), lower vitamin D intake, or low 25OHD-levels, were associated with adverse fertility parameters ( n = 2), preeclampsia ( n = 5), gestational diabetes or higher blood glucose ( n = 6), bacterial vaginosis ( n = 4), primary cesarean section ( n = 1), none ( n = 3) or a few days' ( n = 2) shorter gestation, and postpartum depression ( n = 1). Studies with few participants having low 25OHD did not identify an association to preeclampsia ( n = 5) or gestational diabetes ( n = 2). Increased odds of pregnancy-associated breast cancer with 25OHD >25.8 nmol/L were observed ( n = 1). In conclusion, an effect of vitamin D on several pregnancy outcomes is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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29. The impact of vitamin D in pregnancy on extraskeletal health in children: a systematic review.
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CHRISTESEN, HENRIK T., ELVANDER, CLAES, LAMONT, RONALD F., and JØRGENSEN, JAN S.
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VITAMIN D , *SKELETAL muscle , *META-analysis , *PREGNANCY , *FETUS , *HEALTH policy , *NEONATOLOGY , *HEALTH - Abstract
The impact of maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy on the extraskeletal health of the offspring has become a 'hot topic' with a potential for cost-beneficial prevention. The objective of this study was to systematically review the level I and II evidence. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched using the MeSH terms 'vitamin D' AND 'pregnancy' until 1 January 2012. The search was limited to randomized controlled trials (evidence level I) and observational studies (evidence level II) in humans and in the English language. Papers reporting on vitamin D supplementation in combination with other supplements, or not reporting on 25OHD or outcomes of the offspring were excluded. Six randomized controlled trials and 24 observational studies were finally included. In randomized controlled studies, vitamin D supplementation resulted in increased birthweight in one study, but showed no effect in five other studies. In cohort and case-control studies, higher vitamin D intake, or higher 25OHD, was associated with increased birthweight in large studies only, and modified by vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and by race (U-shaped in Caucasians in one unconfirmed study). The risks of HIV mother-to-child transmission, rhinitis symptoms and eczema were lower. Data were conflicting on the effect on respiratory infections and wheezing, whereas U-shaped associations to inhalant allergen-specific IgE at five years and to schizophrenia were reported in unconfirmed studies. The risk of type 1 diabetes at 15 years was lower or unchanged. It is concluded that observational studies suggest an effect of vitamin D on several outcomes. U-Shaped associations warrant caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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30. Maternal and Fetal Characteristics Associated With Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid.
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Balchin, Imelda, Whittaker, John C., Lamont, Ronald F., and Steer, Philip J.
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AMNIOTIC liquid , *BREECH delivery , *MECONIUM , *GENETICS , *DNA - Abstract
The article discusses a study which examined maternal and fetal characteristics which could predict meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AF). Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze predictors of meconium-stained AF such as vaginal breech delivery, being black and being South Asian. The study found that the rates of meconium-stained AF vary among races and across gestational age.
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- 2011
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31. Safety concerns for the use of calcium channel blockers in pregnancy for the treatment of spontaneous preterm labour and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
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Khan, Khalid, Zamora, Javier, Lamont, Ronald F., Van Geijn Hp, Herman, Svare, Jens, Santos-Jorge, Carlos, Jacquemyn, Yves, Husslein, Peter, Helmer H, Hanns, Dudenhausen, Joachim, Di Renzo, Gian Carlo, Roura, Luis Cabero, and Beattie, Bryan
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CALCIUM antagonists , *PREGNANCY , *HYPERTENSION , *REGRESSION analysis , *INTERNET in medicine - Abstract
Background. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are not licensed for use in pregnancy but are used without robust surveillance to treat hypertension in pregnancy and preterm labour. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fetomaternal safety of CCB in pregnancy by a quantitative systematic review. Methods. Medline (1996–2005), EMBASE (1996–2003), BIOSIS (1993–2003), Current contents (1995–2003), DERWENT DRUGFILE (1983–2003) and Cochrane Library (2005: issue 3). The number of women reporting an adverse event was used to compute a percentage of the total number of women in whom the occurrence of that event or confirmation of its absence was reported. Meta-regression with generalised estimation equations modelling explored reasons for heterogeneity, seeking factors that increased the rates of the most commonly reported adverse events. Findings. Of 269 relevant reports, including 5607 women, adverse fetomaternal events varied according to the total dose of nifedipine and study design. Adverse events were highest amongst women given more than 60 mg total dose of nifedipine [odds ratio (OR) 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–11.2, p = 0.017] and in reports from case series compared to controlled studies (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.17–5.15, p = 0.018). Interpretation. Adverse event rates generated from this study provide an evidence base for clinical guidelines and informed patient consent for CCB use in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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32. Timing of Planned Cesarean Delivery by Racial Group.
