Search

The effect of cadmium ions introduced into fluorophosphate glass on the growth and photoluminescence (PL) of the CsPb1–xCdxBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) is systematically studied. The x-ray diffraction patterns have shown that cadmium ions are really incorporated into the NCs that results in a decrease in the lattice constant from 5.85 (x = 0) to 5.75 Å (x = 0.45). At the large cadmium content in the glass (x > 0.38), simultaneous formation of the perovskite CsPb1–xCdxBr3 NCs and the non-luminescent CsCdBr3 NCs in the hexagonal phase is found. It is also found that the lattice contraction leads to an increase in the bandgap energy and a noticeable shift of the PL band to the blue region of the spectrum (from 2.42 to 2.68 eV) with a drop in quantum yield from 85% for CsPbBr3 NCs down to 4% for CsPb0.55Cd0.45Br3 NCs. It is shown that the PL quantum yield decreases due to the formation of deep trap states, which manifest themselves as a PL band in the energy range of 1.6–2.5 eV at cryogenic temperatures. A simple model explaining the behavior of the PL band as a function of temperature in the range from 30 to 300 K is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a causative agent of the most harmful potato disease, late blight. The pathogenicity of P. infestans is associated with (a)virulence genes (Avr genes). Changes in the composition and nucleotide sequence of these genes lead to the emergence of new races of the pathogen, which affect potato varieties previously considered resistant. Therefore, to successfully combat late blight, it is important to study polymorphisms in Avr genes in populations of this pathogen. We conducted a large‐scale molecular and phytopathological study of P. infestans strains collected in European Russia. In this study, polymorphisms of 11 Avr genes were analysed using SSCP analysis and sequencing. The genes included Avr1, Avr2, Avr2‐like, Avr3a, Avr3b, Avr4, Avr8, Avr‐Smira1, Avr‐blb1, Avr‐blb2 and Avr‐vnt1. As a result, the allelic composition of Avr genes was studied and new alleles unique to Russia were identified in Russian populations of P. infestans for all studied Avr genes, with the exception of Avr4 and Avr8. The vast majority of the Avr1, Avr2‐like, Avr3a, Avr4, Avr‐vnt1 and Avr‐Smira1 gene sequences correspond to known virulence variants of these genes that avoid recognition by the corresponding potato resistance genes. The Avr‐blb2 gene was represented by approximately equal amounts of virulent and avirulent variants. Predominantly avirulent variants were found for the Avr‐blb1 gene. The Avr2, Avr3b and Avr8 genes were represented only by avirulent variants. Summarising the results of our study, we can conclude that the populations of the European territory of Russia differ from the populations of Europe and the USA in the allelic composition of virulence genes. We failed to detect a dominant clonal lineage in the territory of Russia, and the Russian population of P. infestans is highly diverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, skin blemish diseases of potato (including black dot (BD) caused by Colletotricum coccodes) have begun to be important for global potato marketing, since consumers often reject tubers with an imperfect appearance, which results in financial losses caused by the disposal of unwanted potatoes. Like for many non-fatal plant diseases, BD severity may depend on the immune status of plants influenced by other infectious agents. Using a set of 98 potato cultivars differing in their late blight (LB) resistance, we examined the correlation between the intensity of their infection with LB determined by their LB resistance and the occurrence of the BD disease under field conditions with a high background level of both diseases. Using LB-susceptible (Arizona) and moderately susceptible (Sante) cultivars, we also evaluated the effect of a crop protection against LB on BD development under the same field conditions. A strong negative correlation (r = −0.81, p < 0.05) between the LB resistance and the BD occurrence has been revealed. An experiment using the two cultivars, chemically protected against LB, showed a significant reduction in BD occurrence of 30% (cv. Arizona) and 20% (cv. Sante) compared to the untreated controls; the total yield and marketability of potatoes increased by 103.6 and 62.5% for cv. Arizona and by 65.9 and 43.8% for cv. Sante. The reduction in the LB affection of potato is one of the key factors improving the immune status of potato cultivars in relation to BD infection, so methods of LB protection should be included in a complex approach to BD control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applications of DNA-containing nanomaterials (DNA-NMs) in science and technology are currently attracting increasing attention in the fields of medicine, environment, engineering, etc. Such objects have become important for various branches of science and industries due to their outstanding characteristics such as small size, high controllability, clustering actions, and strong permeability. For these reasons, DNA-NMs deserve a review with respect to their recent advancements. On the other hand, precise cluster control, targeted drug distribution in vivo, and cellular micro-nano operation remain as problems. This review summarizes the recent progress in DNA-NMs and their crossover and integration into multiple disciplines (including in vivo/in vitro, microcircles excisions, and plasmid oligomers). We hope that this review will motivate relevant practitioners to generate new research perspectives and boost the advancement of nanomanipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing new photocatalysts based on metal oxide semiconductors for dye degradation under sunlight irradiation is an expanding area of research. These studies mainly focus on efficiency enhancement by controlling the morphology and crystalline structures, lowering the bandgap energy, and adding co-catalysts. Here we describe the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth niobate nanostructures (BiNbO 4) and its decoration with silver nanoparticles through an in situ microwave-assisted reflux synthesis. The resultant catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance, zeta power and electrochemistry. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by quantifying hydroxyl and superoxide radicals generated by holes and electrons photogenerated on the catalyst surface, respectively, and through the degradation of Rhodamine B. The studies revealed that the crystalline structure strongly depends on the irradiation conditions, forming a mixture of triclinic and orthorhombic BiNbO 4. Also, the decoration method results in the formation of metallic Ag, AgO and Ag 2 O. As a result, the catalyst formed by BiNbO 4 synthesized at 150 °C and 550 W irradiation power, decorated with silver nanoparticles, showed the highest photocatalytic activity (32.