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El consumo de alcohol causó 300 mil muertes en la región de las Américas, una población de riesgo son los trabajadores de la salud ya que son los encargados de brindar cuidados de la salud para lograr un funcionamiento óptimo en el sistema de salud. El objetivo general del estudio es identificar si el síndrome de Burnout predice el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores de la salud de dos instituciones hospitalarias. Material y Método: descriptivo, correlacional y predictivo, donde se incluye a 420 participantes. Se recopiló información sociodemográfica, así como datos de síndrome de Burnout a través del Inventario de Burnout de Maslach y consumo de alcohol mediante el AUDIT, cumpliendo con los aspectos éticos de la Ley General de Salud en Investigación Sanitaria. Resultados: más del 70% eran del sexo femenino, el nivel de estudios de licenciatura se identificó en mayor proporción (48.3%). Se encontró diferencia significativa por sexo en los tres tipos de consumo; riesgo (χ² = 12.881, p= 0.001), dependiente (χ² = 5.621, p= 0.018), perjudicial (χ²= 9.034, p=.003). Por edad se identificó diferencia significativa en consumo de riesgo (χ²= 12.137, p= 0.002) y dependiente (χ² = 10.242, p= 0.006). Se encontraron relaciones positivas y significativas entre síndrome de Burnout y consumo de alcohol (r_s= 0.165, p< 0.001), se observaron relaciones negativas y significativas entre edad y síndrome de Burnout (r_s= -0.113, p= 0.020), y edad con consumo de alcohol (r_s= -0.228, p< 0.001). El sexo (β= 1.646, p= 0.001) y síndrome de Burnout (β= 0.054, p= 0.002) mostraron efecto positivo y significativo con el consumo de alcohol, mientras que edad (β= -0.084, p= 0.001) tuvo efecto negativo y significativo con el consumo de alcohol. Conclusión: este trabajo planteó que los trabajadores de la salud han desarrollado síndrome de Burnout y recurren al consumo de sustancias, entre ellas el alcohol como una forma de afrontamiento. Por lo cual, se plantea la necesidad de realizar estrategias para la prevención y disminución del consumo de alcohol por parte de las organizaciones correspondientes, así como un seguimiento de la salud mental para evitar el desarrollo de otras complicaciones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of consumption or nonconsumption of alcohol in the young is considered complex, and one way to present specific explanations of phenomena is by derivation of theory. Objective: present a theoretical derivation and propose an explanatory model of behavior of consumption and non-consumption of alcohol in rural and urban young. Method: was made a theoretical derivation using methodology by Walker and Avant and the conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure described by Fawcett. Results: if was obtained the explanatory model of behavior of consumption and non-consumption of alcohol. Conclusions: the model can be useful to explain and identify the factors that influence at the startof alcohol consumption or no consumption in youngs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The consumption of alcohol is among the main health problems worldwide due to its physical, psychological and social consequences, it has been identified that the expectations of alcohol consumption are a variable that can be related to the alcohol consumption. Objective: To identify the expectations towards alcohol consumption, to determine the relationship between expectations and alcohol consumption among young people in rural and urban areas. Methodology: The design of the study was descriptive correlational, comparative; random sampling. The sample consisted of 169 young people from the urban area and 133 young people from the rural area of the state of Nuevo León. Results: The expectations towards the consumption of alcohol in the subscale of disinhibition (U = 9573.00; p = 0,023) and in the subscale of increase of sexuality (U = 9724.00; p = 0,041) it was different within the to area, it is characterized by greater medians and medians among young people in rural areas; the expectations of alcohol consumption reported positive and significant correlation with the harmful consumption of alcohol in rural youth (rs= 0,435; p < 0,001) and young people in urban areas (rs= 0,290; p < 0,001). Conclusion: Due to the problem that consolidates the alcohol consumption in young people, it is important to carry out more research that allows the design of effective strategies to attend to specific populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The consumption of alcohol is among the main health problems worldwide due to its physical, psychological and social consequences, it has been identified that the expectations of alcohol consumption are a variable that can be related to the alcohol consumption. Objective: To identify the expectations towards alcohol consumption, to determine the relationship between expectations and alcohol consumption among young people in rural and urban areas. Methodology: The design of the study was descriptive correlational, comparative; random sampling. The sample consisted of 169 young people from the urban area and 133 young people from the rural area of the state of Nuevo León. Results: The expectations towards the consumption of alcohol in the subscale of disinhibition (U = 9573.00; p = 0,023) and in the subscale of increase of sexuality (U = 9724.00; p = 0,041) it was different within the to area, it is characterized by greater medians and medians among young people in rural areas; the expectations of alcohol consumption reported positive and significant correlation with the harmful consumption of alcohol in