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The roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), is known as a potential functional food source because of its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Apart from that, it is also used as a natural dye because of its red color. Antioxidant compounds in roselle flowers include neo-chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, routine, and isoquercitrin. The high content of these antioxidant compounds often causes color instability. For this reason, this research will analyze the effect of temperature and long storage on color changes and the antioxidant activity of a red roselle flower infusion. Storage conditions are carried out with three temperature variations, namely cold temperature (2-8℃), cool temperature (8-15 ℃), and room temperature (15-30℃), with a long storage of 8 days. The stability parameters used are color changes and activity as an antioxidant. Color changes were measured using a chromameter, while the antioxidant activity was measured by the IC50 value using the DPPH method. The principle of this method is that a purple color change reaction based, which fades, and then the inhibitory intensity against DPPH is measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was found that the color values have significant differences visible from the first day storage at the room temperature (30℃), cool temperature (11℃), and cold temperature (6 ℃). So, there was an influence of temperature and long storage on the color change of boiled red roselle flower calyx. A significant decrease in activity was seen on the first day storage at room temperature (30 ℃) and third day storage at cool temperature (11 ℃). Meanwhile, at cold temperatures (6 ℃), there was no significant effect on the reduction in activity from boiling red roselle flower calyx for up to 8 days of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chromatography is one of the analytical techniques widely used for the quality control process in the pharmaceutical industry. One of the analytical methods used in drug analysis is Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The analysis process of TLC can be performed using densitometry (scanner) or videodensitometry (videoscan). The principal analysis of densitometry (scanner) is based on the density measured from each spot on the TLC plate using a specific wavelength range, and videodensitometry (videoscan) is performed by taking pictures of the plate using a Visualizer at a specific wavelength. Objective: This review article discusses the application of densitometry and videodensitometry methods for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical products. Methods: This study was conducted using a systematic review method using the PRISMA statement from January to April 2023. Four databases were searched: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar with inclusion criteria: studies on thin layer chromatography analysis using densitometry and videodensitometry. Results: Based on the ten articles in this study, it is known that the active ingredient concentrations in pharmaceutical products can be determined using densitometry and videodensitometry. The statistical analysis results show no significant difference between the two methods' chemical concentrations of active ingredients in pharmaceutical products. Conclusion: TLC densitometry and videodensitometry is a valid methods analysis that can be used for quantitating the active pharmaceutical ingredient concentration in finished pharmaceutical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fungal diseases are not an exception to the current antibiotic resistance situation. Antimicrobial stewardship programs and high drug screening are two of the measures that are being used. Today, fungal infections are severe health problems. Utilizing plant-based natural compounds that are effective against various human pathogenic fungi is one method for preventing the issues associated with fungal infection. In this research, extracts are used as an option to treat patients with Candida albicans infection. The research aimed to examine the antifungal properties of an ethanol extract from Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke stem bark against C. albicans isolated from patients. Methods: This research used a microdilution method. C. albicans from patients diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The test sample is 70% and 96% ethanol extracted from P. laevigata stem bark. Data analysis used One-way ANOVA with a P value of 0.000. Results: The result showed that PLE-70 can inhibit the growth of C. albicans with the highest %inhibition for ATCC 14053, CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, and CP-4, respectively 36.39%; 37.51%; 38.66%; 45.78%; 84.87%. PLE-96 can inhibit the growth of C. albicans with the highest %inhibition for ATCC 14053, CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, and CP-4 respectively 17.49%; 17.77%; 29.27%; 34.12%; 38.42%. Conclusion: It was concluded that the ethanol extract from P. laevigata stem bark can inhibit C. albicans isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Temu