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This document is a retraction note for an article titled "Hybrid rough-bijective soft set classification system" published in the journal Neural Computing & Applications. The article has been retracted by the Editor-in-Chief and the publisher due to concerns identified during an investigation, including compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate references, and not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. The authors of the article have expressed their disagreement with the retraction. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Breast cancer is one of the significant tumor death in women. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) supports the radiologists in recognizing the irregularities in an efficient manner. In this work, a novel CAD system proposed for mammogram image analysis based on grey wolf optimizer (GWO) with rough set theory. Texture, intensity, and shape-based features are extracted from mass segmented mammogram images. To derive the appropriate features from the extracted feature set, a novel dimensionality reduction algorithm is proposed based on GWO with rough set theory. GWO is a novel bio-inspired optimization algorithm, stimulated based on hunting activities and social hierarchy of the grey wolves. In this paper, a hybridization of GWO and Rough Set (GWORS) methods are used to find the significant features from the extracted mammogram images. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed GWORS, we compare it with other well-known rough set and bio-inspired feature selection algorithms including particle swarm optimize, genetic algorithm, Quick Reduct and Relative Reduct. From empirical results, it is observed that the proposed GWORS outperforms the other techniques in terms of accuracy, F-Measures and receiver operating characteristic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today’s medical world, the patient’s data with symptoms and diseases are expanding rapidly, so that analysis of all factors with updated knowledge about symptoms and corresponding new treatment is merely not possible by medical experts. Hence, the essential for an intelligent system to reflect the different issues and recognize an appropriate model between the different parameters is evident. In recent decades, rough set theory (RST) has been broadly applied in various fields such as medicine, business, education, engineering and multimedia. In this study, a hybrid intelligent system that combines rough set (RST) and bijective soft set theory (BISO) to build a robust classifier model is proposed. The aim of the hybrid system is to exploit the advantages of the constituent components while eliminating their limitations. The resulting approach is thus able to handle data inconsistency in datasets through rough sets, while obtaining high classification accuracy based on prediction using bijective soft sets. Toward estimating the performance of the hybrid rough-bijective soft set (RBISO)-based classification approach, six benchmark medical datasets (Wisconsin breast cancer, liver disorder, hepatitis, Pima Indian diabetes, echocardiogram data and thyroid gland) from the UCI repository of machine learning databases are utilized. Experimental results, based on evaluation in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, are compared with other well-known classification methods, and the proposed algorithm provides an effective method for medical data classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in elderly patients who continue to live between 3 and 11 years of diagnosis. A steep rise in AD incidents is observed in the elderly population in East-Asian countries. The disease progresses through several changes, including memory loss, behavioural issues, and cognitive impairment. The etiology of AD is hard to determine because of its complex nature. The whole exome sequences of late-onset AD (LOAD) patients of Korean origin are investigated to identify rare genetic variants that may influence the complex disorder. Computational annotation was performed to assess the function of candidate variants in LOAD. The in silico pathogenicity prediction tools such as SIFT, Polyphen-2, Mutation Taster, CADD, LRT, PROVEAN, DANN, VEST3, fathmm-MKL, GERP + + , SiPhy, phastCons, and phyloP identified around 17 genes harbouring deleterious variants. The variants in the ALDH3A2 and RAD54B genes were pathogenic, while in 15 other genes were predicted to be variants of unknown significance. These variants can be potential risk candidates contributing to AD. In silico computational techniques such as molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and steered molecular dynamics were carried out to understand the structural insights of RAD54B with ATP. The simulation of mutant (T459N) RAD54B with ATP revealed reduced binding strength of ATP at its binding site. In addition, lower binding free energy was observed when compared to the wild-type RAD54B. Our study shows that the identified uncommon variants are linked to AD and could be probable predisposing genetic factors of LOAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary heart disease (CHD), a multifactorial cardiovascular condition, arises from the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries, resulting in compromised blood flow to the heart and complications such as angina, myocardial infarction, or heart failure. Addressing global prevalence, risk factors, and genetics is crucial for effective management. The current study aims to identify molecular biomarkers for CHD by scrutinizing the expression patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), utilizing various bioinformatic tools. In this investigation, a total of 24 samples underwent examination using the GEO2R tool. These included eight samples from individuals before treatment (GSM5434123–30), eight samples from patients after Dan-Lou tablet treatment (GSM5434131–38), and eight samples from healthy control subjects (GSM5434139–46). A suite of bioinformatics tools was used to detect enriched genes within the network, namely, Cytoscape (v3.10.1) and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). Functional analysis of the DEGs was conducted via clusterProfiler, a R-based package, and ClueGO. 182 and 174 DEGs corresponding to untreated and treated patient sample groups were functionally annotated for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) terms. ARF6 gene dysregulation was implicated in the myeloid cell apoptotic process (GO:0033028), regulation of actin cytoskeleton (hsa:04810), and other vital cellular functions. The myeloid cell apoptotic process (GO:0033028) was also observed to be regulated by the differential expression of the STAT5B gene. Additionally, STAT5B was found to be associated with the regulation of erythrocyte differentiation (GO:0045646). Providing targeted therapy based on the patient's idiosyncratic gene expression profiles could lead to the curing of various disorders in the near future. [Display omitted] • Key biomarkers and pathways in CHD patients were identified while comparing untreated and Dan-Lou-treated individuals. • Microarray expression profiles of GSE179789 were studied and significant DEGs were identified and functionally annotated. • Changes in PPI patterns were observed for STAT5B and CREB1 protein-coding genes. • Pathway analysis revealed the roles of STAT5B and CREB1 genes in numerous pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]