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Balchin, Imelda, Witittaker, John C., Lamont, Ronald F., and Steer, Philip J.
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RESPIRATORY distress syndrome , *NEONATAL diseases , *CESAREAN-born children , *WHITE people , *SOUTH Asians , *BLACK women , *DISEASES - Abstract
The article discusses the incidents of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnea (TTN) on newborn infants in relation to gestational age and planned cesarean delivery in different racial classifications such as white, South Asian, and black women. Up until 40 weeks and after adjusting to confounders, South Asians' gestation-specific crude RDS rate was lower compared with whites. The lowest rate of TTN plus RDS for South Asians and blacks was 38 weeks and 40 weeks for whites.
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- 2008
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33. The relationship between periodontal disease, bacterial vaginosis, and preterm birth.
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Pretorius, Christopher, Jagatt, Anilla, and Lamont, Ronald F.
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PERIODONTITIS , *PERIODONTAL disease , *CLINDAMYCIN , *FUSOBACTERIUM , *PREMATURE labor - Abstract
Spontaneous preterm labor leading to preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The etiology of spontaneous preterm labor is multifactoral but there is overwhelming evidence to implicate infection in up to 40% of cases. Historically, this infective link has focused on the associations between abnormal genital tract flora in pregnancy (diagnosed by the presence of bacterial vaginosis) and preterm birth. Recently, another condition related to abnormal flora (periodontal disease) has been linked with preterm birth. There are microbiological similarities between the oral cavity and the female genital tract giving rise to a possible common pathophysiology. This review records the interrelationship between periodontal disease, bacterial vaginosis, and preterm birth. We postulate on the mechanism linking the three conditions, particularly through microbiology and gene-environmental interactions. Periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis may be risk factors in their own rights or may be interrelated. We speculate on whether periodontitisis a marker for an immune hyperresponse to abnormal flora which in the oral cavity results in periodontitis and in the case of bacterial vaginosis might result in preterm birth. We also postulate on the riskof preterm birth by periodontitis alone, bacterial vaginosis alone, or both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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34. An update on the controversies of tocolytic therapy for the prevention of preterm birth.
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Ingemarsson, Ingemar, Lamont, Ronald, and Lamont, Ronald F
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PREMATURE labor , *PREGNANCY - Abstract
Preterm birth is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Where there are no contraindications to their use, tocolytics can improve neonatal survival rates by approximately 3% per day between 23 and 27 weeks gestation with a concomitant reduction in morbidity. The ultimate aim of tocolytic therapy is to prolong pregnancy until growth and maturation is complete, but even short-term delay may enable the administration of antepartum glucocorticoids to reduce hyaline membrane disease or to arrange transfer to a center with neonatal intensive care facilities. Both of these have been shown to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity. Until recently, none of the currently used tocolytics, whether licensed or unlicensed, were developed specifically for the inhibition of preterm labor and consequently, they exhibit various potentially serious side-effects. As a result of the recent licensing of the oxytocin antagonist, atosiban, developed for the treatment of preterm labor and due to its high utero-specificity, obstetricians have experienced an advance in their options for the management of spontaneous preterm labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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35. Developing an algorithm for the diagnosis of abnormal vaginal discharge in a dutch clinical setting: a pilot study.
- Author
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van den Munckhof, Ellen H.A., van Sitter, Rosalie L., Lamont, Ronald F., le Cessie, Saskia, Kuijper, Ed J., Knetsch, Cornelis W., Molijn, Anco, Quint, Wim G.V., Boers, Kim E., and Leverstein-van Hall, Maurine A.