rural youth (rs= 0,435; p < 0,001) and young people in urban areas (rs= 0,290; p < 0,001). Conclusion: Due to the problem that consolidates the alcohol consumption in young people, it is important to carry out more research that allows the design of effective strategies to attend to specific populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The school climate is a protective factor for substance use. Objective: To identify the association between school climate and substance use in adolescents. Methodology: Predictive descriptive-correlational study. Single-stage cluster sampling and a sample of 227 students aged 15 to 18 years. A Personal Traits and Drug Consumption Identity Card and the School Climate Survey (MDS3) were applied. Results: Participants had a positive perception of safety (OR = 0.904; p < 0.01). There was less alcohol consumption in the last week, explaining 8.2% of the variance. Although a positive school climate does not predict tobacco use, a positive perception of the school environment results in a lower probability of tobacco use in the last year (OR = 0.884; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although a positive perception of safety in the school climate is associated with no alcohol consumption in the last week, it does not predict tobacco use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent nursing intervention using mindfulness and brief advice for the reduction of tobacco use, anxiety, stress, depressive symptoms, and the improvement of self-efficacy. Method. This was a quasi-experimental study with 41 participants, and the treatment consisted of an intervention composed of two strategies: the protocol "Programa de Intervención Breve para Adolescentes que Inician el Consumo de Alcohol y otras Drogas" for the brief advice" while the Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy program was used for mindfulness. The intervention lasted 10 weekly sessions; participants received phone calls and were given an audio CD to perform the mindfulness practices at home and a work manual to conductself-records of consumption as well as guidance from reinforcement to help maintain motivation to behavior change. Results. The results show that these interventions were effective tools to reduce nicotine dependence (p=.001, d=1.14), the number of cigarettes smoked (p=.001, d=1.60), levels of cotinine in urine (p=.001), stress (p=.001, d=1.42), anxiety (p=.001, d=.90), and depressive symptoms (p=.001, d=.81), and increase self-efficacy (p=.001, d=1.48). Conclusions. The findings show that a multicomponent nursing intervention incorporating brief advice and mindfulness can be an effective treatmentfor people wishing to reduce or cease tobacco consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to determine the values and stress of conscience by prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and medical drugs use in the collective of nursing. Method: correlational descriptive study, the sample was formed by 547 students, 48 professors and 168 nursing professionals of clinical area. The instruments used were a personal data card the values questionnaire of Schwartz and the consciousness stress scale of Glasberg. Results: the indexes of terminal and instrumental values are higher in those with global prevalence (p=.001) and lapsic (p=.001) of alcohol use. In the same way we report a difference in the instrumental values with the current prevalence (p=.033). The terminal and instrumental values reported differences in those who presented current prevalence of tobacco use (p=.031 and p=.012, respectively). The stress of conscience differences were identified by the lapsic prevalence (p=.001) and current prevalence of alcohol use (p=.021). The stress of conscience by prevalence of medical drug use, differences were identified by global prevalence (p=.015) and lapsic prevalence (p=.031). Conclusion: values as well as stress of conscience have an important role in the use of psychoactive substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Alcohol consumption in adolescents is a public health problem that entails multiple health, economic, social consequences and even premature death. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of self-esteem, self-efficacy, prosocial behavior, age and sex, on alcohol consumption in school adolescents from Chihuahua, Mexico. Method. Study design was descriptive, correlational and transversal, with probabilistic sampling, the sample was 633 participants, 50.4% women and 49.6% men from four high schools. The mean age was 13.3 years (SD= .86). Results. The logistic regression models for the variables of age, sex, self-esteem, self-efficacy and prosocial behavior on alcohol consumption, showed that only self-efficacy and age were significantly associated with alcohol consumption, that is, self-efficacy was a protective factor, as it increases, the probability of alcohol consumption decreases, being more evident in younger adolescents. Conclusion. The study of protective factors is essential for interventions development that contribute to reduce or avoid alcohol consumption in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol consumption is a public health problem that affects work spaces. The purpose of the study is to know the relationship between labor factors (work environment, work uncertainty, work stress, spirituality, social support) and alcohol consumption in workers in the maquiladora industry. Correlational study in 307 blue-collar workers. The data were analyzed, the results indicated a positive and significant relationship between the work environment and alcohol consumption (rs = .25, p = .001); positive and significant relationship between job uncertainty and alcohol consumption (rs = .164, p = .004); Negative and significant relationship between work stress and social support (rs = -. 