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with a new type of inverse spectral problems for second‐order quadratic differential pencils when one of the boundary conditions involves arbitrary entire functions of the spectral parameter. Although various aspects of the inverse spectral theory for the pencils have been of a special interest during the last decades, such settings were considered before only in the particular case of a Sturm–Liouville equation. We develop an approach covering also the quadratic dependence on the spectral parameter in the differential equation, which is based on the completeness and basisness of certain functional systems. By this approach, we obtain a uniqueness theorem and an algorithm for solving the inverse problem along with sufficient properties of the mentioned systems. The presented results give a universal tool for studying a number of important specific situations, including various Hochstadt–Lieberman‐type inverse problems both on an interval and on geometrical graphs, which is illustrated as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/Purpose The main purpose is to study the experience of using virtual team building as a means of forming educational and research teams in the context of the development of online education and its effect among students and teachers of higher educational institutions. Background Methods ensuring effective engagement of students in learning are critical to the success of online education. The most obvious problems in higher educational institutions are procrastination, academic dishonesty due to easy access to electronic resources, decreased attendance, and insufficient interaction between teachers and students. Methodology The research methodology is based on an empirical approach, which is a research survey using a questionnaire to collect data based on closed-ended questions. For quantitative analysis, the independent sample t-test was used. The survey was conducted among students and teachers of two educational institutions in the Russian Federation. Contribution This study is of practical and scientific importance as it can contribute to the introduction of virtual team building in the modern education system. Findings Based on the analysis of the data obtained, it can be concluded that students and teachers approximately equally assess the impact of team building on the ability to get to know each other better, improve communication skills, and psychoemotional intimacy. Despite the need and sometimes no alternative to virtual team building (for example, during a pandemic), half of the sample of students (50.8%) agreed that team building was more effective in an offline environment while 64.3% of teachers believe that the effectiveness could have been higher in the offline environment. The respondents assessed the positive effect of team building on their interest and motivation to study or work. Recommendations for Practitioners These findings can contribute to a broader and faster implementation of virtual team-building practices in the education system of the Russian Federation and other countries of the world. The results of this study can be applied by higher educational institutions that are interested in increasing team cohesion, interest, and motivation to study or work, as well as the creation of closer and trusting relationships, and an atmosphere of psycho-emotional safety. Recommendations for Researchers This topic requires more observations to verify the influence of student personality on the effectiveness of virtual team building in intelligent collaborative learning environments. Impact on Society The study highlights the importance of communication between the student and the teacher, as well as between students, as psycho-emotional well-being in the micro-society results in a better academic performance. Future Research Further research can be aimed at studying the difference in the effectiveness of team building in online and offline learning environments, as well as the impact of team building on the teaching staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious gestational complication affecting the life of a mother and child. The immunophenotype and gene expression profile of isolated blood monocyte subpopulations of pregnant women with PE have not been studied before. In this work, we assessed changes in CD14++ and CD16++ monocyte subpopulations in PE and physiological pregnancy (n = 33). Immunophenotyping, immunomagnetic sorting of monocytes and analysis of the transcriptional profile of their genes were carried out. The percentage of classical monocytes was significantly lower, while the intermediate fraction of monocytes was significantly higher in late-onset PE compared to control. Transcriptome analysis of late-onset PE classical CD14++ monocytes revealed significant activation of inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways; apoptosis; regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress and others. The most suppressed signalling pathways were associated with T cell activation and selection. In CD16++ monocytes of late-onset PE cases, positive regulation of cell–cell adhesion, integrin signalling pathway, blood coagulation cascade were the most activated ones. The inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathway and p53 pathway were the most down-regulated in CD16++ monocytes. The obtained results indicate profound changes occurring to two most polar monocyte subpopulations in PE and their different roles in the pathogenesis of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies wave propagation in 1 D bimodular media. Four cases are investigated: two cases with an external step load applied to a prestressed bimodular rod and two cases with a sign-alternating pulse applied to an unloaded bimodular rod. Shock wave formation and energy dissipation are observed in two cases. Analytical solutions showing the distortion of a wave profile due to shock wave formation for all cases are derived. A method of suppressing an arbitrary tensile pulse in a bimodular rod by creating a compressive pulse is proposed. Validation by numerical modeling using a Godunov-type explicit difference scheme is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental changes may alter gene expression in depression and anxiety disorders through epigenetic regulation, including via small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and their major subclass, microRNAs (miRNAs). However, underlying mechanisms mediating miRNA regulation in response to changing environmental stimuli are unclear. Using the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) knockout (KO) mouse model of depression/anxiety, this study aimed to compare the effects of voluntary exercise (EX) versus chronic treatment with the stress hormone corticosterone (CT), on hippocampal miRNA transcriptome and proteome in five comparison groups: WT-SH vs. KO-SH; WT-SH vs. WT-EX; KO-SH vs. KO-EX; WT-SH vs. WT-CT; KO-SH vs. KO-CT. We hypothesized that treatment with stress hormone will result in miRNA and proteomics changes observed in genetic model of depression, while exercise will have beneficial effects similar to antidepressant treatment. Using high-throughput sequencing of miRNAs and mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches for protein expression, we revealed 337 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 67 proteins in 5-HTT KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) control mice in standard-housing conditions. After exercise, there were 200 DE miRNAs and 3 DE proteins in WT mice, and 20 DE miRNAs and 95 DE proteins in 5-HTT KO mice, while corticosterone treatment led to 168 DE miRNAs and 1 DE protein in WT, and 21 DE miRNAs and 21 DE proteins in 5-HTT KO mice. Serotonergic dysfunction (due to the 5-HTT KO gene mutation) induced altered expression of miRNAs and proteins involved in regulation of neurodevelopment, neurogenesis and neuroinflammatory responses. Treatment with the stress hormone corticosterone in WT mice activated pathways which were also found altered in 5-HTT KO mice, while exercise caused antidepressant-like effects. These findings suggest that functional 5-HTT might be required for the beneficial effects of exercise on miRNA expression. Our study is the first to explore how gene-environment interactions affect miRNA/proteomic composition in a mouse model of depression/anxiety, and extends our understanding of gene-environmental interactions underlying these affective disorders. • Chronic treatment with stress hormone corticosterone and exercise changed miRNA and proteomics profile. • 5-HTT KO mice have altered miRNAs/proteins involved in regulation of