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Background: Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common cause of neurological disability. Despite recent advances in pathophysiological understanding and treatments, application of this knowledge to clinical practice is variable and limited. Objective: Our aim was to provide an expert overview of the state of affairs of FND practice across Europe, focusing on education and training, access to specialized care, reimbursement and disability policies, and academic and patient‐led representation of people with FND. Methods: We conducted a survey across Europe, featuring one expert per country. We asked experts to compare training and services for people with FND to those provided to people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Results: Responses from 25 countries revealed that only five included FND as a mandatory part of neurological training, while teaching about MS was uniformly included. FND was part of final neurology examinations in 3/17 countries, unlike MS that was included in all 17. Seventeen countries reported neurologists with an interest in FND but the estimated mean ratio of FND‐interested neurologists to MS neurologists was 1:20. FND coding varied, with psychiatric coding for FND impacting treatment access and disability benefits in the majority of countries. Twenty countries reported services refusing to see FND patients. Eight countries reported an FND special interest group or network; 11 reported patient‐led organizations. Conclusions: FND is largely a marginal topic within European neurology training and there is limited access to specialized care and disability benefits for people with FND across Europe. We discuss how this issue can be addressed at an academic, healthcare and patient organization level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and often disabling condition. Limited access to services for FND poses challenges both for patients and their health care providers. This survey explored the attitudes, experiences, support needs and training needs of health care professionals (HCPs) who provide care to individuals with FND in Ireland. Methods: A broad range of HCPs working with patients with FND in Ireland partook in an anonymous online 12‐item survey. Participants were recruited via professional bodies and snowball convenience sampling utilising social media and email invitation. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze data. Results: A total of 314 HCPs working in Ireland completed the survey. 80% were female and over half worked in their current role for more than 10 years. 75% of the sample encountered three or less individuals with FND per month. Identified service‐related challenges to effective patient care included insufficient clinic time, lack of confidence explaining the diagnosis, and the need for greater access to specialist support. Data revealed persisting negative attitudes toward FND patients among a proportion of respondents. The majority of respondents did not feel they received adequate education on FND, with the exception of neurologists, of whom 65% felt adequately trained. The majority of respondents (85%) also felt that people with FND did not have access to appropriate FND services in Ireland. Conclusion: This study indicates that there is a significant need to improve FND education among HCPs in Ireland, in addition to developing appropriately resourced, integrated, multidisciplinary care pathways for the FND patient group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Purpose: Most people with epilepsy who die suddenly and whose death is attributed to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) are found in or by the bed for unknown reasons. We assessed whether those with sleep-related SUDEP were more likely to have nocturnal seizures, and whether seizure patterns (diurnal vs. nocturnal) differed from people dying suddenly and living controls with epilepsy. Methods: Seizure patterns in a cohort of 154 people with epilepsy who died suddenly and after autopsy conformed to the definition of SUDEP and 616 controls living with epilepsy were classified as having 'exclusively diurnal' or 'nocturnal seizures.' Comparisons were made between the groups. SUDEP was classified as sleep-related or non-sleep-related based on eyewitness accounts and the circumstances surrounding death. Key Findings: SUDEP was primarily a sleep-related (58%) and unwitnessed (86%) event. If sleep-related, SUDEP was more likely to be unwitnessed [odds ratio (OR) 4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-12]. Those with sleep-related SUDEP were more likely to have a history of nocturnal seizures than those who had non-sleep-related SUDEP (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4-9.4). Those who died were more likely to have a history of nocturnal seizures than living controls (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.5-6.0). After correction for previously established SUDEP risk factors (), the presence of nocturnal seizures remained significant (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.0). Significance: Nocturnal seizures seem to be an independent risk factor for SUDEP. These findings underscore the importance of preventive measures, which may include night supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of our study was to explore how people with epilepsy fared during two of the most stringent 4-month society-wide COVID-19-related pandemic restrictions in Ireland, in 2020 and one year later in 2021. This was in the context of their seizure control, lifestyle factors, and access to epilepsy-related healthcare services. A 14-part questionnaire was administered to adults with epilepsy during virtual specialist epilepsy clinics in a University Hospital in Dublin, Ireland at the end of the two lockdowns. People with epilepsy were questioned on their epilepsy control, lifestyle factors, and quality of epilepsy-related medical care, compared to pre-COVID times. The study sample consisted of two separate cohorts of those diagnosed with epilepsy (100 (51.8%) in 2020, and 93 (48.2%) in 2021, with similar baseline characteristics. There was no significant change in seizure control or lifestyle factors from 2020 to 2021, except for deterioration in anti-seizure medication (ASM) adherence in 2021 compared to 2020 (p = 0.028). There was no correlation between ASM adherence and other lifestyle factors. Over the two years, poor seizure control was significantly associated with poor sleep (p < 0.001) and average seizure frequency in a month (p = 0.007). We concluded that there was no significant difference between seizure control or lifestyle factors between the two most stringent lockdowns in Ireland, in 2020 and 2021. Furthermore, people with epilepsy reported that throughout the lockdowns access to services was well maintained, and they felt well supported by their services. Contrary to the popular opinion that COVID lockdowns greatly affected patients with chronic diseases, we found that those with epilepsy attending our service remained largely stable, optimistic, and healthy during this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]