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Rationale: Himalayan marmot oil (SPO) has been used for pharmaceutical purposes for centuries, but its composition is still unclear. The bioactivity of SPO highly depends on the techniques used for its processing. This study focused on the comprehensive lipidomics of SPO, especially on the ones derived from dry rendering, wet rendering, cold pressing, and ultrasound‐assisted solvent extraction. Methods: We performed lipid profiling of SPO acquired by different extraction methods using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography Q‐Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and 17 classes of lipids (2 BMPs, 12 LysoPCs, 9 LysoPEs, 41 PCs, 24 PEs, 23 Plasmenyl‐PCs, 10 Plasmenyl‐PEs, 10 MGs, 63 DGs, 187 TGs, 2 MGDGs, 3 Cer[NDS]s, 22 Cer[NS]s, 2 GlcCer[NS]s, 14 SMs, 14 CEs, and 6 AcylCarnitines) were characterized. Results: Fifty‐five lipids were differentially altered (VIP > 1.5, p < 0.05) between the extraction techniques, which can be used as potential biomarkers to differentiate SPO extracted by various methods. Additionally, the contents of oleic acid and arachidic acid were abundant in all samples that may suggest their medicinal values and are conducive to in‐depth research. Conclusions: These findings reveal the alterations of lipid profile and free fatty acid composition in SPO obtained with different extraction methods, providing a theoretical foundation for investigating its important components as functional factors in medicines and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to investigate whether intraoperative protection of the pharyngeal autonomic nerve can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative dysphagia following anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery (ACDF). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 130 cases that underwent ACDF from January 2018 to June 2022 at our hospital. Divided into nonautonomic neuroprotection (NANP) group and autonomic neuroprotection group based on whether receive protective measures for the pharyngeal autonomic nerve during surgery. General data were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated using Neck Disability Index, Japanese Orthopaedics Association (JOA) score, and JOA improvement rate. The incidence and severity of postoperative dysphagia were assessed using Bazaz dysphagia assessment criteria and swallowing-quality of life questionnaire. There were no significant differences in general data (P > 0.05). The average operation time and intraoperative blood loss also showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Both groups showed significant improvements in Neck Disability Index and JOA scores at all follow-up time points compared to preoperative scores (P < 0.01). The incidence of postoperative dysphagia in the autonomic neuroprotection group was significantly lower than that in the NANP group at all follow-up time points (P < 0.05). Both group showed a significant reduction in scores 3 days postoperatively compared to preoperative scores (P < 0.01), and the NANP group also showed significant reductions in scores at 3 month and 1 year postoperative follow-up time points compared to preoperative scores (P < 0.01). The adoption of pharyngeal autonomic nerve protective measures during ACDF can effectively lower the probability of postoperative dysphagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Treatment of adjacent segment disease (ASD) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short‐term efficacy and safety and to analyze the technical advantages, surgical approach, and indications of percutaneous full endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) in the treatment of ASD after lumbar fusion in elderly patients. Methods: A retrospective of 32 patients with symptomatic ASD were accepted for PELD from October 2017 to January 2020. All patients used the transforaminal approach and recorded the operation time and intraoperative conditions. Preoperative, 3, 12, 24 months of postoperative and at the last follow‐up, the pain of back and leg of visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Assessment Treatment Score (JOA) were performed, and the paired student's t test was used to the compare the continuous variables preoperatively and postoperatively. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to MacNab standards. The lumbar MRI was performed to evaluate the decompression of the nerve roots, and the lumbar lateral and dynamic X‐rays were performed to evaluate the stability of the surgical segment. Results: A total of 32 patients were included in the study, including 17 males and 15 females. The follow‐up time ranged from 24 to 50 months, with an average of (33.2 ± 8.1) months and an average operation time of (62.7 ± 28.1) minutes. Compared to preoperatively, the VAS score of the back and leg pain (p < 0.05), ODI (p < 0.05), and JOA (p < 0.05) postoperatively were significantly improved. At the last follow‐up, according to the modified MacNab standard assessment, 24 cases were excellent, five cases were good, and three cases were