- Subjects
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VAGINAL discharge , *DIAGNOSIS , *BACTERIAL vaginitis , *ALGORITHMS , *VULVOVAGINAL candidiasis - Abstract
• Based on tree-based classification analysis, bacterial vaginosis can be best predicted by a positive pH and amine odour test. • A negative pH and odour test excluded bacterial vaginosis as diagnosis, reducing the need for laboratory tests in 50% of the patients. • A qPCR (sensitivity 94%; specificity 97%) performed significant better as confirmation test for bacterial vaginosis than the Nugent score (sensitivity of 59%; specificity 97%; P = 0.031). Abnormal vaginal discharge may be caused by bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis and/or aerobic vaginitis. For the development of a diagnostic algorithm, tree-based classification analysis was performed on symptoms, signs and bedside test results of 56 patients, and laboratory tests (culture, Nugent score, qPCRs) were compared. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used as reference test for bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis, culture for vulvovaginal candidiasis and qPCR for trichomoniasis. For bacterial vaginosis, the best diagnostic algorithm was to screen at the bedside with a pH and odour test and if positive, to confirm by qPCR (sensitivity 94%; specificity 97%) rather than Nugent score (sensitivity of 59%; specificity 97%; P = 0.031). The analysis for the other infections was less conclusive due to the low number of patients with these infections. For bacterial vaginosis, the developed algorithm is sensitive, specific, and reduces the need for laboratory tests in 50% of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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36. Comparison of Amsel criteria, Nugent score, culture and two CE-IVD marked quantitative real-time PCRs with microbiota analysis for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.
- Author
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van den Munckhof, Ellen H. A., Knetsch, Cornelis W., van Doorn, Leen-Jan, Quint, Wim G. V., Molijn, Anco, van Sitter, Rosalie L., Boers, Kim E., Lamont, Ronald F., te Witt, René, Leverstein-van Hall, Maurine A., and le Cessie, Saskia
- Subjects
- *
BACTERIAL vaginitis diagnosis , *HUMAN microbiota , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *BACTERIAL cultures , *GYNECOLOGIC diagnosis - Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common gynaecological condition. Diagnosis of BV is typically based on Amsel criteria, Nugent score and/or bacterial culture. In this study, these conventional methods and two CE-IVD marked quantitative real-time (q)PCR assays were compared with microbiota analysis for the diagnosis of BV. Eighty women were evaluated for BV during two sequential hospital visits by Amsel criteria, Nugent score, culture, the AmpliSens® Florocenosis/Bacterial vaginosis-FRT PCR kit (InterLabService, Moscow, Russia), and the BD MAX™ Vaginal Panel (BD Diagnostics, MD, USA). Microbiota analysis based on amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used as reference test. The microbiota profile of 36/115 (31%) included cases was associated with BV. Based on microbiota analysis, the sensitivity of detecting BV was 38.9% for culture, 61.15% for Amsel criteria, 63.9% for Nugent score and the BD MAX assay, and 80.6% for the AmpliSens assay, while the specificity of all methods was ≥ 92.4%. Microbiota profiles of the cases with discrepant results between microbiota analysis and the diagnostic methods were variable. All five diagnostic methods missed BV positive cases with a relatively high abundance of the genus Alloscardovia, Bifidobacterium, or Dialister, which were categorised as unspecified dysbiosis by the AmpliSens assay. Compared to Amsel criteria, Nugent score, culture, and the BD MAX assay, the AmpliSens assay was most in agreement with microbiota analysis, indicating that currently, the AmpliSens assay may be the best diagnostic method available to diagnose BV in a routine clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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37. The Starting Gate: Birth Weight and Life Chances.
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Lamont, Ronald F.
- Subjects
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LOW birth weight , *NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews the book "The Starting Gate: Birth Weight and Life Chances," by Dalton Conley, Kate W. Strully, and Neil G. Bennett.
- Published
- 2004
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38. Healthcare professionals' perspectives on traumatic childbirth - interpreting the data.
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Schrøder, Katja, Jørgensen, Jan S., Lamont, Ronald F., and Hvidt, Niels C.
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CHILDBIRTH , *GUILT (Psychology) , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *MEDICAL personnel - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Blame and guilt after traumatic childbirth - but what next?" by M. Cauldwell and colleagues.
- Published
- 2016
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39. Guilt without fault: A qualitative study into the ethics of forgiveness after traumatic childbirth.