neurodevelopment, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. • Treatment with corticosterone in WT mice induced similar alteration exhibited by 5-HTT KO mouse model. • Exercise altered expression of hippocampal miRNAs relevant to inflammation, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. • Our study reveals miRNA/proteomics gene-environment interactions in a mouse model of depression/anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the microwave-assisted synthesis of heterojunctions based on bismuth niobate (BiNbO4) and tungsten oxide (WO3). These architectures have been used as photoanodes for water splitting under simulated AM1.5G solar light. We show for the first time that by controlling temperature and irradiation power it is possible to tune the fraction of orthorhombic and triclinic phases in BiNbO4 nanoparticles, with strong consequences on the photocatalytic capabilities of the resulting heterojunctions. XRD patterns show that lower temperatures and irradiation power favor the formation of triclinic BiNbO4 arrangements, whereas the morphology of WO3 films is straightforwardly controlled by the addition of weak acids in the reactional medium that enable the formation of wrinkle-rod or cube-like particles. The orthorhombic symmetry of BiNbO4 is shown to decrease the bandgap energy, whereas wrinkle-rod nanoparticles of WO3 provides a rough surface that enhances the interaction between the semiconductors. This strategy leads to heterojunction able to generate photocurrent densities more than one order of magnitude higher than of bare WO3 film. Our findings demonstrate that the microwave-assisted route is a very attractive alternative to directly control crystalline structure and ultimately the photocatalytic performance of bismuth niobate- and tungsten oxide-based heterojunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compulsive- and anxiety-like behaviour can be efficiently modelled in SAPAP3 knockout (KO) mice, a preclinical model of relevance to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although there is emerging evidence in the clinical literature of gastrointestinal dysfunction in OCD, no previous studies have investigated gut function in preclinical models of relevance to OCD. Similarly, the effects of voluntary exercise (EX) or environmental enrichment (EE) have not yet been explored in this context. We comprehensively phenotyped the SAPAP3 KO mouse model, including the assessment of grooming microstructure, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour, and gastrointestinal function. Mice were exposed to either standard housing (SH), exercise (EX, provided by giving mice access to running wheels), or environmental enrichment (EE) for 4 weeks to investigate the effects of enriched housing conditions in this animal model relevant to OCD. Our study is the first to assess grooming microstructure, perseverative locomotor activity, and gastrointestinal function in SAPAP3 KO mice. We are also the first to report a sexually dimorphic effect of grooming in young-adult SAPAP3 KO mice; along with changes to grooming patterning and indicators of gut dysfunction, which occurred in the absence of gut dysbiosis in this model. Overall, we found no beneficial effects of voluntary exercise or environmental enrichment interventions in this mouse model; and unexpectedly, we revealed a deleterious effect of wheel-running exercise on grooming behaviour. We suspect that the detrimental effects of experimental housing in our study may be indicative of off-target effects of stress—a conclusion that warrants further investigation into the effects of chronic stress in this preclinical model of compulsive behaviour. • We investigated grooming microstructure and gastrointestinal function in SAPAP3 KO mice, a model of compulsive-like behaviour • In the first gastrointestinal study of an OCD-relevant preclinical model, we found gut dysfunction in the absence of dysbiosis • We also identified sexually dimorphic grooming effects in young-adult SAPAP3 KO mice, along with changes to grooming patterning • There was no beneficial impact of exercise or environmental enrichment • In fact, wheel-running exercise worsened grooming behaviour, which may be indicative of off-target effects of stress [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resident macrophages of various mammalian organs are characterized by several distinctive features in their gene expression profile and phenotype, including involvement in the regulation of organ functions, as well as reduced sensitivity to proinflammatory activation factors. The reasons for the formation of such a specific phenotype remain the subject of intensive research. Some papers emphasize the role of the origin of organ macrophages. Other studies indicate that monocytes that develop in the red bone marrow are also able to form resident macrophages with a phenotype characteristic of a particular organ, but this requires appropriate microenvironmental conditions. In this article, we studied the possibility of differentiation of monocyte‐derived macrophages into cells with a Kupffer‐like phenotype under the influence of the main stromal components of Kupffer cells macrophage niche: Ito cells, liver sinusoid endotheliocytes and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). It was found that Kupffer cells are characterized by several features, including increased expression of transcription factors Spic and Id3, as well as MUP family genes, Clusterin and Ngp genes. In addition, Kupffer cells were characterized by a higher proliferative activity. The expression of marker genes of Kupffer cells (i.e. Id3, Spic, Marco and Timd4) increased in monocyte‐derived macrophages during coculture with Ito cells, liver sinusoid endothelial cells, macrophage colony–stimulating factor and HGF cells only by 3 days. However, the expression level of these genes was always higher in Kupffer cells. In addition, a complete coincidence of the expressed gene profile in monocyte‐derived macrophages and Kupffer cells did not occur even after 3 days of culturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most data concerning chromosome organization have been acquired from studies of a small number of model organisms, the majority of which are mammals. In plants with large genomes, the chromosomes are significantly larger than the animal chromosomes that have been studied to date, and it is possible that chromosome condensation in such plants was modified during evolution. Here, we analyzed chromosome condensation and decondensation processes in order to find structural mechanisms that allowed for an increase in chromosome size. Results: We found that anaphase and telophase chromosomes of plants with large chromosomes (average 2C DNA content exceeded 0.8 pg per chromosome) contained chromatin-free cavities in their axial regions in contrast to well-characterized animal chromosomes, which have high chromatin density in the axial regions. Similar to animal chromosomes, two intermediates of chromatin folding were visible inside condensing (during prophase) and decondensing (during telophase) chromosomes of Nigella damascena: approximately 150 nm chromonemata and approximately 300 nm fibers. The spatial folding of the latter fibers occurs in a fundamentally different way than in animal chromosomes, which leads to the formation of chromosomes with axial chromatin-free cavities. Conclusion: Different compaction topology, but not the number of compaction levels, allowed for the evolution of increased chromosome size in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent fundamental and clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of utilizing the potential of the immune system to remove tumor cells disseminated in a patient's body. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are considered the main effectors in cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Approaches based on antigen presentation to CTLs by dendritic cells (DCs) are currently being intensively studied, because DCs are more efficient in tumor antigen presentation to T cells through their initiation of strong specific antitumor immune responses than other types of antigen-presenting cells. Today, it has become possible to isolate CTLs specific for certain antigenic determinants from heterogeneous populations of mononuclear cells. This enables direct and specific cell-mediated immune responses against cells carrying certain antigens. The aim of the present study was to develop an optimized protocol for generating CTL populations specific for epitopes of tumor-associated antigen HER2/neu, and to assess their cytotoxic effects against the HER2/neu-expressing MCF-7 tumor cell line. Methods: The developed protocol included sequential stages of obtaining mature DCs from PBMCs from HLA A*02- positive healthy donors, magnet-assisted transfection of mature DCs with the pMax plasmid encoding immunogenic peptides HER2 p369-377 (E75 peptide) and HER2 p689-697 (E88 peptide), coculture of antigen-activated DCs with autologous lymphocytes, magnetic-activated sorting of CTLs specific to HER2 epitopes, and stimulation of isolated CTLs with cytokines (IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15). Results: The resulting CTL populations were characterized by high contents of CD8+ cells (71.5% in cultures of E88-specific T cells and 90.2% in cultures of E75-specific T cells) and displayed strong cytotoxic effects against the MCF-7 cell line (percentages of damaged tumor cells in samples under investigation were 60.2 and 65.7% for E88- and E75-specific T cells, respectively; level of spontaneous death of target cells was 17.9%). Conclusions: The developed protocol improves the efficiency of obtaining HER2/neu-specific CTLs and can be further used to obtain cell-based vaccines for eradicating targeted tumor cells to prevent tumor recurrence after the major tumor burden has been eliminated and preventing metastasis in patients with HER2-overexpressing tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first description of intrachromosomal fibers was made by Baranetzky in 1880. Since that time, a plethora of fibrillar substructures have been described inside the mitotic chromosomes, and published data indicate that chromosomes may be formed as a result of the hierarchical folding of chromatin fibers. In this review, we examine the evolution and the current state of research on the morphological organization of mitotic chromosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Space Weather Research Center (http://swrc. gsfc.nasa.gov) at NASA Goddard, part of the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov), is committed to providing research-based forecasts and notifications to address NASA’s space weather needs, in addition to its critical role in space weather education. It provides a host of services including spacecraft anomaly resolution, historical impact analysis, real-time monitoring and forecasting, tailored space weather alerts and products, and weekly summaries and reports. In this paper, we focus on how (near) real-time data (both in space and on ground), in combination with modeling capabilities and an innovative dissemination system called the integrated Space Weather Analysis system (http://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov), enable monitoring, analyzing, and predicting the spacecraft charging environment for spacecraft users. Relevant tools and resources are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19847-5. Correction to: I Scientific Reports i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19847-5, published online 14 September 2022 The original version of this Article contained errors. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we consider the inverse problem of recovering the Sturm–Liouville operator with frozen argument from its spectrum. In the case of irrational frozen argument, necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of the inverse problem remained an open question. Here, we give a complete answer to this question. For this purpose, we suggest a new unified approach to studying inverse problems for operators with frozen argument, which is effective in both irrational and rational cases. Applying it, we obtain new-type asymptotic formulae completely characterizing the class of sequences that can be the spectra of such operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we present recent additions to the visualization toolset offered by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC). Two suites of visualization tools are available that can address different needs during the analysis of model simulations of the magnetosphere that are provided by the CCMC. The online, server-side visualization allows the user to quickly browse through simulation runs and now can create maps of magnetic field line topology in the magnetosphere. The second tool, SWX, can be used on the client computer after data have been downloaded. With this second tool the user can interact directly with the three-dimensional objects that are being rendered. We present results from a simulation of a Flux Transfer Event that was performed at the CCMC using a magnetohydrodynamic model of the Earth’s magnetosphere with a high resolution grid focused on the dayside magnetosheath and dayside magnetopause. The simulation shows that the FTE that results from localized magnetic reconnection is a complicated three-dimensional structure that requires modern visualization techniques. Visualization techniques that are presented here allow the researcher to fully appreciate the complexity contained in magnetospheric simulation results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Environmental enrichment and physical exercise have many well-established health benefits. Although these environmental manipulations are known to delay symptom onset and progression in a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. A notable candidate molecular mechanism is that of microRNA, a family of small noncoding RNAs that are important regulators of gene expression. Research investigating the many diverse roles of microRNAs has greatly expanded over the past decade, with several promising preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the role of dysregulated microRNA expression (in the brain, blood and other peripheral systems) in understanding the aetiology of disease. Altered microRNA levels have also been described following environmental interventions such as exercise and environmental enrichment in non-clinical populations and wild-type animals, as well as in some brain disorders and associated preclinical models. Recent studies exploring the effects of stimulating environments on microRNA levels in the brain have revealed an array of changes that are likely to have important downstream effects on gene expression, and thus may regulate a variety of cellular processes. Here we review literature that explores the differential expression of microRNAs in rodents following environmental enrichment and exercise, in both healthy control animals and preclinical models of relevance to neurological and psychiatric disorders. • Stimulating environments and physical exercise promote brain health. • Experience-dependent changes to microRNA expression occur following environmental modifications. • microRNA composition is altered after environmental enrichment and exercise in healthy controls. • Changes to microRNA expression may underlie the benefit of environmental interventions in brain disorders. • microRNA-directed therapies are an exciting prospect in the future of precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant led to large-scale changes in the environmental situation. The purpose of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the morphological states of the dentition of individuals living in regions exposed to radiation to determine the groups at risk for the main classes of dental anomalies. We believe our results will support the development of a differentiated system for dental rehabilitation and follow-up of individuals exposed to radiation. The prevalence rate of dental anomalies was studied in 1,889 patients of both sexes divided by age in accordance with dentition formation stages and by regions of residence in accordance with the 137Cs soil-contamination level. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the number of patients with normal dentition for their age among those who had been exposed to prenatal radiation. A sharp increase in combined dental anomalies was revealed in patients who lived in regions with a137Cs soil-contamination level ranging from 555 to 1665 GBq/km2; concomitantly, multidirectional fluctuations were observed in the numbers of tooth and occlusion anomalies. Among the examined population, the most severe pathology of the oral organs was found in prenatally irradiated patients (born between April 26, 1986, and April 30, 1987). The prevalence of dental anomalies is interrelated not only with the level of radioactive contamination in the soil of the dwelling area, but also with the age of the surveyed individuals at the moment of the accident. • The prevalence rate of dental anomalies was studied in radioactive Cesium-137 soil-contamination level. • A sharp increase in combined dental anomalies was revealed in patients who lived in high contaminated regions. • The most severe pathology of the oral organs was found in prenatally irradiated patients. • The prevalence of dental anomalies is interrelated with the level of radioactive contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• One-pot microwave-assisted synthesis of tungsten-doped bismuth vanadate/tungsten oxide heterojunctions. • Photocatalytic activity of the heterojunctions was evaluated through hydroxyl radical quantification and photoelectrochemical experiments. • Correlation between photocatalytic activity and the band-edges alignment of the semiconductor that makes up the heterojunction. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4) is considered one of the most successful candidates to be used as photoanode for solar-to-hydrogen conversion. However, its relatively high recombination rates and considered low long-term stability limits its applicability. Doping BiVO 4 with tungsten and developing heterojunctions with inorganic perovskites has emerged as strategies to overcome these issues. However, the development of these materials requires plenty of time and energy. Here, we reported the development of a new synthetic method to prepare heterojunctions of tungsten-doped bismuth vanadate (using 1, 3 and 5 % in mass of W) and tungsten oxide. The heterojunctions were prepared in a one-pot microwave-assisted method that takes only 24 min. Photocatalytic efficiency was determined through quantification of the amount of hydroxyl radical, generated by the catalysts when they are irradiated with simulated sunlight, and through photoelectrochemical experiments. The heterojunctions showed enhanced photocatalytic activity, which was ascribed to the adequate alignment of the band edges potentials of the semiconductors. Also, the tungsten doping decreases the recombination rates. Both effects increase the photogenerated charges lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating interest in utilizing solar energy for photocatalytic applications to address energy crises has spurred extensive research in developing efficient systems. Monoclinic BiVO 4 is known for its superior photocatalytic capabilities; however, challenges like a high recombination rate and an unsuitable conduction band potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction limit its application. To overcome these challenges, doping BiVO 4 with W (WB) and forming heterojunctions with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) are promising strategies to reduce charge recombination and increase visible light sensibility. This study shows that the hydrothermal treatment of g-C 3 N 4 modifies its morphology and interaction with BiVO 4 and W-BiVO 4. Notably, our findings reveal a significant difference in the photoresponse between the combination of W-BiVO 4 with g-C 3 N 4 , produced upon hydrothermal treatment (MHWB), and the combination with g-C 3 N 4 produced without hydrothermal treatment (MDWB). The MHWB combination enhances the photoresponse by twice. Also, MHWB shows a higher activity for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline. Hydrothermal treatment of melamine prior to the calcination step produces g-C 3 N 4 with characteristics that improve its interaction with WBiVO 4. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Among flowering plants, genome size varies remarkably, by >2200‐fold, and this variation depends on the loss and gain of noncoding DNA sequences that form distinct heterochromatin complexes during interphase. In plants with giant genomes, most chromatin remains condensed during interphase, forming a dense network of heterochromatin threads called interphase chromonemata. Using super‐resolution light and electron microscopy, we studied the ultrastructure of chromonemata during and after replication in root meristem nuclei of Nigella damascena L. During S‐phase, heterochromatin undergoes transient decondensation locally at DNA replication sites. Due to the abundance of heterochromatin, the replication leads to a robust disassembly of the chromonema meshwork and a general reorganization of the nuclear morphology visible even by conventional light microscopy. After replication, heterochromatin recondenses, restoring the chromonema structure. Thus, we show that heterochromatin replication in interphase nuclei of giant‐genome plants induces a global nuclear reorganization. Significant Statement: The replication of giant plant genomes requires a global chromatin reorganization in interphase nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creative thinking and scientific knowledge are essential components of twenty-first-century learning. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of an inquiry-based interdisciplinary course of study, complemented by training that stimulates the development of creative and research skills. The main sample, which provided the most complete data set, consisted of 175 students. Participants filled out a questionnaire created by the authors and presented in Appendix A to get the participants' assessment of the characteristics of the training course. The analysis was carried out using the Atlas.ti software. The study of Pearson's correlation between the variables of the questionnaire, as well as the variables of the questionnaire and the estimates of the 'creative and search process' according to the results of the described analysis was carried out. A significant correlation was revealed between such factors as 'satisfaction with the training course' and 'usefulness of the training course' (r = 0.85), 'usefulness of the training course' and 'research process' (r = 0.72), 'satisfaction with the training course' and 'creative process' (r = 0.62). The research results can be implemented in colleges and universities to create specialised training courses or training elements in order to increase creativity and improve the scientific thinking of students with usage of electronic educational environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that the speed of elastic waves depends on the elasticity modulus, therefore in bimodular media the compressive and tensile waves run with different velocities. Due to