fair, the excellent and good rate was 90.65%. As for complications, one case had a small rupture of the dural sac during the operation, which was found but not repaired during the operation, and one case recurred after the operation. At the last follow‐up, there were three cases of intervertebral instability. Conclusion: PELD showed satisfactory short‐term efficacy and safety in the management of ASD after lumbar fusion in elderly patients. Therefore, PELD might be an alternative choice for elderly patients with symptomatic ASD after lumbar fusion, but surgical indications must be strictly controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A layered oxide cathode material (Mn@Ti-doped-Na 0.67 Ni 0.33 Mn 0.37 Ti 0.3 O 1.9 F 0.1) for sodium ion batteries was synthesized by the synergistic effect of doping and coating and showed remarkable high energy and long cycle life stability in sodium ion half battery. [Display omitted] • 1. The Mn@Ti-doped-Na 0.67 Ni 0.33 Mn 0.37 Ti 0.3 O 1.9 F 0.1 material is easy to prepare and have good repeatability. • 2. The synergistic effect of doping and cladding further improves the material capacity. • 3. Material has excellent performance at high current density. • 4. This material exhibits good capacity retention at long cycles. We propose a synergistic strategy of titanium doping and surface coating with a Mn-rich shell to modify the Na-rich manganese-oxide-based cathode material Na 0.67 Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67-x Ti x O 1.9 F 0.1 in sodium-ion batteries and elucidate the underlying mechanism for enhanced material performance. First, it is found that the electrochemical performance of the proposed cathode material can be effectively improved when the Ti doping amount is x = 0.3. In addition to doping, the cathode material coated with a manganese-rich shell was prepared by a liquid coating method. The as-prepared Mn@Ti-doped-Na 0.67 Ni 0.33 Mn 0.37 Ti 0.3 O 1.9 F 0.1 exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, delivering 169 mAh/g discharge capacity. The charge–discharge cycle test was carried out at a current density of 2C, and the sample not only provides a reversible capacity of 119 mAh/g but also has a capacity retention rate of 71 % after 500 charge–discharge cycles. The Ti doping and surface coating with a Mn-rich shell are shown to improve the specific discharge capacity, cycling stability and rate capability of the cathode material and mitigate voltage decay. These results validate our design principle and provide a novel approach to enhance the performance of cathode materials in sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A carbon superstructure material (PTA-700) was synthesized by a simple self-assembly method and one-step carbonization, and showed remarkable high energy and long cycle life stability in lithium/sodium ion half battery. [Display omitted] Due to abundant resources and low prices, biomass-derived carbons as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been widely reported. However, it is still a challenge to design a biomass-derived carbon material that has immunity to environmental influences, stable chemical composition and controllable morphology. In this paper, tannic acid (TA) as a precursor is first reported to synthesize rod structures with abundant mesopores and defects (PTA-700). These features can provide more active sites and space for lithium and sodium ions storage, which is conducive to lithium and sodium ions transfer. Excellent electrochemical performance is observed in LIBs (535 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A/g) and SIBs (114.0 mAh/g after 3000 cycles at 1 A/g). Kinetics analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to further analyze the superior lithium and sodium ions storage performance of PTA-700. More importantly, PTA-700 solves many problems faced by traditional biomass-derived carbons in commercialization. Our work suggests an effective way to develop high-performance biomass-derived carbon anode materials for LIBs and SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flower like V 1.11 S 2 , which synthesized by a facile solvothermal process, has a capacity growth characteristics due to the continuous exfoliation and accumulation of nanosheets, thus providing an outstanding electrochemical performance. [Display omitted] Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have become a focus due to their high safety, low cost, and environmental protection. Vanadium-based materials are commonly used as cathodes in AZIBs. As technology improves, more types of vanadium-based materials are successfully synthesized and applied. To find more suitable cathode materials, we first investigated the utility of V 1.11 S 2 spheres for AZIB cathodes, which were synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. Benefiting from the excellent morphology and stable chemical system, the electrode exhibits continuous capacity growth during the cycling process and maintains stability over a long period of time. In addition, it has an outstanding rate capability. Specifically, the capacity reaches 224.