- Author
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Schrøder, Katja, la Cour, Karen, Jørgensen, Jan Stener, Lamont, Ronald F., and Hvidt, Niels Christian
- Subjects
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PREGNANCY complications , *BIRTH injuries , *ADAPTABILITY (Personality) , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *CHILDBIRTH , *EMOTIONS , *ETHICS , *FORGIVENESS , *GUILT (Psychology) , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *MATERNAL health services , *MEDICAL personnel , *PATIENT safety , *PHILOSOPHY , *PHYSICIANS , *MIDWIFERY , *QUALITATIVE research , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
When a life is lost or severely impaired during childbirth, the midwife and obstetrician involved may experience feelings of guilt in the aftermath. Through three empirical cases, the paper examines the sense of guilt in the context of the current patient safety culture in healthcare where a blame-free approach is promoted in the aftermath of adverse events. The purpose is to illustrate how healthcare professionals may experience guilt without being at fault after adverse events, and Gamlund's theory on forgiveness without blame is used as the theoretical framework for this analysis. Philosophical insight has proven to be a useful resource in dealing with psychological issues of guilt and Gamlund's view on error and forgiveness elucidates an interesting dilemma in the field of traumatic events and medical harm in healthcare, where healthcare professionals experience that well-intended actions may cause injury, harm or even death to their patients. Failing to recognise and acknowledge guilt or guilty feelings may preclude self-forgiveness, which could have a negative impact on the recovery of midwives and obstetricians after adverse events. Developing and improving support systems for healthcare professionals is a multi-factorial task, and the authors suggest that the narrow focus on medico-legal and patient safety perspectives is complemented with moral philosophical perspectives to promote non-judgemental recognition and acknowledgement of guilt and of the fallible nature of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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40. Biomarkers of spontaneous preterm birth: a systematic review of studies using multiplex analysis.
- Author
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Polettini, Jossimara, Cobo, Teresa, Kacerovsky, Marian, Vinturache, Angela E., Laudanski, Piotr, Peelen, Myrthe J. C. S., Helmer, Hanns, Lamont, Ronald F., Takeda, Jun, Lapointe, Jerome, Torloni, Maria Regina, Zhong, Nanbert, and Menon, Ramkumar
- Subjects
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PREMATURE infant physiology , *BIOMARKERS , *CYTOKINES , *DATABASES , *IMMUNOASSAY , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MATERNAL health services , *EVALUATION of medical care , *MEDLINE , *ONLINE information services , *TUMOR necrosis factors , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *PROTEIN microarrays , *META-synthesis , *PREGNANCY - Abstract
Objective: Despite decades of research on risk indicators of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), reliable biomarkers are still not available to screen or diagnose high-risk pregnancies. Several biomarkers in maternal and fetal compartments have been mechanistically linked to PTB, but none of them are reliable predictors of pregnancy outcome. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize the knowledge on PTB biomarkers identified using multiplex analysis. Materials and methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) were searched for studies in any language reporting the use of multiplex assays for maternal biomarkers associated with PTB published from January 2005 to March 2014. Results: Retrieved citations (3631) were screened, and relevant studies (33) were selected for full-text reading. Ten studies were included in the review. Forty-two PTB-related proteins were reported, and RANTES and IL-10 (three studies) followed by MIP-1β, GM-CSF, Eotaxin, and TNF-RI (two studies) were reported more than once in maternal serum. However, results could not be combined due to heterogeneity in type of sample, study population, assay, and analysis methods. Conclusion: By this systematic review, we conclude that multiplex assays are a potential technological advancement for identifying biomarkers of PTB, although no single or combination of biomarkers could be identified to predict PTB risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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41. Ingemar Ingemarsson Memorial Symposium on preterm delivery at the XXI FIGO World Congress.
- Author
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Jørgensen, Jan S., Jacobsson, Bo, Vinter, Christina A., Lamont, Ronald F., and Maršál, Karel
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OBSTETRICS , *PREMATURE labor , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
Information about the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) World Congress 2015 held in Vancouver, British Columbia is presented. Topics include the contributions of Professor Ingemar Ingemarsson on obstetrics, the role of technology on the improvements of obstetric care and the prevention strategies for preterm and post-term labor. The speakers at the event include Christina Anne Winter, Bo Jacobsson and Jan Stener Jorgensen.
- Published
- 2016
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42. Second Nordic Congress on Obesity in Gynecology and Obstetrics (NOCOGO).
