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Knowledge of biotic predator–prey interactions is essential for understanding the role of species in the food web; however, information on these interactions is scarce for most species. Our aim in this study was to gather information on the potential predators of two species of herpetofauna abundant in the rainforest they inhabit, the frog Craugastor loki and the snake Ninia sebae. For this, realistic models of the two species were placed, and monitored using camera traps, in 13 sites located in a forest fragment belonging to a private protected natural area in southern Veracruz in three seasons (dry, rainy and windy) in 2019. In addition, the temporality and seasonality of the events and some behaviours of the potential predators are described. The recorded events were classified into four categories: presence, interest, contact and aggression. For C. loki, 159 events of appearances of potential predators were identified (32 with interaction: 18 events of interest, 2 contact and 12 aggressions). The aggressions were carried out by the mammals Didelphis marsupialis and Peromyscus sp. In the case of N. sebae, 201 appearances of potential predators were identified (75 with interaction: 36 events of interest, 7 contact and 32 aggressions). The aggressions were carried out by 10 species (seven birds and three mammals). Bird predation events towards models of both species occurred during daytime while the attacks by mammals occurred at night. Agonistic behaviours included pecking, biting and urine marking, previously unknown. Events of each category were recorded every season. Our results indicate that C. loki and N. sebae may have more predators than were previously known, and suggest that these species can be an important food resource for different species of birds and mammals in the environments where they live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: acute respiratory distress syndrome by COVID-19 is a viral infectious disorder of systemic affection with a predominance of respiratory symptoms that in our country manifested itself in 16% of the severe form of the disease, which required treatment in care units. intensive. However, given the over-saturation of health services at all levels, therapeutic options are sought to slow the progression of the disease and thus avoid the need for these units. Objective: to observe the effect of colchicine as adjuvant therapy to glucocorticoid, on oxemia levels in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19. Material and methods: clinical records from the period from December 2020 to March 2021 were reviewed, from which clinical-epidemiological variables of 408 patients were obtained for descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: a greater hospitalization of male patients was observed in 65.9%, the most prevalent comorbidities were obesity and arterial hypertension, which increased the probability of COVID-19 disease with an OR of 1.7 and 2 times, respectively. The use of colchicine as adjuvant therapy to the glucocorticoid decreased mortality in severe forms of the disease (OR 0.17), increased the probability of discharge due to improvement (OR 5.22) and decreased the need for transfers (OR 6.65). On the other hand, it was found that awake prone ventilation is a protective factor in all groups (OR 0.36). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender dysphoria is the diagnosis included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, which refers to the marked incongruence that exists between the gender that is felt or expressed and the one assigned at birth. The discomfort generated by the incongruity can cause gender affirmation to be requested through hormonal treatment or surgical sex reassignment, which is expected to disappear such discomfort. However, not all people with gender incongruence manifest discomfort and when the discomfort exists it is not always of psychopathological characteristics (dysphoria), which for some authors represents gender affirmation for aesthetic purposes (correct the incongruity). There are reports of increased medical care for transgender people who request somatic transition, but in Mexico there are no standardized protocols for their care; it is only recommended to promote access to hormonal treatment and mental health services to transgender people who request it. The eventual inclusion of surgical management in the Mexican guidelines will require clarity of concepts and unification of criteria to select the cases that should enter the health system for treatment, which is why health personnel must be prepared to identify those who can benefit from the somatic transition. The presence of dysphoria and psychiatric comorbidity may be key elements when the evaluation is carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

24 substituted cyanocompounds and the corresponding anions obtained upon H+-abstraction from diverse positions were subjected to an electron density analysis with the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). All the electron densities were obtained at the B3LYP/6–31 + + G(2d,2p) level on completely optimized geometries. In accordance to experimental evidence, α-H+ abstraction is found as the most favored one (by at least 100 kJ mol−1 in all the tested compounds). The presence of additional resonance electron attractors reduces significantly the α-deprotonation energy, whereas this magnitude is quite insensitive to the inclusion of resonance electron donors. The electron density rearrangement accompanying the deprotonation is apparently in line with the predictions of the resonance model (RM). In fact, a significant part of the electron density gained by expelling the proton is transferred to cyano N and to other groups where significant resonance structures delocalize the negative charge. Nevertheless, some significant modifications have to be introduced on the RM picture when the QTAIM results are studied in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the work is to identify the priority areas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in companies in the eastern region of the State of Mexico. The information obtained from a survey was analyzed using non-linear canonical correlation (OVERALS). The study is limited to a set of companies in the eastern region of the State of Mexico that, without being a representative sample, is significant for our purpose. Work lies in the analysis of the companies in this region, as well as in the method used for the statistical treatment of the data. The central finding of the study would indicate that CSR is used by the companies in the region as a strategy for their models of business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show how the chemotactic model ∂tρ=d1Δxρ−∇x·(ρ∇xc)∂tc=d2Δxc+F(ρ,c,∇xρ,∇xc,Δxρ)$$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{\partial}_t\rho ={d}_1{\Delta}_x\rho -{\nabla}_x\cdotp \left(\rho {\nabla}_xc\right)\\ {}{\partial}_tc={d}_2{\Delta}_xc+F\left(\rho, c,{\nabla}_x\rho, {\nabla}_xc,{\Delta}_x\rho \right)\end{array}\right. $$introduced in Alejo and López (2021), which accounts for a chemical production–degradation operator of Hamilton–Jacobi type involving