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and increases from 39.1 to 51.4 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 2000 cycles. Such characteristics can be attributed to the continuous and slow activation of the electrode and the growth of the specific surface area due to the scattered nanosheets, which allows the electrolyte to fully penetrate into the material and expose more active sites. Meanwhile, the increased V 1.11 S 2 layer spacing due to the embedding of water molecules can provide a wide channel for ion transport. This work may provide new ideas for the synthesis and development of vanadium-based materials used in AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We sought to explore the clinical efficacy of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) secondary to old vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) treatment by large-channel percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression. Medical data for a total of 17 patients diagnosed with LSS secondary to OVCF and treated with large-channel percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression in our institution from January 2019 to January 2021 were collected. The dural sac cross-sectional area and morphologic grading of the magnetic resonance imaging cross-sectional area were recorded. Lumbar spine stability was assessed using the White-Panjabi scoring system. Visual analog scale and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were used to evaluate the surgical efficacy, and the SF-36 health questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients. Type and probability of complications were also recorded. The operative segments of the enrolled patients were all in the lower lumbar spine. One-year follow-up post operation showed that the dural sac cross-sectional area was significantly enlarged compared with preoperation, and the morphologic grade was significantly improved (P < 0.05). There was no difference in White-Panjabi score between preoperation and postoperation (P > 0.05). Visual analog scale and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores at each follow-up time point after operation were higher than those before operation and were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The SF-36 health survey score at 1 year after operation was significantly higher than that before operation (P < 0.05). The complication rate was 6%. Large-channel percutaneous lumbar endoscopic decompression has an evident clinical effect in the treatment of LSS secondary to OVCF and has little effect on the stability of the lumbar spine, which is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the application skills and importance of ultrasonic bone osteotome in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery. Between January 2018 and December 2020, the data of 97 patients who underwent anterior cervical disc resection and fusion (ACDF) in our hospital were collected and retrospectively analyzed. According to the main instruments for decompression of the intervertebral space, we divided the 97 patients into ultrasonic bone osteotome (UBS) group and traditional high-speed drill (HSD) group. The intraoperative indexes selected for comparison between the 2 groups were intervertebral space decompression time, intraoperative blood loss, incidence and types of complications within the 2 groups of patients, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, and JOA improvement rates of the 2 groups of patients before and after surgery. There was no statistical difference in general data such as age, sex, duration of symptoms, and surgical segment between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Intervertebral decompression time, intraoperative blood loss, and complications in the UBS group were less than those in the HSD group (P < 0.05). The JOA scores of the 2 groups of patients were significantly improved after the operation compared with scores from before the operation, with results being statistically significant (P < 0.05), however, there was no difference in clinical effect between the 2 groups at each follow-up time point (P > 0.05). This study shows that in ACDF surgery, UBS is more efficient than HSD and can effectively shorten the operation time and reduce the amount of bleeding and the incidence of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, N/O co-doped cage-type biomass carbon (NOBC) was prepared through a simple and facile hydrothermal reaction and two-step carbonization method. As the anode of a potassium ion battery, NOBC displays a superhigh long-cycling performance and a super high rate performance. NOBC-2 provides an excellent reversible capacity of 251.2 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, and an excellent performance of 334.6 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 5 A g−1 (after 2000 cycles). The reversible capacity of 124.19 mAh g−1 can be maintained even after 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The excellent performance of NOBC is attributed to the unique hollow cage structure, internal 3D carbon network structure