- Author
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Vinter, Christina A., Frederiksen‐Møller, Britta, Weile, Louise K., Lamont, Ronald F., Kristensen, Bjarne R., and Jørgensen, Jan S.
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- *
OBESITY -- Congresses , *GYNECOLOGY , *OBSTETRICS , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *OBESITY treatment , *COMMUNICATION , *COUNSELING , *GYNECOLOGIC surgery , *LABOR (Obstetrics) , *OBESITY , *OBSTETRICS surgery , *PRECONCEPTION care , *PRENATAL care , *POLYCYSTIC ovary syndrome , *WEIGHT loss , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *LIFESTYLES - Abstract
The article discusses the highlights of the 2nd Nordic Congress on Obesity in Gynecology and Obstetrics (NOCOGO) held at Hindsgavl Conference Center in Middelfart, Denmark on August 27 to 29, 2015. The conference focused on the epidemiology of obesity globally and its influence on the pre-conceptional environment. Speakers included Philip James, Sven Cnattingius and Ronnie Lamont.
- Published
- 2016
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43. The Odense Child Cohort: Aims, Design, and Cohort Profile.
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Kyhl, Henriette Boye, Jensen, Tina Kold, Barington, Torben, Buhl, Susanne, Norberg, Lene Annette, Jørgensen, Jan Stener, Jensen, Ditlev Frank Granhøj, Christesen, Henrik Thybo, Lamont, Ronald F., and Husby, Steffen
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CHILD development , *BODY mass index , *AGE , *EDUCATION ,NEWBORN infant health - Abstract
Background The importance of the environment on the development of the fetus and infant throughout early life is increasingly recognised. To study such effects, biological samples and accurate data records are required. Based on multiple data collection from a healthy pregnant population, the Odense Childhood Cohort ( OCC) study aims to provide new information about the environmental impact on child health by sequential follow-up to 18 years of age among children born between 2010 and 2012. Methods A total of 2874 of 6707 pregnancies (43%) were recruited between January 2010 and December 2012. Three hundred seventy-four have since left the study, leaving 2500 active families. The non-participants act as controls contributing data through local registries. Biological material, questionnaires, and registry data were compiled. Anthropometric data and other physical data were collected. Results Two thousand five hundred families actively participated in the study with 2549 children. Sixty-four per cent of the fathers and 60% and 58% of the mothers, respectively, donated a blood sample at 10 and 28 weeks of gestation. On average, 69% completed questionnaires, 78% of the children were regularly examined, and had a blood sample taken (46%). The participating pregnant women differed from the non-participants in several respects: age, body mass index, smoking, parity, education, and ethnicity. The infants were comparable with respect to gender and mode of delivery. Conclusions The OCC provides material for in-depth analysis of environmental and genetic factors that are important for child health and disease. Registry data from non-participating women and infants are available which ensures a high degree of comparable data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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44. Prevalence of substance abuse in pregnancy among Danish women.
- Author
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Rausgaard, Nete L.K., Ibsen, Inge O., Jørgensen, Jan S., Lamont, Ronald F., and Ravn, Pernille
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PREGNANT women , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *SUBSTANCE abuse research , *ULTRASONIC imaging , *NARCOTICS , *CANNABIS (Genus) - Abstract
There are few recent data on the prevalence of substance abuse among Danish pregnant women. During 2013, in the Region of Southern Denmark, a cross-sectional, anonymous, screening-based study was conducted among pregnant women attending for routine ultrasound scan at 12 weeks gestation. The women submitted a urine sample and completed a short questionnaire. Urine samples were tested for opiates, cannabis, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, amphetamine and methamphetamine. Positive samples underwent repeat analysis for confirmation. Of 690 pregnant women, 88.1% participated. Overall, 3.6% of women had a positive urine sample confirmed by repeated analysis. The age distribution in women with positive samples did not differ from the entire cohort. Our findings indicate a larger prevalence than anticipated, and that a substantial number of pregnant women with substance abuse are not appropriately referred to the focused specialist center for such women at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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45. Providing information about prenatal screening for Down syndrome: a systematic review.
- Author
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Skjøth, Mette M., Draborg, Eva, Pedersen, Claus D., Hansen, Helle P., Lamont, Ronald F., and Jørgensen, Jan S.