first‐ and second‐order derivatives of the logarithm of the cell concentration, namely, F=μ+τc−σρ+AΔxρρ+B|∇xρ|2ρ2+C|∇xc|2,$$ F=\mu +\tau c-\sigma \rho +A\frac{\Delta_x\rho }{\rho }+B\frac{{\left|{\nabla}_x\rho \right|}^2}{\rho^2}+C{\left|{\nabla}_xc\right|}^2, $$with μ,τ,σ,A,B,C∈ℝ$$ \mu, \tau, \sigma, A,B,C\in \mathbb{R} $$, can be formally reduced to a repulsive Keller–Segel model with logarithmic sensitivity ∂tρ=D1Δxρ+χ∇x·(ρ∇xlog(c))∂tc=D2Δxc+λρc−βc,χ,λ,β>0,$$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{\partial}_t\rho ={D}_1{\Delta}_x\rho +\chi {\nabla}_x\cdotp \left(\rho {\nabla}_x\log (c)\right)\\ {}{\partial}_tc={D}_2{\Delta}_xc+\lambda \rho c-\beta c\end{array}\right.,\kern0.30em \chi, \lambda, \beta >0, $$whenever the chemotactic parameters are appropriately chosen and the cell concentration keeps strictly positive. In this way, some explicit solutions (namely, traveling waves and stationary cell density profiles) of the former system can be transferred to a number of variants of the the latter by means of an adequate change of variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heating by microwave irradiation could be an alternative for cooking quinoa and improving its content of phenolic compounds, which have health-promoting properties. The goal of this study was to improve the bioaccessibility of phenolics content and antioxidant activity of quinoa using an optimized method of microwave irradiation. The best microwave irradiation conditions obtained by maximizing the responses were 100% irradiation power and 14 min of irradiation time. The predicted and experimentally validated values for total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were as follows: 686.46 vs 749.67 ± 36.62 µg GAE/g; 743.94 vs 803.37 µg QE/g and 4.20 vs 4.61 µM TE/g, respectively. At the gastric level, heating by microwave irradiation promoted the bioaccessibility (>100%) of total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, as well as gallic and coumaric acids, quercetin, and kaempferol greater. The heating treatment by microwave in quinoa could be useful to obtain new products with bioactivity potential at gastric and intestinal levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the innovations that occur at the technological level have caused various transformations in which the evolution of scientific work has been creating various areas of knowledge that address the problems of human beings from different angles. In the organizational field, the studies have been highlighted in what concerns innovation of products and services without detracting from the arguments in favor of knowing the real needs of the consumer, as mental processes that significantly support the various behaviors of this. Methodology: Narrative review of the literature on the neuroconsumer, to reveal the sense of the mental patterns of this one, based diachronically on the neuroscientific knowledge. A scientific mapping of documents on the neuroconsumer, brain dynamics, and emotions, period 2017- 2022 in high impact indexed journals: Scopus and Web of Science, was performed. The referenced structurally describes the bibliography, finding thematic axes. Results: The review evidences the link between marketing that is part of neuroeconomics and neuroscience as a novel vision that addresses the analysis of consumer behavior in a deeper way in the purchase decision process. Discussion and Conclusions: Two clusters were identified from the networked understanding: consumer behavior and emotions created in the brain. The interpretation of the findings highlighted the relevance of brain dynamics to the "hidden psychological traps" in making a decision and in the choice of a product or service. There is no evidence of research in this regard, only those linked to neuromarketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer in men is a rare clinical entity; similar to what occurs in women, its cause is little known and partially characterized. CLINICAL CASE: A 41-year-old male patient with a tumor located in the right breast, accompanied by mastalgia and galactorrhea. No symptoms B. In extension studies, anemia and abnormalities in the baseline laboratories related to known chronic renal failure were found. After extension studies, an intraoperative biopsy was performed, diagnosing infiltrating ductal carcinoma with a non-specific pattern. Due to a history of chronic renal failure, right modified radical mastectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy were given as treatment. Currently, after 2 years of follow-up, the patient is maintained with tamoxifen-based hormone therapy and is in a disease-free period. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer in men, despite being a rare entity, should be taken into account as a differential diagnosis to be able to offer a relevant treatment in a timely and adequate manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge about the biodiversity of Baja California has been obtained mainly from natural protected areas (NPAs), while some unprotected natural areas have been poorly studied. The Sierra Cucapá in the northeast of the peninsula is one example. The objectives of this study are 1) to integrate existing knowledge of bird, mammal, and reptile diversity in Cucapá from public databases, citizen science platforms, and information generated from fieldwork, 2) to identify the spatial distribution of records in the study area, 3) to compare the composition of vertebrate species of Cucapá with that of NPAs of northern part of the peninsula, and 4) to assess the biological conservation value of Cucapá. We obtained records of 150 species of native vertebrates (102 birds, 34 mammals, and 14 reptiles) of which 10 species of birds, four mammals, and seven reptiles are included in a risk extinction category. The different sources of information contributed in a complementary way to the species inventories. Large areas in western and northern Cucapá lack records. The total difference in species composition between Cucapá and nearby NPAs ranged between 58 and 69% for birds, 61 and 79% for mammals, and 69 and 87% for reptiles. The species richness of Cucapá, its particular species composition, the presence of species in risk extinction categories, and the number and size of unexplored areas indicate that this area represents an opportunity for biological conservation in the northern part of the Peninsula. This work provides compelling data for the protection of Cucapá. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown that exposure to nicotine and other drugs of abuse stimulate dopaminergic neurons in the mesolimbic circuit. Sustained activation of this circuit by prolonged exposure to drugs promotes locomotor sensitization. However, there are inconsistent reports about nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization when assessed among different developmental stages. We evaluated exploratory behavior on specific areas of the open field as an indicator of behavioral disinhibition and general locomotor activity as an indicator of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization, to further explore the mechanisms underlying behavioral adaptations to nicotine exposure in animals from different developmental stages. We found that while adolescent and adult rats are equally responsive to nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization, nicotine disrupts inhibition of risk-related behavior only in adolescent rats. Together, our results suggest that chronic daily exposure to nicotine promotes potentiation of its stimulant effects on locomotor activity. In adolescents, this effect is accompanied by a decreased capacity to inhibit risk-related behaviors under the acute effect of the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The statistical technique of categorical principal components analysis (CAPTCA) shows that self-employment as a driver in informal transport encompasses a range of forms of social exclusion in addition to informal employment. The data are obtained from a survey applied to 73 motorcycle taxi drivers. Theoretically, it is argued that the informal sector does not operate under the principles of the market, but rather has characteristics and is part of a multidimensional and growing social problem, social exclusion. Three main components were obtained that explain 80.5% of the observed variation. To conclude that the types of social exclusion that affect this group of workers are made up of at least: geographical exclusion, income exclusion, economic exclusion, exclusion from facilities and exclusion by time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People vulnerable to mental health problems during the COVID-19 outbreak include hospitalized patients and frontline health professionals; mostly reported discomforts include: insomnia, anxiety and depression. Under strict infection measures, non-essential personnel such as clinical psychiatrists and psychologists are strongly discouraged from entering isolation wards; therefore, frontline healthcare workers become the main personnel providing psychological interventions to patients in hospitals without knowing how to mitigate patient distress. Health personnel do not receive adequate care for due to lack of time, stigma associated with using mental health services and fear of unwanted intervention. Remote care tools such as tele-psychiatry and online psychological intervention have disadvantages for conditions requiring physical examination. The National Health Commission of China released guiding principles to reduce the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 outbreak recommending the creation of mental health teams. In this article we present the data obtained by a mental health team in a COVID-19 hospital of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, showing differences in emotional discomfort and diagnoses of mental disorders in patients in isolation and in frontline health personnel, suggesting the need for teams made up of psychiatry and psychology staff with face-to-face on site assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study mapped the different personal positions of Colombian adults regarding the determinants of the acceptability of political amnesties in post‐conflict contexts. A total of 380 Colombian adults between the ages of 18 and 80, living either in the capital or in rural areas (Cundinamarca and Chocó), were presented with 24 scenarios describing the situation of an amnesty applicant. They were composed according to a four‐factor schema: the personal willingness to be part of the rebel group at the time of recruitment, the quality of information the applicant was willing to disclose, the presence of an apology, and the level of punishment already suffered. Through cluster analysis, five qualitatively different positions were found: Never acceptable (20%), Almost always acceptable (13%), Depends jointly on the quality of information and repentance (45%), Depends on repentance and volunteering (8%), and Depends only on the quality of information (2%). The remaining participants (12%) did not express a position. For a majority of participants, whether they live in the capital or in rural areas, granting a political amnesty to a combatant is not unacceptable as a matter of principle. For those who believe that amnesty is possible, it must be deserved: the recipient must demonstrate that he or she no longer represents a potential danger to neighbors or future co‐workers. This implies that amnesties are granted on a case‐by‐case basis, after examination of each particular situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the well-posedness in the (weighted) energy space of a Schrödinger–Poisson model with additional chiral nonlinearity proportional to the electric current. More precisely, a unique mild solution of the nonlinear initial value problem is shown to exist globally in , for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a new species of plethodontid salamander of the genus Pseudoeurycea from the mountains of central Veracruz, Mexico. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by color pattern and morphological characters. The molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that Pseudoeurycea granitum sp. nov. is part of the Pseudoeurycea leprosa subclade and is closely related to Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata, Pseudoeurycea firscheini, and Pseudoeurycea lynchi. Known localities for P. granitum sp. nov. are mostly located in cloud forest fragments, with one from a shaded coffee plantation and one from an ecotone between cloud forest and pine–oak forest, all immersed in highly modified landscapes. This suggests the need to implement a conservation strategy in order to preserve the limited remaining habitat for this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, global well-posedness of the non-Markovian Unruh–Zurek and Hu–Paz–Zhang master equations with nonlinear electrostatic coupling is demonstrated. They both consist of a Wigner–Poisson like equation subjected to a dissipative Fokker–Planck mechanism with time-dependent coefficients of integral type, which makes necessary to take into account the full history of the open quantum system under consideration to describe its present state. From a mathematical viewpoint this feature makes particularly elaborated the calculation of the propagators that take part of the corresponding mild formulations, as well as produces rather strong decays near the initial time ( t = 0 ) of the magnitudes involved, which would be reflected in the subsequent derivation of a priori estimates and a significant lack of Sobolev regularity when compared with their Markovian counterparts. The existence of local-in-time solutions is deduced from a Banach fixed point argument, while global solvability follows from appropriate kinetic energy estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A derivation of the equation of motion satisfied by a prototype of the forward space–time Wigner distribution, that incorporates a Fourier transformation of truncated time shifts as compared with the standard Wigner distribution, is carried out in the case of a many-body system within the formalism of nonequilibrium Green's functions of quantum field theory. In particular, the single-particle equation found in López and Soler (2016) is recovered when the self-energy interaction effects are neglected. Then, a sinc-corrected quantum kinetic Boltzmann