and N/O co-doping. Based on the results of detailed fundamental analysis, the pseudo-capacitance mechanism contributes to the higher K ion storage process in NOBC-2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further show that N/O double doping can promote the adsorption of K ions in biomass carbon materials and improve the conductivity of the materials. The simple synthesis route and excellent electrochemical performance provide new insights for the search for novel carbon-based K storage anode materials with high energy and long cycle life. The N/O co-doped biomass carbon material (NOBC-2) is synthesized through a simple hydrothermal reaction and two-step carbonization, and exhibits surprisingly high energy and long cycle life stability in the potassium ion half-cell. [Display omitted] • The preparation method of N/O co-doped biomass carbon material (NOBC-2) is simple and convenient.There are wide sources of biomass raw materials, and mass production is expected. • There are wide sources of biomass raw materials, and mass production is expected. • NOBC-2 exhibits surprisingly high energy and long cycle life in potassium ion half-cells. • Mechanism studies are designed to investigate the K+ storage behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeCoNi spinel oxides nanosheets array directly supported on the Ni foam substrate were prepared via a facile wet chemical method with 2‐methylimidazole as a structure directing agent and subsequently annealing. The as‐prepared 0.1Fe−CoNiO/NF offers high intrinsic catalytic activity, high surface area and good conductivity, resulting in enhanced activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the alkaline solution. It demonstrates an ultralow overpotentials of 240 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 36.8 mV dec−1, with attractive durability during long‐term operation in 1 M KOH solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P2‐type layered manganese‐based oxides have attracted considerable interest as economical, cathode materials with high energy density for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Despite their potential, these materials still face challenges related to sluggish kinetics and structural instability. In this study, a composite cathode material, Na0.67Ni0.23Mn0.67V0.1O2@Na3V2O2(PO4)2F was developed by surface‐coating P2‐type Na0.67Ni0.23Mn0.67V0.1O2 with a thin layer of Na3V2O2(PO4)2F to enhance both the electrochemical sodium storage and material air stability. The optimized Na0.67Ni0.23Mn0.67V0.1O2@5wt %Na3V2O2(PO4)2F exhibited a high discharge capacity of 176 mA h g−1 within the 1.5‐4.1 V range at a low current density of 17 mA g−1. At an increased current density of 850 mA g−1 within the same voltage window, it still delivered a substantial initial discharge capacity of 112 mAh g−1. These findings validate the significant enhancement of ion diffusion capabilities and rate performance in the P2‐type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 material conferred by the composite cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrons released from surface reactions need to be transferred quickly to avoid the inhibition for following reactions. Herein, a novel strategy has been demonstrated to achieve outstanding catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), specifically removing interfacial charges through an optimized hybrid amorphous/crystalline FeNi (Oxy)hydroxides. Such hybrid structure offers an overpotential of only 215 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 50.9 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH, together with outstanding stability. The superior catalytic activity and stability can be attributed to the unique amorphous/crystalline microstructure, leading to optimized reactivity and excellent conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we present a facile strategy to synthesis Co3O4 materials with different morphology. Experimental results show that Co3O4 materials with flower-like, fiber, sheet-like and rod morphologies have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis in different solvent. The effect of the morphology on the electrochemical catalytic properties were also studied. It is found that sheet-like Co3O4 exhibits the best activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (η10 = 390 mV) in 1 M KOH, which can be attribute to its short electrolyte infiltration diffusion path lengths and low charge transfer resistant.Graphical Abstract: LSV curves measured at 5 mV/s in 1 M KOH solution for OER, the inset image is FE-SEM image of prepared Co3O4 materials. a Flower, b fiber, c sheet and d rod. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The search for more effective and safe treatment methods for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) has led to the rapid development and increasing popularity of minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy (MI-PCF). This study aims to compare two important approaches for MI-PCF surgery: the channel-assisted cervical key hole technology combined with ultrasonic bone osteotome (CKH-UBO) and posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical foraminotomy (PPECF). Methods: Data from patients treated with single-level CKH-UBO (n = 35) or PPECF (n = 40) were analyzed. Clinical outcomes, including visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and modified Macnab criteria, were assessed preoperatively, as well as at three days, three months, and one year postoperatively. Results: The percentages of patients with excellent and good outcomes were 97.14% and 92.5%, respectively. The average surgical time in the CKH-UBO group was significantly shorter than in the PPECF group (p < 0.001), while the average incision length in the PPECF group was significantly smaller than in the CKH-UBO group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of blood loss, hospital stay, and clinical outcomes at three days, three months, and 12 months postoperatively. Conclusion: CKH-UBO can achieve the same surgical outcomes as PPECF for the treatment of CSR. However, CKH-UBO saves more time but requires patients to undergo larger incisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a facile strategy to synthesize bulk hierarchical porous Pd materials (BHPPd) with pores ranging from a few nanometers to tens of micrometers through chemical dealloying of porous PdAl intermetallics. Owing to the small surface diffusivities of Pd atoms, the pore/ligament size of BHPPd did not coarsen remarkably as the concentration of HCl aqueous solution increases. Thermal stability properties of BHPPd materials at different temperature ranging from 673 to 1073 K were evaluated. BHPPd materials show superior thermal stability, whose bicontinuous interpenetrating ligament-channel structure can be maintained even after being annealed at 1073 K for 30 min. Such properties can be attributed to less defects and less-noble metal residues. Moreover, compression properties of BHPPd materials were also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, bulk nanoporous Cu materials with hierarchical porous structure and fine ligaments have been facilely fabricated through chemical dealloying of CuAl alloy that prepared by suction casting. Effect of dealloying temperature on the formation of nanoporous Cu was investigated. Results reveal that robust bulk nanoporous Cu with no noticeable volume shrinkage can be prepared. The Fe adatoms may act as activation barrier for the surface diffusion of Cu adatoms, which is beneficial for the refinement of nanoporous Cu. Moreover, thermal coarsening behavior of nanoporous Cu was also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In clinical practice, it is necessary to grasp surgical indications and contraindications, based on the overall situation of a patient, and implement an individualized treatment plan, according to the patient's wishes and economic situation. Dear Editor: We read with great interest the article entitled, "Single-stage posterior resection of the transversal process combined with an intervertebral foraminal approach for debridement, interbody fusion, internal fixation for the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis and psoas major abscess" by Li et al. [[1]]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The V 2 O 3 @C nanospheres, synthesized by a carbon reduction reaction process, have excellent electrochemical properties, which can be due to the outstanding electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of carbon shell. [Display omitted] • The core-shell V 2 O 3 @C nanospheres were obtained by carbon reduction reaction. • The thickness of the carbon shell can be adjusted by changing the calcination temperature. • The thickness of the carbon shell also affecting the electrochemical performance. • The obtained V 2 O 3 @C exhibits ultra-high long-cycle performance. • The charge-discharge mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of the electrode were studied. Aqueous zinc-ions batteries (AZIBs) are expected to be a new green energy storage devices due to the low cost and safety. As classic cathode materials for AZIBs, layered vanadium oxides have excellent redox activity and large capacity performance. However, it not only has poor conductivity, but easily dissolved during (dis)charge process. Therefore, it is necessary to modify vanadium oxide to improve electrochemical performance in AZIBs. Herein, we successfully synthesized V 2 O 3 with carbon shell (V 2 O 3 @C) by the reduction reaction of carbon with V 2 O 5 in an oxygen-free environment and tested its electrochemical performance. By exploiting the effect of different calcination temperatures on the carbon reduction reaction, V 2 O 3 @C nanospheres with different carbon shell thicknesses were successfully synthesized. After fitting the experimental data, the calcination temperature for optimal electrochemical performance was determined to be 800 ℃ (VC-800). Detailly, the capacities of V 2 O 3 @C obtained at 700, 800 and 900 ℃ in the first 100 cycles at 0.5 A/g were 454.5, 400.7 and 325.1 mAh/g, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained VC-800 showed 126 % capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 