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- *
DOWN syndrome , *PRENATAL diagnosis , *PRENATAL care , *PREGNANT women , *HUMAN chromosome abnormalities - Abstract
Background In recent decades there have been advances in the options for prenatal screening. Screening programmes for Down syndrome are well established in many countries. It is important that pregnant women are well informed about the benefits and risks of screening. A variety of interventions has been introduced to support pregnant women in their choice of prenatal screening. Objective To summarize the literature using randomized controlled trials to compare the effects of different interventions to provide pregnant women with the information necessary to make an informed choice about screening for Down syndrome. Design Systematic review Methods A systematic search was performed using the PUBMED and EMBASE databases. The search terms included MeSH terms and free text and were combined by Boolean terms (AND, OR) with no restriction on language or time. Main outcome measures Knowledge, informed choice, patient satisfaction, anxiety, depression, conflict and worries. Results Twelve studies were included in the review. All were characterised by having one or more interventions designed to improve the level of information about prenatal screening for Down syndrome. A positive effect on knowledge and satisfaction from the information received was found in the majority of the studies. The studies were heterogeneous with respect to interventions, methodology and outcome measurements. Conclusions Interventions aimed at providing pregnant women with specific information about prenatal screening for Down syndrome can improve their ability to make an informed choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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46. Postpartum weight retention and breastfeeding among obese women from the randomized controlled Lifestyle in Pregnancy (LiP) trial.
- Author
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Vinter, Christina Anne, Jensen, Dorte Møller, Ovesen, Per, Beck‐Nielsen, Henning, Tanvig, Mette, Lamont, Ronald F., and Jørgensen, Jan Stener
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PUERPERIUM , *BREASTFEEDING , *OVERWEIGHT persons , *LIFESTYLES , *PREGNANCY , *WEIGHT gain in pregnancy , *WEIGHT gain , *HEALTH - Abstract
Objectives To study the effects of lifestyle intervention in pregnancy on weight retention 6 months postpartum among obese women from the 'Lifestyle in Pregnancy' (LiP) study, and to determine associations between breastfeeding with postpartum maternal weight. Design Six months postpartum follow up after a randomized controlled intervention trial. Setting Two university hospitals in Denmark. Population A total of 360 women with pregestational body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Methods The intervention involved lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) during pregnancy. The control group received routine pregnancy care. Both groups received standard postnatal care. Main outcome measures Gestational weight gain, postpartum weight retention and breastfeeding. Results Follow up was completed in 238 women of whom 46% in the intervention group and 57% in the control group had retained weight 6 months postpartum ( p = 0.088). Women with gestational weight gain ≤9 kg, (recommended by the Institute of Medicine), retained less postpartum weight compared with those who exceeded 9 kg (median −0.7 vs. 1.5, p < 0.001). Ninety-two percent in both weight gain groups initiated breastfeeding. The number of breastfeeding mothers was higher among women with postpartum weight retention ≤5 kg compared with those with weight retention > 5 kg (94% vs. 85%, p = 0.034). Conclusions We could not detect sustained weight control at 6 months postpartum despite a lower gestational weight gain for obese women during pregnancy who received a lifestyle intervention rather than standard care. Women who adhered to gestational weight gain recommendations had significantly lower postpartum weight retention. Breastfeeding for 6 months was negatively associated with postpartum weight retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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47. Training in motivational interviewing in obstetrics: a quantitative analytical tool.
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Lindhardt, Christina L., Rubak, Sune, Mogensen, Ole, Hansen, Helle P., Lamont, Ronald F., and Jørgensen, Jan S.
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MOTIVATIONAL interviewing , *OBSTETRICIANS , *MEDICAL personnel , *PREGNANT women , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *INTERVIEWING , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations - Abstract
Objective To examine whether a 3-day training course in motivational interviewing, which is an approach to helping people to change, could improve the communication skills of obstetric healthcare professionals in their interaction with obese pregnant women. Design Intervention study. Setting The Region of Southern Denmark. Methods Eleven obstetric healthcare professionals working with obese pregnant women underwent a 3-day course in motivational interviewing techniques and were assessed before and after training to measure the impact on their overall performance as well as the effect on specific behavioral techniques observed during interviews. Findings With a few exceptions, the participants changed their behavior appropriate to the motivational interviewing technique. The participants made more interventions towards the principles of motivational interviewing (adherent and nonadherent interventions). Furthermore, the participants asked fewer closed and more open questions before training in motivational interview. In the assessment of proficiency and competency, most of the participants scored higher after the training in motivational interviewing. Conclusions Training in motivational interviewing improves healthcare professionals' proficiency and competency when communicating with obese pregnant women, albeit that the effect was not universal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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48. Anthropometrics and Body Composition by Dual Energy X-Ray in Children of Obese Women: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial (the Lifestyle in Pregnancy and Offspring [LiPO] Study).