equation is derived that rules the evolution of the standard Wigner transform, which is shown to be reduced to the usual Boltzmann equation when only binary elastic collisions are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The steel strings of guitars suffer aggressive corrosion when exposed to human sweat. To mitigate this effect, in this research work guitar strings were subjected to cathodic protection by impressed current. To evaluate the corrosion, electrochemical techniques were used to determine the polarization resistance and the instantaneous corrosion rate, as well as the weight loss by gravimetric measurements. Microphotographs were also carried out to compare the corrosion status of the steel strings by stereoscopic optical and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Impressed current cathodic protection allowed the formation of iron oxides on steel guitar strings to be reduced by around 40%. Highlights • Guitar strings with artificial sweat are effectively protected by cathodic protection. • Mass loss due to corrosion is 40% lower for impressed current protected strings. • Rp is a quick and non-destructive method to measure the corrosion of guitar strings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the exercise of power in the organization from the perspective of the New Institutional Economics (NIE). For this, the exercise of power linked to the organizational structure is discussed as well as the differentiation between public and private enterprise given the different objectives pursued. From this perspective, the exercise of power within organizations is analyzed. These theoretical tools help identify property rights, contracts and transaction costs and institutions on which the exercise of power is based. From the foregoing, it can be concluded that the before mentioned institutions permit the appropriation of profits generated, the allocation of resources among alternative uses, the division of labor with their corresponding functions and hierarchies, as well as reducing transaction costs and gives certainty for the operation of enterprises. Thus, property rights and contracts reproduce the exercise of power in the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Z,Z’)-Diligustilide (DLG) or levistolide A is a dimeric phthalide isolated from Ligusticum porteri (Osha), the roots of which are used in the traditional treatment of many diseases including gastric aches. However, its action has not been completely elucidated. We analyzed the contributions of hydrogen sulfide and S-nitrosothiols to the action of DLG. Animals were pretreated with freshly formed in vitro nitrosothiol using Na2S and sodium nitroprusside to elucidate participation in the action of DLG. We also evaluated the production of H2S in vivo and in real time on the stomach via a specific electrode introduced into the stomachs of anaesthetized animals pretreated with DLG. Treatment with 10 mg/kg DLG increases gastric H2S production in vivo from 7.8 ± 0.81 ppm to 13.1 ± 3.01 ppm and prevents the decrease in gastric injury caused by absolute ethanol. In addition, it maintains endogenous concentrations of GSH and NO·. Exogenous S-nitrosothiols protect the gastric mucosa from damage, suggesting that the action of DLG might be associated with S-nitrosothiol and H2S formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of evidence has reinforced the central role of microbiomes in the life of sound multicellular eukaryotes, thus more properly described as true holobionts. Though soil was considered a main source of plant microbiomes, seeds have been shown to be endophytically colonized by microorganisms thus representing natural carriers of a selected microbial inoculum to the young seedlings. In this work we have investigated the type of culturable endophytic bacteria that are carried within surface-sterilized alfalfa seeds. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed the presence of bacteria that belonged to 40 separate genera, distributed within four taxa ( Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Firmicutes , and Bacteroidetes ). Nonsymbiotic members of the Rhizobiaceae family were also found. The evaluation of nine different in-vitro biochemical activities demonstrated isolates with complex combinations of traits that, upon a Principal-Component-Analysis, could be classified into four phenotypic groups. That isolates from nearly half of the genera identified had been able to colonize alfalfa plants grown under axenic conditions was remarkable. Further analyses should be addressed to investigating the colonization mechanisms of the alfalfa seeds, the evolutionary significance of the alfalfa-seed endophytes, and also how after germination the seed microbiome competes with spermospheric and rhizospheric soil bacteria to colonize newly emerging seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new methodology for the estimation of tyre-contact forces is presented. The new procedure is an evolution of a previous method based on harmonic elimination techniques developed with the aim of producing low cost dynamometric wheels. While the original method required stress measurement in many rim radial lines and the fulfillment of some rigid conditions of symmetry, the new methodology described in this article significantly reduces the number of required measurement points and greatly relaxes symmetry constraints. This can be done without compromising the estimation error level. The reduction of the number of measuring radial lines increases the ripple of demodulated signals due to non-eliminated higher order harmonics. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt the calibration procedure to this new scenario. A new calibration procedure that takes into account angular position of the wheel is completely described. This new methodology is tested on a standard commercial five-spoke car wheel. Obtained results are qualitatively compared to those derived from the application of former methodology leading to the conclusion that the new method is both simpler and more robust due to the reduction in the number of measuring points, while contact forces’ estimation error remains at an acceptable level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long time description of electrostatic Schrödinger--Poisson states, satisfying i∂tψ = - 1/2Δ...ψ + (C/|...| * ... |ψ|² + 1/2 |...|²)ψ, is provided in terms of a non-Markovian Wigner formalism through the choice of the simplest charge-preserving scale group, ψε(t, ...) = ψ(ε-1t, ...), in which the position variable ... ∈ ℝ³ remains unscaled while time t ∈ ℝ+ is sent to infinity as ε → 0. Typically, the introduction of this group of scale transformations leads to high frequency, time oscillatory states that may not converge in such a good topology as to deal with the nonlinear term. To overcome this drawback, the sequence of wavefunctions is Wignerized via the action of the so-called Ƭ-convoluted space-time Wigner transform. The main goal of this extended Wigner operator consists in producing an attenuating effect on the temporal oscillations as time grows, which in turn allows us to overcome the eventual lack of time compactness. In a certain sense, it transforms high frequency asymptotics into a low oscillating limit that allows us to find in a rigorous way the stationary Wigner--Poisson equation at the long time, as well as to recover some of the macroscopic features of the solutions to the original Schr¨odinger--Poisson problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indirect free kicks are relatively common in soccer and have the potential to change the outcome of a match. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of these kicks, to identify variables associated with success, and propose a model for optimal execution. We analyzed and coded 506 indirect free kicks taken in 64 matches during the FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil and conducted univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. Our results show very low success rates in terms of shots, shots between the posts, and goals. Nevertheless, 89% of goals scored from indirect free kicks led to the teams gaining valuable points. Determinants of success included a dynamic attack based on the creation and occupation of spaces and the intervention of up to four attackers. Our findings offer an interesting starting point for trainers to build on tactical strategies designed to improve free-kick performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Mitragyna speciosa and its extracts are called kratom (dried leaves, extract). They contain several alkaloids with an affinity for different opioid receptors. They are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of different diseases, as a substitute by opiate addicts, and to mitigate opioid withdrawal symptoms. Apart from their medical properties, they are used to enhance physical endurance and as a means of overcoming stress. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms underlying the effects of kratom on restraint-stress-induced analgesia which occurs during or following exposure to a stressful or fearful stimulus. Methods To gain further insights into the action of kratom on stress, we conducted experiments using restraint stress as a test system and stress-induced analgesia as a test parameter. Using transgenic mu opioid-receptor (MOR) deficient mice, we studied the involvement of this receptor type. We used nor-binaltorphimine (BNT), an antagonist at kappa opioid receptors (KOR), to study functions of this type of receptor. Membrane potential assay was also employed to measure the intrinsic activity of kratom in comparison to U50,488, a highly selective kappa agonist. Results Treatment with kratom diminished stress-induced analgesia in wildtype and MOR knockout animals. Pretreatment of MOR deficient mice with BNT resulted in similar effects. In comparison to U50,488, kratom exhibited negligible intrinsic activity at KOR alone. Conclusions The results suggest that the use of kratom as a pharmacological tool to mitigate withdrawal symptoms is related to its action on KOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender Dysphoria(GD) is a condition characterized by discomfort about the persistent feeling of incongruity with the gender assigned at birth. Although there are no conclusive epidemiological data, it is considered a rare condition. Clinical case: a 49year-old married man, college graduate, who began to say that "she was a girl" since childhood, preferred the opposite gender games and, eventually, dressed in female clothes. In adolescence the idea of sex change became persistent and, several years later, he started hormone treatment on his own. He was included in a multidisciplinary protocol at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, following a triadic care therapy: hormonal therapy,real life experience in the desired role, and sex reassignment surgery to the desired gender. Access to public health systems of persons with GD is difficult due to prejudice and discrimination against them, and to the insufficient development of programs for their care. We propose a multidisciplinary attention model for adults with GD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to show cooperation as the core of institutional and organizational evolution. For this purpose, use game theory and evolutionary theory of biology as a simile of what happens at the organizational and institutional levels. Concrete examples shown by the process of development of cooperation in institutions and organizations. We conclude that the processes of social and biological evolution are not equal; only comparable. The evolution of cooperation is expressed in four threads: adaptation, variation, selection and retention. The first two make possible the development and institutional and organizational change, in other words the institutional and organizational design; the last two allow stability and continuity, in other words allow the survival and reproduction of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gold millielectrode (GME) functionalized with a mixed (16-MHA + EG 3 SH) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was used to fabricate an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunosensor for the sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker, in human serum samples. To address and minimize the issue of non-specific protein adsorption, an organic matrix (amine-PEG 3 -biotin/avidin) was assembled on the previously functionalized electrode surface to build up an ordered and hierarchically organized interfacial supramolecular architecture: Au/16-MHA/EG 3 SH/amine-PEG 3 -biotin/avidin. The electrode was then exposed to serum samples at different concentrations of a sandwich-type immunocomplex molecule ( Btn Ab-Ag PSA - HRP Ab), and its interfacial properties were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Calibration curves for polarization resistance ( R P ) and capacitance (1/ C ) vs. total and free PSA concentrations were obtained and their analytical quality parameters were determined. This approach was compared with results obtained from a commercially available ELISA immunosensor. The results obtained in this work showed that the proposed immunosensor can be successfully applied to analyze serum samples of patients representative of the Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phase space description of Schrödinger dynamics is provided in terms of a quantum kinetic formalism relying on the introduction of an appropriate extension of the well-known Wigner transform, also accounting for time delocalizations. This "space-time Wigner distribution," built up in the framework of two-time correlation functions, is shown to be governed by a non-Markovian, integro-differential equation of convolution type. Its utility in investigating long time dynamics of quantum systems is also discussed and illustrated with some examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion state of steel guitar strings and their morphology were evaluated according to exposure time to artificial human sweat solution. The instantaneous corrosion rate was evaluated using polarization resistance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the strings' state due to corrosion in artificial human sweat solution. Modification of vibroacoustic parameters was analyzed: changes in harmonic content of sound were studied by means of the Fast Fourier