giring, the rhizome of Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zipj ( C. heyneana ), is native to tropical regions, especially in Indonesia. It is traditionally used as a skin care, for cosmetic and body freshness, in Javanese and Balinese women, and has many other bioactivities such as antioxidant, anticancer and antiinflammatory. Aim of the study The purpose of this study was to determine the antiaging activity of C. heyneana to prove its traditional use. Materials and methods The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH free radical method, and anti-aging activity was examined using in vitro assays such as tyrosinase inhibitor and collagenase inhibitor. In vivo tests were performed by observing histomorphologic changes in rat skin exposed to Ultraviolet (UV) rays. The total curcuminoid contents and chromatographic profiles were determined by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) – densitometry. Results In all in vitro assays, all of the extracts showed a dose-dependent manner in the final concentration range from 62.5 to 500 µg/mL for DPPH assay and 31.25 to 250 µg/mL for tyrosinase inhibition and collagenase inhibition assay. Curcuminoid (CUR), the active principle of Curcuma genus shows antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitor and collagenase inhibitor activity greater than all C. heyneana extracts. The in vivo assay results showed that the topical application of the crude extract of C. heyneana produced significant improvement effects on the UV-induced skin structure damage. The total CUR content was correlated with the anti-aging activity of Curcuma heyneana . Conclusions The results show that C. heyneana contains antioxidant compounds and has potent anti-aging activity, indicating that it can be used as an anti-aging drug candidate or as a phyto-cosmeceutical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to investigate possible phenotypic variation profile of Marsilea crenata Presl. cultivated in water and in the soil, to find alternative cultivation techniques to fulfill the increasing demand for pollutant-free plants. Phenotypic profile was investigated through macroscopic and microscopic examinations of all plant parts, and phytochemical screening on the ethanol extract of the leaves using thin layer chromatography technique was conducted to detect the terpenoid constituents. Results showed a variation of phenotypic profiles in the macroscopic examination caused by different cultivation methods. Phytochemical screening showed spots of terpenoid compounds with different color intensity. No differences were found in the microscopic examination of the leaves, petioles, and stems. Since major profile changes did not occur, M. crenata is recommended to be cultivated in water as its original habitat by providing a better caring and quality of water. Due to its phytoremediation property, it is necessary to grow M. crenata in pollutant-free water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff., known as "handeuleum" in West Java and "Daun Ungu" in Indonesia, is traditionally used to cure hemorrhoids. The purpose of this study is to prove its effectiveness scientifically using anorectal histological parameters in Croton oil-induced hemorrhoid mice. In vivo tests were performed by observing histomorphologic changes in mice anorectal tissue induced by croton oil. In addition, in vitro assay was performed for evaluating antioxidant activity, astringency property, and hemostasis-associated activity. The antioxidant activity was measured using a DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents were also determined spectrophotometrically. The in vivo assay showed that the oral-topical combination use of the ethanolic extract of G. pictum leaves demonstrated significant improvement on the croton oil-induced anorectal damage better than the single application by oral or topical application. These results showed that G. pictum has potent anti hemorrhoid activity, especially for the combinational use of oral and topical administration. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Candida albicans is a type of fungus that can produce biofilms and may cause Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) disease. We investigated the effect of environment on biofilm formation of C. albicans patient isolates and ATCC 14053. Biofilm formation is influenced by several factors such as environments and nutrients. Objectives: To investigated the effect of environment on biofilm formation of C. albicans patient isolates and ATCC 14053. Methods: The samples using C. albicans ATCC 14053, C. albicans, which may form biofilms, was isolated from patient Dermatology and Venereology and Obstetrics and Gynecology from a hospital in Malang. TCP (A tissue Culture Plate) is the biofilm formation method used. Results: Biofilm formation took 48-72 hours at 25 °C and 96-120 hours at 37 °C. Based on the result biofilm formation of C. albicans is influenced by environmental factors and characterized by a high OD value. Conclusions: Biofilm formation is accelerated in temperature incubation needed at 25 °C for 48-72 hours, using biomass 107 CFU/mL, nutrition using Potato