this phenomenon, the parts of a one period sin excitation can either move away from each other or interact with each other depending on which part, compression or tension, was the first. The case when the parts of the wave are moving away is trivial because each part can be analysed separately. On the other hand, the case when the compressive wave overtakes the tensile one interacting with it leads to a nonlinear solution characterised by the formation of a shock front which is accompanied by energy dissipation and wave front distortion.In this study, we analyse a possible mechanism of energy dissipation during wave propagation in bimodular media in the absence of damping. A theoretical method of the evaluation of shock wave speed and energy dissipation is developed and compared with a numerical Godunov-type finite difference method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We document the geographic concentration patterns of Russian manufacturing using detailed microgeographic data. About 80% of three‐digit industries are significantly agglomerated, and a similar share of three‐digit industry pairs is significantly coagglomerated. Industry pairs with stronger buyer–supplier links—as measured using Russian input–output tables—tend to be slightly more coagglomerated. This result is robust to instrumental variable estimation using either Canadian or US instruments. Using Canadian ad valorem transport costs as a proxy for transport costs in Russia, we further find that industries with higher transport costs are more dispersed, and industry pairs with higher transport costs are less coagglomerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the problem of drug addiction is one of the main not only in healthcare but also in society, because it poses a serious threat to the life and health of the working-age population. Persons suffering from drug addiction, are characterized not only by severe disorders of the Central nervous system, internal organs, but also pathological changes in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. The results of studies indicate that persons suffering from drug dependence on opiates (mainly from heroin addiction) and taking methadone (a synthetic drug from the group of opioids used in some countries as substitution therapy in the treatment of drug dependence), along with the general toxic effects on the body, there are significant changes in the state of the dentition. The aim of the work is to analyze the results of oral fluid crystallograms in patients using heroin and methadone and to identify the features of crystal morphology depending on the substance used. For the first time, changes in crystal morphology were detected in patients taking heroin and methadone. The article presents the results of the analysis of crystallograms of oral fluid of patients using heroin and methadone, the features of their morphology, distinctive quality features, including the lack of crystal growth and rupture of its structure. It is noted that these morphological changes in the crystallization of oral fluid of drug-dependent patients identified for the first time and can be used for diagnostic purposes in dentistry to identify patients who use heroin or methadone. Analysis of the results of these crystallograms in the studied categories of patients allows to differentiate them depending on the substance used (heroin, methadone), which can be used in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, a large number of methods for caries prevention and treatment have been developed and implemented. However, the problems with the extension and development of this process are redoubling every year. Against this background, it is urgent to develop methods that prevent the development of this pathology. To date, long-term results of treatment of caries in the staining stage by infiltration have been obtained. This technique makes it possible to stop the development of the carious process at the spot stage by impregnating pathologically altered tissues with a methacrylate-based drug, which stabilizes the development of caries and creates conditions for the restoration of damaged areas. But the question of using Icon for the treatment of focal demineralization of enamel in the defect stage is still relevant. The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of enamel focal demineralization treatment based on the application of the infiltration method in combination with various restoration technologies. The research was conducted on 30 selected teeth, which were removed for various reasons and had not been previously treated endodontically. After mechanical cleaning of the tooth surface from the plaque on the vestibular surface of all samples was created artificial demineralization of enamel in the defect stage. A point defect was created on the vestibular surface of all samples within the demineralization zone using spherical boron. Then the infiltration with Icon (DMG) was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the teeth were divided into 6 groups of 5 samples each. The study revealed a dependence between the choice of filling material and the size of the prepared cavity. In cases in which the cavity is extensive, using composite materials with traditional consistency and compomers is preferable. If the cavity is small, then fluid materials (composites or compomers) can be used to restore the defect because these materials spread evenly throughout the tooth cavity due to their liquid consistency. On the experimental model, it was possible to establish the effectiveness of the combination of the infiltration method with Icon preparation and restoration with light curing filling materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progress in space weather research and awareness needs community-wide strategies and procedures to evaluate our modeling assets. Here we present the activities of the Ambient Solar Wind Validation Team embedded in the COSPAR ISWAT initiative. We aim to bridge the gap between model developers and end-users to provide the community with an assessment of the state-of-the-art in solar wind forecasting. To this end, we develop an open online platform for validating solar wind models by comparing their solutions with in situ spacecraft measurements. The online platform will allow the space weather community to test the quality of state-of-the-art solar wind models with unified metrics providing an unbiased assessment of progress over time. In this study, we propose a metadata architecture and recommend community-wide forecasting goals and validation metrics. We conclude with a status update of the online platform and outline future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato virus Y, an important viral pathogen of potato, has several genetic variants and geographic distributions which could be affected by environmental factors, aphid vectors, and reservoir plants. PVY is transmitted to virus-free potato plants by aphids and passed on to the next vegetative generations through tubers, but the effects of tuber transmission in PVY is largely unknown. By using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated PVY populations transmitted to potato plants by aphids in different climate zones of Russia, namely the Moscow and Astrakhan regions. We analyzed sprouts from the tubers produced by field-infected plants to investigate the impact of tuber transmission on PVY genetics. We found a significantly higher diversity of PVY isolates in the Astrakhan region, where winters are shorter and milder and summers are warmer compared to the Moscow region. While five PVY types, NTNa, NTNb, N:O, N-Wi, and SYR-I, were present in both regions, SYRI-II, SYRI-III, and 261-4 were only found in the Astrakhan region. All these recombinants were composed of the genome sections derived from PVY