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Tanvig, Mette, Vinter, Christina A., Jørgensen, Jan S., Wehberg, Sonja, Ovesen, Per G., Lamont, Ronald F., Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Christesen, Henrik T., and Jensen, Dorte M.
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ANTHROPOMETRY , *BODY composition , *X-rays , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine) , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *WEIGHT gain in pregnancy - Abstract
Objective: In obese women, 1) to assess whether lower gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy in the lifestyle intervention group of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) resulted in differences in offspring anthropometrics and body composition, and 2) to compare offspring outcomes to a reference group of children born to women with a normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Research design and methods: The LiPO (Lifestyle in Pregnancy and Offspring) study was an offspring follow-up of a RCT with 360 obese pregnant women with a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy including dietary advice, coaching and exercise. The trial was completed by 301 women who were eligible for follow-up. In addition, to the children from the RCT, a group of children born to women with a normal BMI were included as a reference group. At 2.8 (range 2.5–3.2) years, anthropometrics were measured in 157 children of the RCT mothers and in 97 reference group children with Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score as a primary outcome. Body composition was estimated by Dual Energy X-ray (DEXA) in 123 successful scans out of 147 (84%). Results: No differences between randomized groups were seen in mean (95% C.I.) BMI Z-score (intervention group 0.06 [−0.17; 0.29] vs. controls −0.18 [−0.43; 0.05]), in the percentage of overweight or obese children (10.9% vs. 6.7%), in other anthropometrics, or in body composition values by DEXA. Outcomes between children from the RCT and the reference group children were not significantly different. Conclusions: The RCT with lifestyle intervention in obese pregnant women did not result in any detectable effect on offspring anthropometrics or body composition by DEXA at 2.8 years of age. This may reflect the limited difference in GWG between intervention and control groups. Offspring of obese mothers from the RCT were comparable to offspring of mothers with a normal BMI. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT00530439, NCT01918319 and NCT01918423. URL: NCT00530439?term = NCT00530439&rank = 1, NCT01918319?term = NCT00530439&rank = 2 and NCT01918423?term = NCT00530439&rank = 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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49. The experience of pregnant women with a body mass index >30 kg/m(2) of their encounters with healthcare professionals.
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Lindhardt, Christina L, Rubak, Sune, Mogensen, Ole, Lamont, Ronald F, and Joergensen, Jan Stener
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- 2013
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50. The experience of pregnant women with a body mass index >30 kg/m2 of their encounters with healthcare professionals.
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Lindhardt, Christina L., Rubak, Sune, Mogensen, Ole, Lamont, Ronald F., and Joergensen, Jan Stener
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BODY mass index , *OBESITY , *PREGNANCY , *PREGNANT women , *MEDICAL personnel - Abstract
Objective To examine the experience of women with a pre-pregnant BMI >30 kg/m2, in their encounters with healthcare professionals during pregnancy. Design Qualitative study using a phenomenological methodology approach. Setting Face-to-face interviews with pregnant women in their own home who were referred from their general practitioner to specialist antenatal follow-up at their local hospital. Sample Sixteen women with pre-pregnant BMI >30 kg/m2. Methods Qualitative in-depth interviews. Participant's experiences of their encounters with health care professionals were recorded verbatim, transcribed and analysed using a phenomenological approach . Results Two main themes were identified, an accusatorial response from healthcare professionals and a lack of advice and helpful information on how being obese and pregnant might affect the women's health and that of their child. Conclusions Pregnant women with obesity may experience prejudice from healthcare professionals. These women felt they were treated with a lack of respect, an accusatorial response, and the feeling that information which could have been helpful was not forthcoming. Communication between obese pregnant woman and healthcare professionals appears to be lacking. Improved training in communication skills, less judgemental behaviour and better dissemination of information from healthcare professionals working with pregnant women with obesity are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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