Dextrose Broth media and 1% glucose, and the solvent of 30% acetic acid to obtain acid condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue fever had been a global health problem for over five decades, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. It was caused by a viral infection that spread from mosquito to human. Natural sources had the potential to serve as an alternative therapy for dengue fever, such as Psidium guajava L. Its leaves contained several compounds and exhibited various bioactivities. This research aimed to explore the potential of Psidium guajava as an additional therapy for dengue fever patients. The method used was a narrative literature review that searched literature in primary data sources such as national and international journals through databases like PubMed and Scopus. The results reported that quercetin was one of the compounds found in Psidium guajava that affected dengue fever. It suppressed the intracellular replication of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) and inhibited ATPase in DENV-4. Additionally, quercetin also stimulated stem cell factors in bone marrow stromal cells to produce thrombopoietin, which functioned to regulate platelet production in the spinal cord. Thus, Psidium guajava had the potential and effectiveness to be used as an alternative therapy for dengue fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:: Photodynamic Inactivation is a method for inactivating bacteria using a combination of light and photosensitizer (PS) with the appropriate spectrum. This study aims to determine the energy density to reduce Methicillin Resistent Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria with the addition of turmeric extract as a PS. Methods: The samples were divided into 3 groups, namely T0 untreated control group, T1 laser diode treatment group, T2 laser diode with curcumin extract treatment group. Treatment uses a 403 nm diode laser with a biofilm life of 48 hours. Samples was treated with variation of irradiation time of laser 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, 120 s and 150 s. Results: The results of the absorbance test showed that the uptake of turmeric extract on the 403 nm diode laser was 95%. The results of the treatments showed that the 403 nm diode laser irradiation with an energy density of 13.56 J/cm² with the addition of turmeric extract to the MRSA biofilm resulted in a reduction percentage of 83.93% of the biofilm, greater than the 403 nm diode laser treatment with an energy density of 10.17 J/cm² without turmeric extract of 81.67%. So the addition of PS extract of turmeric increases the effectiveness of photoinactivation of biofilm bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 (Lp) fermented milk combined with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves against Streptococcus mutants has been studied. The preparation is potential developed as healthy food due to its nutritional value as well as its beneficial activities. The well agar diffusion method was applied for the antibacterial assay on nutrient agar media and local strain of Streptococcus mutants was used as a bacterial test. This species often causes infectious in the teeth. Effectiveness of the fermented milk and its combination with aqueous extract preparations against the bacterial test were assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the potency indication. The aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves was prepared as infuse like according to community daily consumption. Concentration of the extract used in the formulation was higher than the MIC. The result showed that the MIC of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and the L. plantarum fermented milk were 20% and 35% with growth inhibition zone diameter of 11.70 ± 0.28 mm and 12.02 ± 0.83 mm, respectively. The combination of fermented milk and aqueous extract was prepared in various ratio concentration (1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1). The optimum ratio of the combination was 2:8 with growth inhibition zone diameter of 16.53 ± 0.32 mm and the MIC value at optimum ratio was 45% with inhibition zone diameter of 11.90 ± 0.86 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The development of oral vaccine formulations has been widely investigated to overcome oral route problems. This research investigated the in vivo immune response of ovalbumin-alginate microspheres by uptake compared with a commercial oral vaccine product. Materials and Methods: Ovalbumin-loaded alginate microspheres were prepared using aerosolization. Ovalbumin antigen in vivo uptake was investigated in order to understand the distribution and uptake by Peyer's plaque (PP) after oral administration using fluorescence microscopy. The histopathology of ovalbumin-alginate microspheres in the liver and kidney was also investigated. Results: The use of alginate microspheres to deliver vaccines could be a promising delivery system for the development of oral vaccines because uptake by PP is an essential step in oral vaccination. Conclusion: Fluorescence visualization revealed the uptake of ovalbumin-loaded alginate microspheres with and without lyoprotectant maltodextrin by PP was equal to the oral vaccine product and no liver or kidney damage was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) are native Indonesian fruits with numerous health benefits. This study used de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium for fermentation. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms obtained from fermented food or drink (Hamid et al., 2020). Probiotics and lactic acid bacteria, which are known to have various benefits, particularly as antibacterial, are among the active components identified in passion fruit pulp. Objective: This study examinedthe antibacterial activity of red and yellow passion fruits. Methods: Freshly collected passion fruit pulps were fermented in MRS medium in a shaker incubator for 48 hours at 24°C. The filtrates from the fermented broth were tested against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. The analyses applied the streak plate method and the total plate count method. Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of red passion fruit ferment filtrate against MRSA 10 and MRSA 11 were 50% and 60%, respectively, and of yellow passion fruit ferment filtrate against MRSA 10 and MRSA 11 were both 30%. Meanwhile, the MICs of red passion fruit ferment filtrates were 35% against ESBL 41 and ESBL 43 and 25% against ESBL 45 and ESBL 47, whereas the MICs of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. favicarpa) ferment filtrates were 25% against ESBL 41 and ESBL 43, and 12.5% against ESBL 45 and ESBL 47. Red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) ferment filtrates became growth inhibitors against the clinical isolates of MRSA and ESBL-producing bacteria with an optimal fermentation time of 24 hours and an optimal concentration of 75%. Conclusion: The results of this study found that the fermented filtrates of red and yellow passion fruits in MRS media could be developed as an antibacterial against MRSA and ESBL-producing bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Chemical investigation of the flowers of Cassia siamea (Leguminosae), resulted in the isolation of two novel tetracycles connecting 5-(2-hydroxypropyl)benzene-1,3-diol, cassibiphenols A (1) and B (2). The structures were elucidated by analysis of the 1D, 2D NMR, and HRMS spectra. Synthesis of a tetracyclic core of 1 and 2 led to determine the absolute configuration of 1 and C-12 of 2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Five new indole alkaloids, voacalgines A–E (1–5) consisting of a C-mavacurine type of skeleton with 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate moiety, a macroline-type of skeleton, or a macroline-type of skeleton with C6 unit, were isolated from the bark of Voacanga grandifolia. Their relative structures were determined by means of NMR data. Voacalgine A showed moderate cell growth inhibitory activities against HL-60 and HCT116 cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Seven new ajmaline type alkaloids, alstiphyllanines I–O (1–7) were isolated from the leaves of Alstonia macrophylla together with six related alkaloids (8–13). Structures and stereochemistry of 1–7 were fully elucidated and characterized by 2D NMR analysis. A series of alstiphyllanines I–O (1–7) as well as the known ajmaline type alkaloids (8–13) showed that they relaxed phenylephrine (PE)-induced contractions against rat aortic ring. Among them, vincamedine (10) showed potent vasorelaxant activity, which may be mediated through inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCs) and/or receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROCs) as well as partially mediated the NO release from endothelial cells. The presence of substituents at both N-1 and C-17 may be important to show vasorelaxation activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Three new picraline-type alkaloids, alstiphyllanines E–G (1–3) and a new ajmaline-type alkaloid, alstiphyllanine H (4) were isolated from the leaves of Alstonia macrophylla together with 16 related alkaloids (5–20). Structures and stereochemistry of 1–4 were fully elucidated and characterized by 2D NMR analysis. Alstiphyllanines E and F (1 and 2) showed moderate Na+-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1 and SGLT2) inhibitory activity. A series of a hydroxy substituted derivatives 21–28 at C-17 of the picraline-type alkaloids have been derived as having potent SGLT inhibitory activity. 10-Methoxy-N(1)-methylburnamine-17-O-veratrate (6) exhibited potent inhibitory activity, suggesting that the presence of an ester side chain at C-17 may be important to show SGLT inhibitory activity. Structure activity relationship of alstiphyllanines on inhibitory activity of SGLT was discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

isolation and structure elucidation of the new vobasine-iboga type bisindole alkaloid, voacalgine F (I) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Two Novel Tetracycles, Cassibiphenols A (I) and B (II) from the Flowers of Cassia siamea" by Jun Deguchi, Tadahiro Sasaki and colleagues are presented.

Compound (I) exhibits moderate cell growth inhibitory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]