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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) are widely used techniques in separation science. HPLC employs a liquid mobile phase to separate components based on their interactions with a stationary phase, making it versatile and applicable to various sample types. It offers different modes of separation and is known for its robustness. On the other hand, UPLC is an advanced version of HPLC that utilizes smaller particle sizes and higher pressures, resulting in improved resolution, sensitivity, and speed. UPLC is particularly useful in fields requiring rapid separations and high sensitivity. Both techniques offer various detection methods and can be combined with sample preparation techniques to enhance analysis. HPLC and UPLC find applications in pharmaceutical analysis, environmental analysis, food and beverage industries, forensic analysis, clinical diagnostics, and more. They provide high-resolution separations, rapid analysis, and versatile detection capabilities. The choice between the two techniques depends on specific analytical requirements and constraints. Overall, HPLC and UPLC continue to contribute significantly to scientific research, quality control, and industrial processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of drug delivery systems has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, driven by the need for more effective and targeted therapies. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer innovative solutions to overcome the limitations of conventional drug formulations, including poor bioavailability, off-target effects, and low patient compliance. This comprehensive review provides an overview of recent developments in NDDS, including nanoparticle-based systems, liposomes, micelles, hydrogels, and transdermal delivery systems. The review discusses key strategies employed in NDDS, such as targeted delivery, controlled release, and stimuli-responsive formulations, as well as their applications in various disease areas, including cancer, infectious diseases, and chronic conditions. Additionally, regulatory considerations, challenges, and future directions in the field of NDDS are explored, highlighting the potential of these technologies to transform drug therapy and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]