Transform and spectrograms. The correlation between corrosion and acoustic measurements was established in the successive stages of corrosion. Thus, the strings' acoustic properties could be modified by means of controlled corrosion processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el presente estudio se caracterizó genéticamente al gusano cogollero colectado en 10 estados de México, mediante marcadores AFLP (Polimorfismo en la Longitud del Fragmento Amplificado). Se detectaron altos niveles de polimorfismo (98%), además el análisis de las relaciones genéticas y el índice de diversidad de los datos moleculares indicaron amplia variabilidad genética de esta especie. Se formaron dos grupos de genotipos de S. frugiperda en el dendrograma de las relaciones genéticas, confirmando la presencia de dos razas que podrían haber desarrollado diferencias biológicas y fisiológicas. No se observó la agrupación por origen geográfico, por lo que se concluye que la variación genética identificada se asocia más con la presencia de las razas maíz y arroz, que con el origen geográfico de los especímenes. La combinación E-ACT+M-CAC fue la más eficiente para estimar las diferencias entre especímenes y separar ambos grupos de genotipos de S. frugiperda, ya que tuvo los valores de MI (80.52), RP (112.27), y PIC (0.297) más altos, así como una correlación alta y significativa entre PIC y MI (r2 = 0.91, p < 0.05), y entre RP y MI (r2 = 0.99, p < 0.05). In the present study, fall armyworm collected in 10 states of Mexico, was characterized genetically, using AFLP markers (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). High levels of polymorphism (98%) were detected and the analysis of genetic relationships and diversity index of molecular data showed wide genetic variability of this species. Two groups were formed of the genotype S. frugiperda in the dendrogram of genetic relationships, confirming the presence of two strains which may have developed biological and physiological differences. No grouping by geographical origin was observed, so it is concluded that the identified genetic variation is associated more with the presence of corn and rice strains than the geographical origin of the specimens. The E-ACT+M-CAC combination was the most efficient to estimate the differences between specimens and separate the two groups of genotypes of S. frugiperda, because it had the highest MI (80.52), RP (112.27), and PIC (0.297) values, as well as a high and significant correlation between PIC and MI (r2 = 0.91, p < 0.05) and between RP and MI (r2 = 0.99, p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We revisit the product convolution semigroup of probability densities e c ( t ) , c > 0 on the positive half-line with moments ( n ! ) c and determine the asymptotic behaviour of e c for large and small t > 0 . This shows that ( n ! ) c is indeterminate as Stieltjes moment sequence if and only if c > 2 . When c is a natural number e c is a Meijer-G function. From the results about e c we obtain the asymptotic behaviour at ± ∞ of the convolution roots of the Gumbel distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a methodology to identify the presence of the environmental axis in educational programs in Bachelors in the Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Mexico. It is sustained on competencybased education and constructionism, due to they appeal to humanism to deal current problems. It is composed of four phases: committee conformation, theoretical and conceptual concerning analysis, construction and application of instruments on a PE, and identification of the cross-curricular theme level. Even though the proposed methodology is applied to the environment, it is feasible to adapt to other axes, such as human rights, multiculturalism, and poverty, relevant to the educational context of the state of Guerrero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the causes of dissatisfaction among residents is related to burnout syndrome, stress and depression. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicide risk symptoms and its correlation with mental disorders among medical residents over an academic year. Methods: 108 medical residents registered to second year of medical residence answered the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Suicide Risk Scale of Plutchik: at the entry, six months later and at the end of the academic year. Results: Residents reported low depressive symptoms (3.7 %), low anxiety symptoms (38 %) and 1.9 % of suicide risk at the beginning of the academic year, which increased in second measurement to 22.2 % for depression, 56.5 % for anxiety and 7.4 % for suicide risk. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the three measurements (p < 0.001). The prevalence of depressive disorder was 4.6 % and no anxiety disorder was diagnosed. Almost all of the residents with depressive disorder had personal history of depression. None reported the work or academic environment as a trigger of the disorder. There was no association by specialty, sex or civil status. Conclusions: The residents that are susceptible to depression must be detected in order to receive timely attention if they develop depressive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research project consists of a predictive analysis of the offensive transitions (defensive-offensive transitions) performed by the best European national football teams. The main aims in the research were to determine whether it is possible to predict the result of offensive transitions during a match and, if so, to identify which variables will determine those predictions. To tackle these objectives a logistic regression multivariable model was used. The sample consisted of 14 matches, and 743 offensive transitions during the final stage the Swiss-Austrian European Cup 2008. The use of this model enabled us to conclude that it is possible to predict the result of the offensive transitions performed during the match and, furthermore, to determine which variables enble us to make these predictions. The data show that we can foresee the final outcome of offensive transitions depending on the spatial configuration interaction beginning, as well as the team's tactical intention and duration. This information may be used by trainers to create performance tasks which may result in the appearance of these conditions in the team's offensive transitions, in order to automatize performance in the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing how a quantum particle interacts with its surrounding reservoir is derived from the Wigner-Fokker-Planck equation (WFPE) via stochastic (Nelsonian) mechanical techniques. This model can be reduced just to a logarithmic Schrödinger equation through a suitable gauge transformation that allows one to explore its steady state dynamics and makes its mathematical and numerical analysis more tractable. The transient behavior of the standard deviation from the mean position associated with its solutions is also studied numerically and compared with that stemming from the WFPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of the genetic diversity and structure of populations of Jatropha curcas in their postulated centre of origin will permit