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The aim of the research was to determine the correct way of the evaluation arising from sensory benchmarking, to measure the performance and reliability of the assessors, and to decide whether there is any difference between the different types of sensory methods.Two new techniques, the sensory benchmarking and sensory benchmarking with visual aids, were used with three replications and five assessors. These two methods were compared to that by prescribed in the Hungarian standard. The applied statistical method was random effects ANOVA, in the way as a standard Gauge R&R analysis is performed. The example used was the evaluation of colour of frozen peas.The data showed normal distribution, which was very a surprising discovery of the research, since according to professional technical literature they (being marks on an ordinal scale) are not supposed to be close to the normal distribution. However, this fact allowed using ANOVA for evaluation.The other result of the research related to comparison of the methods said that the sensory benchmarking method combined with visual aids showed more precise and reliable results. The reliability of the methods depends more on the training of the assessors rather than the number of the assessors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Due to often large variation in traits within and between populations, taxonomy of orchid species is problematic. in this study, we aim to assess the probability of sympatric speciation in mixed populations of nectarless Dactylorhiza incarnata varieties (incarnata, ochroleuca and cruenta). We conducted morphological, phenological and ecological measurements in five populations in Hiiumaa, western Estonia. in most populations, we did not find any differences to reveal genetic divergence between the varieties. In one population, however, differences in shoot and flower traits were found. This population also differed at the community level from the other four study populations. Composition of pollinator fauna on one hand, and the presence of rewarding companion species on the other, may cause selection to act towards different directions in different populations of nectarless species. In contrast to earlier studies with another nectarless orchid species, we found pollination success to be positively frequency-dependent, which may be caused by a stable pollinator preference for one of the varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]