types O and N, but no full-length sequences of such types were present. The composition of the PVY variants in the tuber sprouts was not always the same as in their parental plants, suggesting that tuber transmission impacts PVY genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The reduction in next-generation sequencing (NGS) costs allows for using this method for newborn screening for monogenic diseases (MDs). In this report, we describe a clinical case of a newborn participating in the EXAMEN project (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05325749). Methods: The child presented with convulsive syndrome on the third day of life. Generalized convulsive seizures were accompanied by electroencephalographic patterns corresponding to epileptiform activity. Proband WES expanded to trio sequencing was performed. Results: A differential diagnosis was made between symptomatic (dysmetabolic, structural, infectious) neonatal seizures and benign neonatal seizures. There were no data in favor of the dysmetabolic, structural, or infectious nature of seizures. Molecular karyotyping and whole exome sequencing were not informative. Trio WES revealed a de novo variant in the KCNJ9 gene (1:160087612T > C, p.Phe326Ser, NM_004983), for which, according to the OMIM database, no association with the disease has been described to date. Three-dimensional modeling was used to predict the structure of the KCNJ9 protein using the known structure of its homologs. According to the predictions, Phe326Ser change possibly disrupts the hydrophobic contacts with the valine side chain. Destabilization of the neighboring structures may undermine the formation of GIRK2/GIRK3 tetramers necessary for their proper functioning. Conclusions: We believe that the identified variant may be the cause of the disease in this patient but further studies, including the search for other patients with the KCNJ9 variants, are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serious problems of conventional breast cancer therapy strategies such as drug resistance, severe side effects, and lack of selectivity prompted the development of various cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) devices. Due to its advanced technology, CAP can produce a unique environment rich in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), photons, charged ions, and an electric field, making it a promising revolutionary platform for cancer therapy. Despite substantial technological successes, CAP‐based therapeutic systems are encounter with distinct limitations, including low control of the generated RONS, poor knowledge about its anticancer mechanisms, and challenges concerning designing, manufacturing, clinical translation, and commercialization, which must be resolved. The latest developments in CAP‐based therapeutic systems for breast cancer treatment are discussed in this review. More significantly, the integration of CAP‐based medicine approaches with other breast cancer therapies, including chemo‐ and nanotherapy is thoroughly addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is accumulating evidence that mitochondria and mitochondrial STAT3 are involved in the activation of mast cells. The mitochondria-targeted curcuminoids Mitocur-1 and Mitocur-3 have been suggested to reduce antigen-dependent mast cell activation by inhibiting mitochondrial STAT3. The aim of the current work was to investigate the mechanisms of action of these mitocurcuminoids on mast cells and mitochondrial functions. The pretreatment of rat basophilic leukemia cells RBL-2H3 with Mitocur-1 and Mitocur-3 decreased antigen-dependent degranulation but did not affect spontaneous degranulation. Both compounds caused mitochondrial fragmentation and increased mitochondrial ROS. Inhibition of Drp1 prevented mitochondrial fragmentation induced by Mitocur-3 but not by Mitocur-1. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine inhibited mitochondrial fission induced by Mitocur-1 but not Mitocur-3. Mitochondrial fragmentation caused by Mitocur-3 but not Mitocur-1 was accompanied by activation of Drp1 and AMPK. These data suggest a distinct mechanism of action of mitocurcuminoids on the mitochondria of RBL-2H3 cells: Mitocur-3 stimulated AMPK and caused Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation, while Mitocur-1-induced mitochondrial fission was ROS-dependent. This difference may contribute to the higher toxicity of Mitocur-3 compared to Mitocur-1. The findings contribute to further drug development for inflammatory and allergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The poor ovarian response (POR) to ovarian stimulation significantly decreases the efficiency of assisted reproduction technologies. The genesis of POR is not well understood, and can result from various genetic and immune factors. Purpose: To determine the role of genetic (number of CGG repeats in theFMR1-gene) and autoimmune factors (anti-ovarian antibodies) in POR in IVF programs. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 150 infertile women were divided into the POR group (n = 65) and the group with a normal ovarian response (n = 85). All the patients underwent the detection of CGG repeats in theFMR1-gene by polymerase chain reaction, serum anti-zona pellucida antibodies (AZPA) and anti-ovarian antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The risk of POR was higher in patients with CGG counts > 34, but not in the patients with CGG counts < 26. The higher level of AZPA was found in the patients with the 26–34 CGG repeats compared to the patients with <26/> 34 CGG repeats. Conclusion: A higher number of CGG repeats in theFMR1-gene may be a risk factor of POR in IVF programs. Normal CGG counts in regard to ovarian reserve (26–34) suggest the autoimmune-driven POR. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The VNIIFBlight decision support system is intended to identify weather conditions favourable or unfavourable for the late blight outbreaks on potato. To provide an improved choice of fungicide treatment dates, we investigated the use of a standard five-day weather forecast based disease management decision support system VNIIFBlight as well as the use of information about the late blight resistance level of the cultivars used. The efficiency of this decision support system was compared with a seven-day routine program of fungicide treatments in the course of four-year field trials in Moscow region and six-year "virtual" trials in four regions of Russia, three regions of Lithuania, and single regions of Canada, Ukraine, Poland, and the Netherlands. According to the results of field experiments, in the case of a high infection pressure (2004 and 2008), yield losses caused by late blight in the untreated control made up 62% and 39%, respectively, whereas the losses for both compared schemes of protection did not exceed 8.2% for both years. In the case of weak disease development (2005 and 2007), for all studied treatments, including the untreated control, yield losses did not exceed 3%. In all years, the use of the VNIIFBlight decision support system significantly reduced the number of fungicidal treatments as compared to the routine scheme of protection; this reduction in 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008 made up 62, 50, 50 and 17 %, respectively. According to the results of "virtual" trials, the use of the VNIIFBlight decision support system reduced the number of fungicide treatments of susceptible and resistant potato cultivars by 50% and 60% on average, respectively, as compared with the routine program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the study which examined how bullying behavior in children of incarcerated mothers was predicted by both the positive and negative side of teasing, peer interaction and emotion regulation. It cites the three elements of teasing , namely, aggression, humor and ambiguity. It claims that a child's emotion regulation could serve as a protective factor against engaging in bullying behavior.