A/g. In the presence of carbon shell, V 2 O 3 maintains the reversible redox valence characteristics while improving the conductivity and cycle life. This work may broaden ideas in improvement of vanadium-based materials for zinc ion storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High performance ε-MnO 2 @C was obtained by one-step decomposition method and carbon coating. Carbon coating reduced the dissolution of Mn2+ caused by disproportionation of Mn3+, so that the capacity retention was about 91% (172 mAh g−1) after 1700 cycles at 1 A g−1 current density. [Display omitted] • One-step thermal decomposition then carbonized after being coated with C 6 H 12 O 6. • The carbon coating can effectively alleviate the dissolution of Mn2+ ions. • The stable cycling performance (172 mAh g−1) at 1 A g−1 over 1700 cycles. • The product shows significantly enhanced electrochemical performances. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are potential candidates for achieving considerable energy savings owing to their environmental benignity and low cost. At present, however, Mn2+ dissolution causes structural failure in manganese-based cathodes. Therefore, addressing this issue is vital for improving their cycling stability and specific capacity. Herein, ε-MnO 2 was obtained by annealing MnCO 3 at 350 °C. Subsequently, ε-MnO 2 was coated with a carbon layer (carbonizing D-glucose) to obtain ε-MnO 2 @C, which effectively mitigated the Mn2+ dissolution as well as the side reactions between the electrode and electrolyte. Electrochemical results revealed a significant improvement in the specific capacity (280 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) and capacity retention (∼91% over 1700 cycles at 1 A g−1) of the ε-MnO 2 @C cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, hydrogen absorption/desorption properties of porous hollow palladium spheres prepared by templating method were studied. The experimental results reveal that porous hollow Pd spheres have superior hydrogen absorption kinetics than spongy Pd. A typically pressure hysteresis behavior can also be observed in the hydrogen absorption/desorption isotherm curves. Gibbs free energy loss Δ G l o s s correlation with pressure hysteresis of porous hollow Pd spheres is 4.3–4.8 kJ/mol, which is larger than spongy Pd and Monocrystal Pd. The special hollow structure and microstructure defects of Pd powder should be taken into account. Moreover, hydride formation enthalpy of porous hollow Pd spheres is smaller than spongy Pd and Pd black. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, porous hollow palladium particles with uniform size distribution have been successfully prepared by templating method with silica sphere as template materials. Experimental results show that hydrazine hydrate is a preferable reducing regent to prepare pure palladium layer by electroless plating rather than sodium hypophosphite. Silica sphere templates can be easily removed after eroded in alkali solutions, and then palladium particle with hollow structure and a specific surface area of ∼10.26 m 2 /g can be prepared. Furthermore, electrochemical properties of the porous hollow palladium were also investigated and the results reveal that it has superior ethanol oxidation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present study, Al–Cu alloy with fine grain of ~400nm has been prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (MA–SPS). Then bulk hierarchical nanoporous copper (BHNPC) was obtained by chemical dealloying of the resultant alloys. Results show that BHNPC possess a highly porosity of ~80% and fine ligament size of about 27nm that can be prepared without either applied potential or addition of other element such as nickel. Furthermore, compression properties of BHNPC were investigated. The bulk nanoporous copper has a compressive strength of 5.8MPa. The main failure is brittle fracture, which is probably due to the defects that were generated in the bulk after chemical dealloyed in high concentration alkali solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: A comparative study of the spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degeneration or herniation (LDD/LDH) in normal population was designed to analyse the role of sagittal anatomical parameter (pelvic incidence, PI) and positional parameters in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. Several comparative studies of these patients with asymptomatic controls have been done. However, in previous studies without lumbar MRI, a certain number of asymptomatic LDD patients should have been included in the control group and then impacted on the results. Methods: Based on MRI findings, we divided 60 LDD or LDH patients and 110 asymptomatic volunteers into the normal group (NG) and the degeneration group (DG), which was further subdivided into the symptomatic (SDG) and asymptomatic (ADG) subgroups according to patients' symptoms. Standing full spine radiographs were used to measure sagittal parameters, including PI, sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and sacrum-bicoxofemoral distance (SFD). Results: The PI, SS and LL in DG were significantly lower than NG, while the SVA and SFD were significantly greater ( P < 0.05). PI correlated well with the SS and LL in all subjects. However, the trend lines of SS or LL over PI were downward in DG. PI was similar in SDG and ADG ( P = 0.716) but SS and LL were significantly lower and SVA was significantly greater ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: PI may play a predisposing role in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc degenerative diseases. The secondary structural and compensatory factors would lead to a straighter spine after disc degenerative change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An unintended consequence following lumbar fusion is the development of adjacent segment disease (ASD). Oblique lumbar interbody fusion combined with posterior decompression (OLIF-PD) is another feasible option for ASD, and there is no literature report on this combined surgical strategy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 18 ASD patients requiring direct decompression in our hospital between September 2017 and January 2022. Among them, eight patients underwent OLIF-PD revision and ten underwent PLIF revision. There were no significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups. The clinical outcomes and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The operation time, operative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay in the OLIF-PD group were significantly lower than those in the PLIF group. The VAS of low back pain in the OLIF-PD group was significantly better than that in the PLIF group during the postoperative follow-up. The ODI at the last follow-up in the OLIF-PD group and the PLIF group were significantly relieved compared with those before operation. The excellent and good rate of the modified MacNab standard at the last follow-up was 87.5% in the OLIF-PD group and 70% in the PLIF group. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups. Conclusion: For ASD requiring direct decompression after posterior lumbar fusion, compared with traditional PLIF revision surgery, OLIF-PD has a similar clinical effect, but has a reduced operation time, blood loss, hospital stay and complications. OLIF-PD may be an alternative revision strategy for ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the spore bio-carbon material as the carbon matrix, based on the surface functionalization of dopamine, the MoO 2 /N/C composite material was synthesized through simple topological chemical conversion. When applied to anode materials of potassium ion batteries, it shows amazing high energy and long cycle life stability. [Display omitted] • MoO 2 /N/C composites were fabricated on cage-like biomass charcoal by simple topological chemical transformation. • Biomass raw materials are widely available and the synthesis method is simple. • MoO 2 /N/C composites show excellent rate performance and the best long cycle stability studied at present. At the same time showing good applicability of KIB full battery. • mechanism research aims at studying the storage behavior of K+. Due to its relatively high theoretical capacity and low cost, transition metal oxides are considered as candidate anodes for potassium ion batteries (KIB). However, poor recyclability due to inherently large volume changes hinders their application. Therefore, we use Ganoderma spores as the carbon matrix to synthesize MoO 2 /N/C composites through simple complexation reactions. It was found that the synergistic effect of cage-like biomass carbon and molybdenum oxide can promote the transfer and adsorption of potassium ions, thereby improving the storage capacity of potassium ions. On the one hand, the introduction of a small amount of MoO 2 greatly enhances the potassium storage capacity of biomass carbon materials. On the other hand, the porous cage-like carbon structure effectively buffers the volume change during the MoO 2 potassium storage process and provides more diffusion paths for K+. In addition, the stable double-walled cage structure provides the possibility for the composite material to achieve good long-cycle performance. Specifically, MoO 2 /N/C composites provided a high reversible specific capacity of 422 mAh g−1 (after 200 cycles) at 200 mA g−1, and coulombic efficiency was greater than 98%. The composites still provided a high capacity of 316 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1. At the same time, after 1500 cycles at 2000 mA g−1, the capacity was maintained at 248 mAh g−1. Verify the possibility of its practical application by assembling a full battery, meanwhile, through first-principles calculations, the reasons for the excellent potassium storage performance of MoO 2 /N/C electrodes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: At present, few reports of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal decompression surgery have been reported to solve central lumbar spinal stenosis (CLSS). Is endoscopic decompression through bilateral transforaminal approach decompression sufficient for degenerative CLSS?Methods: This retrospective