185, p = .001), a negative and significant relationship was found between work stress and spirituality (rs = -. 124, p = .030). A positive and significant relationship was found between social support and spirituality (rs = .191, p = .001). The Multiple Linear Regression Model was significant and explained 34.7% of the variance. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption is a behavior observed in the working population, the work environment and uncertainty positively influence alcohol consumption. Social support and spirituality showed a negative and significant relationship with work stress and can act as protective factors against alcohol consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Violence against women is a public health problem with serious health consequences affecting women of all races, cultures, socioeconomic or educational levels, is causing untold suffering, harms families across generations, and impoverishes communities, prevents women realize their potential, restricts economic growth and undermines development, when it comes to violence against women, no civilized societies. Objective. To determine the level of self-esteem and its relationship to violence against women. Material and methods. A descriptive, correlational cross was systematic random sampling of one in three, with a sample size of 120 beneficiaries who attended the outpatient unit of a military hospital, the variables were measured with two instruments: Violence Against Women developed by WHO and Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale. Results. The mean age was 18 to 32 years, 38% said it had studied high school, more than half of the sample (67%) are married, most are housewives (83%). The 60.2% had high self esteem. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed significant negative and self-esteem to psychological violence (rs = -1.85, p = 0.043). Conclusions. Psychological violence experienced by women is what occurs most often over the physical and sexual. Women victims of violence through their self-esteem, they feel unsuccessful, worthless or good for nothing, so it follows that the more violence lower self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this s tudy is to determine relationship between the perception of ethical climate, moral stress and work-related stress. The design was descriptive correlational, and the sampling was census-type with a total sample of 106 participants (80 nursing professionals and 26 doctors). Results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the ethical climate and work-related stress (rs =-.326, p<.01). An additional finding was that the ethical climate predicts work-related stress, both in doctors and in nurses (R²=7.9, p=.004). Scientific evidence found in this study confirms that bioethics as a science should be a competence required for all health professionals and, in particular nurses due to the ethical and moral challenges faced in their professional practice, especially in critical areas due to the policies, regulations and resources they count on at the workplace. The ethical climate as well as the moral and work stress have to be considered by the health institutions, taking into account that they can have a negative effect on the doctors and nurses' health, which limits the quality of health care they provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol and tobacco use among young people with human immunodeficiency virus represents a problem due to its impact on their health. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among young people with human immunodeficiency virus. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample included 70 young people with human immunodeficiency virus registered in an outpatient center for prevention and care of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. A confidence level of 95% was used. Results: We found that 100% of young people had drink alcohol at some point in their life, with a harmful consumption of 95.7%. Similarly, 81.4% of young people had smoked at some point in their life, with a predominance of experimental smokers (50%). Conclusion: A high prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use was observed among young people with human immunodeficiency virus. Therefore, nursing interventions should be implemented with a view to effectively reducing, delaying or avoiding the consumption of these substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to know the differences, if any, in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents from urban and rural areas, and if self-esteem and self-efficacy are related to the consumption in these two groups of adolescents from secondary schools in urban and rural areas of Nuevo León México, from January to June in 2006. The study was based on the theoretical concepts of self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The design was descriptive and correlational with a sample of 359 students. A substantial difference was found in the consumption of tobacco among secondary students from urban and rural areas (U= 7513.50, p = .03). The average consumption in urban area was higher (X̄ = .35) than in the rural area (X̄ = .14). A negative and significant relation was found between the quantity of drinks consumed on a typical day and self-esteem (rs = - .23, p <.001), as well as for the quantity of cigarettes consumed on a typical day (rs = - .20, p <.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]