to identify genetic material useful for future improvement of the species. Although it is estimated that Mexico is the likely centre of origin and domestication of J. curcas, so far the “true” centre of origin still has to be found. A representative set of 175 accessions of J. curcas from nine central and southeastern Mexican states (Chiapas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Michoacán, Morelos, Yucatán, Guerrero, Hidalgo and Puebla), including toxic, non-toxic, and contrasting protein and oil content genotypes was used for diversity analysis by AFLP markers. The results indicate that Mexico has a high genetic diversity of J. curcas; molecular analysis suggests population structuring in the different states where this species is spread. The germplasm from Chiapas, where contrasting protein and oil content genotypes were detected, showed the highest genetic diversity and clearly varies from the accessions from the other states. This is probably the most comprehensive study of diversity of germplasm of J. curcas from Mexico, and together with previous reports on the genetic diversity, biochemistry, morphology and germplasm agronomics of J. curcas from Chiapas, suggest the likelihood that this area is the centre of origin for this species and that domestication took place in the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico, such as Veracruz, Hidalgo, Puebla and Yucatán, where genotypes with low or no phorbol ester content exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to analyze migrant experiences in México and United States of America (USA) about emotions lived during the migration process along with alcohol and drugs consumption. It was an ethnographic study with depth interviews, 19 in Mexico and 19 in USA. The analysis was phenomenological. The participants pointed out negative and depressive emotions, in connection with different consume patterns of alcohol and drugs, along the migration phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper sets out schematically the tax rules on bonds to guarantee mortgage loans under our legal system, distinguishing a variety of scenarios and stressing one particularly controversial case: the taxation on a bond established on the occasion of the novation or subrogation of a mortgage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Fruits of Ternstroemia sylvatica Schltdl. and Cham. (Theaceae) are used in Mexican traditional medicine to alleviate anxiety, sleep disorders and seizures; however, the active principles have not been identified. Objective: To identify the neuroactive principles of T. sylvatica fruits using neuropharmacological tests on mice. Materials and methods: The methanol and aqueous extracts of pericarp or seeds of T. sylvatica fruits were intraperitoneally administered (1-562 mg/kg, single doses) to mice. The exploratory cylinder, hole board, open field, Rota-rod and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis tests were used to evaluate the CNS depressant effect after 30 min single administration of extracts. From aqueous seeds extract, triterpene glycoside 28- O-[β- l-6-rhamnopyranosyl]-R1-barrigenol was isolated an active compound. Results: Crude extracts of T. sylvatica fruits, separated from seed and pericarp, showed sedative effect in mice. The aqueous (ED50 = 4.9 ± 0.8 mg/kg) seed extracts is the most active among them. This extract also decrease locomotor activity and disrupt motor coordination of mice. This extract was also the most toxic extract (LD50 = 5.0 ± 1.4 mg/kg; i.p.). The triterpene glycoside 28- O-[β- l-6-rhamnopyranosyl]-R1-barrigenol was identified in this extract as one of the active sedative compounds (ED50 = 0.12 ± 0.01 mg/kg) also with toxic effect (LD50 = 1.11 ± 0.23 mg/kg). Conclusion: The results suggest that T. sylvatica fruits has toxic activity rather than CNS depressant activity in mice and that this effect might be related to the presence of 28- O-[β- l-6-rhamnopyranosyl]-R1-barrigenol, one of the active principles of T. sylvatica fruits with sedative and toxic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally occurring cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) have been considered as promising candidates to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria to animals and humans. This assumption is based on their mechanism of action, which is mainly performed through electrostatic membrane interactions. Unfortunately, the rise in the reports that describe bacterial resistance to CAMPs has redefined their role as therapeutic agents. In this review, we describe the state of the art of the most common resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria to CAMPs, making special emphasis on resistance selection. Considering most of the resistance mechanisms here reviewed, the emergence of resistance is unlikely in the short term, however we also described evidences that show the evolution of resistance to CAMPs, reevaluating their use as good antibacterial agents. Finally, the knowledge related to the description of CAMP resistance mechanisms may provide useful information for improving strategies to control infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Due to the chemical and physical properties of castor oil (Ricinus communis) that make it a valuable raw material for numerous industrial applications, including the production of biofuel, interest to develop more and better varieties has been increased. However, despite this interest, México does not currently have any varieties of enhanced castor for which yield and adaptation have been optimized to justify sizeable production. Although some varieties have been introduced, there are problems with adaptation. Given the need to develop castor bean varieties with outstanding agronomic characteristics and good adaptation, a collection of local R. communis seeds has been initiated. However, there has been wide phenotypic variation among collections. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and genetic relationships among accessions of R. communis from the state of Chiapas, México using AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. In this research 53% of the AFLP markers were polymorphic; additionally, we detected high levels of genetic diversity (71%). The combinations E-AAC+M-CAG and E-ACG+M-CAG presented a PIC value of 0.415 and 0.425 and an RP of 41.98 and 46.11, respectively, indicating that these combinations are useful in studies of genetic characterization. Additionally, 100% of the SSR primers were polymorphic, with an average of 5.5 alleles per locus. The SSR primer Rco23 generated a PIC value of 0.812, an SI of 1.919 and four uncommon alleles (0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.07), indicating that this SSR primer was particularly informative for this study. A dendrogram was generated with the markers obtained from these studies, allowing for the identification of two main groups of accessions. Collectively, these studies will allow for the development of at least two different populations through the recombination of genotypes by genetic similarity and will provide a foundation for the breeding program. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The coastal lagoons have an important function in the regulation of the biogeochemical cycles and supply of natural resources for the entire region, which are highly valued by the population. Our research presents a socio-environmental analysis of the Tres Palos Lagoon, Guerrero, with a socio-ecosystem approach, based on a workshop to fill out the structural analysis matrix and an expert judgment. The information obtained was analyzed with the methods of structural analysis and the MICMAC tool. We identified the variables with the greatest influence and dependence on the system; environmental education stood out as a highly determinant, and quality of life, solid waste, social capital, and deforestation stood out as dependent variables. The findings indicate that the origin of the socio-environmental deterioration of the area lies in the corruption of the authorities and in weak governance and governability. Las lagunas costeras tienen una función importante en la regulación de ciclos biogeoquímicos y en el suministro de recursos naturales a escala regional, los cuales son altamente valorados por la población. Nuestra investigación presenta un análisis socioambiental de la Laguna de Tres Palos, Guerrero, con un enfoque socioecosistémico a partir de un taller para el llenado de la matriz de análisis estructural y un juicio de expertos. La información obtenida se analizó con los métodos de análisis estructural y la herramienta MICMAC. Identificamos las variables con mayor influencia y dependencia del sistema; sobresalió la educación ambiental como altamente determinante, y destacaron calidad de vida, residuos sólidos, capital social y deforestación como variables dependientes. Los hallazgos apuntan a que el origen del deterioro socioambiental de la zona radica en la corrupción de las autoridades y en la débil gobernanza y gobernabilidad. Las lagunes côtières jouent un rôle fondamental pour la régulation des cycles géo biochimiques et pour les ressources naturelles régionales qui sont grandement valorisées par la population. Notre recherche présente une analyse socio-environnementale de la lagune de Tres Palos au Guerrero à partir d'une approche socio-écosystémique sur la base d'un atelier destiné à remplir une matrice d'analyse structurelle et une opinion d'expert. L'information obtenue fut analysée suivant les méthodes de l'analyse structurelle et l'outil MICMAC. Nous avons identifié les variables qui ont le plus d'influence et de dépendance sur le système ; l'éducation à l'environnement s'est avérée être un facteur déterminant, avec la qualité de vie, les déchets solides, le capital social et la déforestation comme variable dépendantes. Les résultats suggèrent que la cause première de la détérioration socio-environnementale dans la région réside dans la corruption des autorités et la faiblesse de la gouvernance et de la gouvernabilité. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic interrelationships between Latin America and South Korea are analyzed based on hypothesis derived from traditional and modem trade and FDI models. According to our estimations, four main conclusions are obtained: a) there exists a systematic trade deficit for most Latin American economies (LAE); b) bilateral trade is mainly concentrated on technological products by Korea, and on primary goods by LAE; C) Korea's FDI concentrates on mining and manufacturing; and d) predominant trade flows are mostly of the interindustry type rather than intraindustry. Furthermore, favorable and conflicting issues are identified which can help in the discussion for potential trade agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity has increased in the entire World in recent decades. The increased incidence has put in doubt the efficacy of weight-control programs; therefore the study of this phenomenon has been focused in psychological reasons that have influence in the response to those programs. The aim of this study was to explore what were the patient's motives in a weight-loss program. Methods: the qualitative method to analyze the experience was performed. The focus group included ten patients with one investigator as an active observer, and 12 weekly sessions. Results: We identified motives related with aesthetic that could benefit success, and unrealistic expectations that could lead to failure after the strategy was completed. Conclusions: the encouraging of certain motives could keep success of weight-loss programs. It is needed more qualitative research to support this conclusion and quantitative research to confirm it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In simulations of some economic gas-like models, the asymptotic regime shows an exponential wealth distribution, independently of the initial wealth distribution given to the system. The appearance of this statistical equilibrium for this type of gas-like models is explained in a rigorous analytical way. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

En los programas educativos de ingeniería, en las experiencias educativas relacionadas con el control de procesos, las matemáticas, gráficas, modelado, análisis y simulación de sistemas, juegan un papel básico para lograr las competencias necesarias que requiere un egresado. Sin embargo, en universidades públicas, principalmente por falta de presupuesto, existen carencias importantes en laboratorios, lo que afecta severamente el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Afortunadamente, es posible suplir estas carencias en forma virtual, enriqueciendo con ello el desarrollo de prácticas y el auto-aprendizaje, los laboratorios virtuales de matemáticas y simulación en web, ofrecen características innovadoras que merecen ser tomadas en cuenta. En este artículo describimos los recientes avances de Canihuá, el portal de laboratorios virtuales y simulación vía web, del Instituto de Ingeniería de la Universidad Veracruzana, para apoyo a la enseñanza de la ingeniería. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we make it mathematically rigorous the formulation of the following quantum Schrödinger–Langevin nonlinear operator for the wavefunction in bounded domains via its mild interpretation. The a priori ambiguity caused by the presence of the multi-valued potential , proportional to the argument of the complex-valued wavefunction is circumvented by subtracting its positional expectation value, as motivated in the original derivation (Kostin, 1972 ). The problem to be solved in order to find is mostly deduced from the modulus-argument decomposition of ψ and dealt with much like in Guerrero et al. (2010) . Here ℏ is the (reduced) Planck constant, m is the particle mass, λ is a friction coefficient, is the local probability density, denotes the electric current density, and is a general operator (eventually nonlinear) that only depends upon the macroscopic observables and . In this framework, we show local well-posedness of the initial-boundary value problem associated with the Schrödinger–Langevin operator in bounded domains. In particular, all of our results apply to the analysis of the well-known Kostin equation derived in Kostin (1972) and of the Schrödinger–Langevin equation with Poisson coupling and enthalpy dependence (Jüngel et al., 2002 ). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]