In the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), raising and reducing the function of Th17 and Treg cells, respectively, elicit hyperinflammation and disease progression. The current study aimed to evaluate the responses of Th17 and Treg cells in COVID‐19 patients compared with the control group. Forty COVID‐19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients were compared with 40 healthy controls. The frequency of cells, gene expression of related factors, as well as the secretion levels of cytokines, were measured by flow cytometry, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay techniques, respectively. The findings revealed a significant increase in the number of Th17 cells, the expression levels of related factors (RAR‐related orphan receptor gamma [RORγt], IL‐17, and IL‐23), and the secretion levels of IL‐17 and IL‐23 cytokines in COVID‐19 patients compared with controls. In contrast, patients had a remarkable reduction in the frequency of Treg cells, the expression levels of correlated factors (Forkhead box protein P3 [FoxP3], transforming growth factor‐β [TGF‐β], and IL‐10), and cytokine secretion levels (TGF‐β and IL‐10). The ratio of Th17/Treg cells, RORγt/FoxP3, and IL‐17/IL‐10 had a considerable enhancement in patients compared with the controls and also in dead patients compared with the improved cases. The findings showed that enhanced responses of Th17 cells and decreased responses of Treg cells in 2019‐n‐CoV patients compared with controls had a strong relationship with hyperinflammation, lung damage, and disease pathogenesis. Also, the high ratio of Th17/Treg cells and their associated factors in COVID‐19‐dead patients compared with improved cases indicates the critical role of inflammation in the mortality of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: PWS is challenging to diagnose prenatally due to a lack of precise and well‐characterized fetal phenotypes and noninvasive markers. Here we present the case of prenatal diagnosis of Prader‐Willi syndrome, which was suspected with whole‐genome NIPS. Methods: Whole‐genome noninvasive prenatal screening showed a high risk for trisomy 15. Amniocentesis followed by FISH analysis and SNP‐based chromosomal microarray was performed. Results: Simultaneous analysis of maternal and fetal samples with SNP microarrays demonstrated maternal uniparental disomy (UPD). Conclusion: The presented case is the first case of PWS described in detail, which was suspected by NIPS results. It demonstrates that the choice of confirmation methods concerning the time needed is crucial for the right diagnosis. We suppose that prenatal testing of UPD is essential for chromosome regions, which play a key role in the appearance of various gene‐imprinting failure syndromes like PWS or AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nonspecific immunosuppressive therapy for graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is often accompanied by severe side effects such as opportunistic infections and cancers. Several approaches have been developed to suppress transplantation reactions using tolerogenic cells, including induction of FoxP3+ Tregs with antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) and induction of CD4+IL-10+ cells with interleukin IL-10-producing DCs. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of both approaches in the suppression of graft rejection and GVHD.Methods: IL-10-producing DCs were generated by the transfection of DCs with DNA constructs encoding mouse IL-10. Antigen-loaded DCs from C57BL/6 mice were generated by transfection with DNA constructs encoding antigenic determinants from the H2 locus of CBA mice which differ from the homologous antigenic determinants of C57BL/6 mice.Results: We found that both IL-10-producing DCs and antigen-loaded immature DCs could suppress graft rejection and GVHD but through distinct nonspecific and antigen-specific mechanisms, respectively. Discussion. We provide data that the novel approach for DCs antigen loading using DNA constructs encoding distinct homologous determinants derived from major histocompatibility complex genes is effective in antigen-specific suppression of transplantation reactions. Such an approach eliminates the necessity of donor material use and may be useful in immunosuppressive therapy side effects prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Federal service for drug control in Russia, currently, 8.5 million people take drugs, including marijuana-6.2 million, synthetic drugs-1.5 million, and heroin-800,000 people. According to foreign and domestic literature, the population's consumption of narcotic drugs is continuously growing, especially in the youth and adolescence: in the structure of drug addicts, 20% are patients aged 9-16 years, 60% - 17-30 years, 20% - 30 years and older. Besides, many authors note the fact that even in young people with short-term use of methadone sharply increases the intensity of dental caries with subsequent rapid loss of teeth. Since 2005, the WHO has included the drug methadone in the list of essential medicines for the treatment of opioid dependence. However, according to the latest literature, the negative effect of methadone on the body as a whole, and dental health is much more pronounced than when taking heroin. Changes in the oral cavity when taking heroin and methadone in the literature are not covered enough, so it is considered relevant to study dental pathology in this group of patients. This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the adverse effects of heroin and methadone on the hard tissues of the teeth of drug-dependent patients. In patients taking heroin and methadone, there was a deterioration in dental status indicators. The main manifestations of taking narcotic drugs are the development of the carious process, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, violation of salivation, the formation and spread of chronic odontogenic infection. The negative effect of methadone is more pronounced in comparison with heroin due to the contact of the tablet form of the drug with the oral mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine ultrasonic and dopplerometric characteristics of chronic endometritis of women having reproductive problems before and after offered treatment. Materials: We have examined 56 patients (the first group) having morphologically verified chronic endometritis and 42 healthy women (the second group) without pregnancy and endometrial interferences in anamnesis. Everybody has been carried out common research such as anamnesis, general and gynecological examination, ultrasonography, dopplerometry. We have also conducted morphological and immunohistochemical research of endometrium's tissue and have taken bacterial seeding from uterine cavity. Patients of the first group received treatment, after this treatment, we have conducted the control ultrasonography and dopplerometry. Results: Women of the first group have disturbance of endometrium's ultrasonic structure and modification of bloodstream in the fallopian, radial, basale and spiral arteries. After the treatment, the patients with chronic endometritis have an improvement of endometrium's structure and thickness and in the characteristics of bloodstream. Conclusions: Each woman with chronic endometritis has a modification in ultrasonic and sanguimotory factors of endometrium. With the purpose of determination of the endometrium's state on stage of pre-gravity training sonography and dopplerometry are the necessary methods of research. Offered method is effective in the treatment of chronic endometritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]