Search

OBJECTIVES: The study's objective was to audit current diet and disease management in a community-based sample of people with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: The study involved adults with type 1 diabetes and control subjects. Reported amounts of dietary intake were collected. Indices of diabetes control were determined by standard methods. Quality of life of both groups was assessed with appropriate measures. Results were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Mean HbA(1c) concentration was 8.5% (SD 2.21%) for women with diabetes and 8.6% (SD 1.91%) for men. There was no significant difference between the diabetic and control subjects in self-reported energy intake and macronutrient intake, with the exception that the contribution of saturated fatty acid to energy intake was higher in male controls than in male diabetics. There was no association between dietary intakes and glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and plasma lipids in patients were within normal range and not significantly different from the controls. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was higher in patients. Diabetic subjects did not have a diminished quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary management in these patients was generally focused on controlling carbohydrate intake. Most had suboptimal diabetes control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The study's objective was to audit current diet and disease management in a community-based sample of people with type 1 diabetes. Methods The study involved adults with type 1 diabetes and control subjects. Reported amounts of dietary intake were collected. Indices of diabetes control were determined by standard methods. Quality of life of both groups was assessed with appropriate measures. Results were compared between two groups. Results Mean HbA1c concentration was 8.5% (SD 2.21%) for women with diabetes and 8.6% (SD 1.91%) for men. There was no significant difference between the diabetic and control subjects in self-reported energy intake and macronutrient intake, with the exception that the contribution of saturated fatty acid to energy intake was higher in male controls than in male diabetics. There was no association between dietary intakes and glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and plasma lipids in patients were within normal range and not significantly different from the controls. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was higher in patients. Diabetic subjects did not have a diminished quality of life. Conclusions Dietary management in these patients was generally focused on controlling carbohydrate intake. Most had suboptimal diabetes control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Secondary coronary thrombus formation is considered to be co-factor in the pathogenesis of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Therefore systemic factors indicating a hypercoagulable disease state may be relevant for the process of coronary renarrowing. Even though experimental data suggest that in particular thrombin may be of major relevance for restenosis induced by mechanical injury, only little clinical data has been presented so far. Methods and results: In 60 consecutive patients, who had been clinical stable for at least 2 months, and who underwent elective and primarily successful PTCA, follow-up films were evaluated by means of quantitative coronary angiography in respect to a categorical and a continuous definition of restenosis, luminal narrowing >50% and late luminal loss respectively. Of the chosen laboratory variables prothrombin fragment 1+2 (1.3±0.5 vs. 0.9±0.4 mmol/l, p <0.001) red blood cell aggregation at low shear stress (13.5±2.9 vs. 11.6±2.8 units, p <0.05), and plasminogen-activator inhibitor (3.7±1.8 vs. 5.3±3.2 U/ml p <0.05) differentiated between patients with (n =18) and without restenosis (n =42). Late luminal loss correlated positively with prothrombin fragment 1+2 (r =0.41, p <0.001), plasminogen-activator inhibitor (r =−0.28, p <0.05) and plasmin–α2-antiplasmin complex (r =0.39, p <0.01). Conclusions: A hypercoagulable disease state and in particular thrombin generation characterize a high-risk group prone for restenosis in clinically stable oronary arterydisease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background Simple hand trauma is very common, accounting for 1·8 million emergency department visits annually in the USA alone. Antibiotics are used widely as postinjury prophylaxis, but their efficacy is unclear. This meta-analysis assessed the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo or no treatment on wound infection rates in hand injuries managed surgically. Methods Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Portal were searched for published and unpublished studies in any language from inception to September 2015. The primary outcome was the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on wound infection rates. Open fractures, crush injuries and bite wounds were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, and risk ratios ( RRs) and 95 per cent c.i. obtained. Results Thirteen studies (2578 patients) were included, comprising five double-blind randomized clinical trials, five prospective trials and three cohort studies. There was no significant difference in infection rate between the antibiotic and placebo/no antibiotic groups ( RR 0·89, 95 per cent c.i. 0·65 to 1·23; P = 0·49). Subgroup analysis of the five double-blind randomized clinical trials (864 patients) again found no difference in infection rates ( RR 0·66, 0·36 to 1·21; P = 0·18). Conclusion There was moderate-quality evidence that routine use of antibiotics does not reduce the infection rate in simple hand wounds that require surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]