study included 47 cases of CLSS patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic decompression through bilateral transforaminal approach. Clinical outcomes such as ODI, back and leg VAS, the Macnab criteria were evaluated. Surgical results including operative time, postoperative hospital stay, recurrence, and surgical complications were also studied. Radiologically, lumbar stability was assessed and lumbar dural sac dimension was compared preoperatively and postoperatively.Results: All 47 patients were followed up. The average follow-up period was 24.5 months. The average operation time was 116 min. The mean VAS of leg and back pain, and the mean ODI improved from 7.81, 2.53, and 77.03% at baseline to a final 1.94 (P = 0.00), 2.47 (P = 0.71), and 19.40% (P = 0.00), respectively. According to the Macnab criteria, 97.9% of patients achieved excellent and good results. There were 2 cases of dural tear and 3 cases of transient postoperative dysthesia. The cross-sectional area of the dural sac was significant enlargement at the last fellow up (74.28 ± 13.08 mm2 vs.104.91 ± 12.40 mm2, P = 0.00).Conclusions: Except for the main pathogenic factors on the dorsal side of the dural sac, percutaneous endoscopic decompression through a bilateral transforaminal approach is sufficient for CLSS. It is a feasible, safe, and clinically effective minimally invasive procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fe-CoO/CuO with notable electrocatalytic capabilities is easily prepared. • More than 98% of nitrate was removed by Fe-CoO/CuO@CF electrode. • Nitrate was nearly entirely (99.7%) converted into nitrogen gas. • Fe-CoO/CuO@CF electrode exhibits remarkable reusability. The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate ions (NO 3 −) to nitrogen gas (N 2) has emerged as an effective approach for mitigating nitrate pollution in water bodies. However, the development of efficient and highly selective cathode materials remains challenging. Conventional copper-based catalysts often exhibit low selectivity because they strongly adsorb oxygen. In this study, a straightforward solvothermal and pyrolysis method was used to grow iron-doped cobalt–copper oxide heterogeneous structures on copper foam surfaces (Fe–CoO/CuO@CF). Then, the effects of the applied potential, initial NO 3 − concentration, Cl− concentration, electrolyte pH, and different catalysts on the catalyst performance were investigated. Compared with recently reported congeners, Fe–CoO/CuO@CF is less expensive and exhibits outstanding activity for NO 3 − reduction. Meanwhile, under a cathode potential of − 1.31 V vs. Ag/AgCl, Fe–CoO/CuO@CF degrades 98.6 % of NO 3 − in 200 min. In addition, when employing a method inspired by NH 4 + removal by breakpoint chlorination, N 2 selectivity over Fe–CoO/CuO@CF was raised from 10 % without Cl− to 99.7 % when supplemented with Cl−. The catalyst demonstrated excellent cyclic stability, maintaining a high electrocatalytic activity for the conversion of NO 3 − to N 2 gas over eleven cycles. Moreover, Fe–CoO/CuO@CF enabled 63.7 % removal of NO 3 − from wastewater (50 mg/L NO 3 −–N) prepared from natural water, with 100 % conversion to N 2. Computational studies showed that iron doping decreased the free energy change of the intermediate of NO 3 − reduction reaction. This study provides an effective strategy for the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas and offers good prospects for addressing nitrate pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for NH 3 production via NO 2 − reduction, Mo-doped Co 3 O 4 nanoarray exhibits an extremely high Faradaic efficiency of 96.9 % and a corresponding NH 3 yield of up to 651.5 μmol/h cm−2 at −0.5 V. [Display omitted] • Mo-doped Co 3 O 4 nanoarray on titanium mesh is synthesized as an effective catalyst for NO 2 −-to-NH 3 conversion. • Mo-Co 3 O 4 /TM exhibits a high NH 3 Faradaic efficiency of 96.9 % and a related yield of 651.5 μmol h−1 cm−2 with strong stability. • DFT calculations reveal the catalytic mechanism of NO 2 −RR on Mo-Co 3 O 4. • The fabricated Zn-NO 2 − battery achieves a peak power density of 3.6 mW cm−2 and a satisfactory NH 3 yield of 108.4 μmol h−1 cm−2. Electrochemical conversion of nitrite (NO 2 −) contaminant to green ammonia (NH 3) is a promising approach to achieve the nitrogen cycle. The slow kinetics of the complex multi-reaction process remains a serious issue, and there is still a need to design highly effective and selective catalysts. Herein, we report that molybdenum doped cobalt oxide nanoarray on titanium mesh (Mo-Co 3 O 4 /TM) acts as a catalyst to facilitate electroreduction of NO 2 − to NH 3. Such a catalyst delivers an extremely high Faradaic efficiency of 96.9 % and a corresponding NH 3 yield of 651.5 μmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.5 V with strong stability. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of Mo can induce the redistribution of electrons around Co atoms and further strengthen the adsorption of NO 2 −, which is the key to facilitating the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the assembled battery based on Mo-Co 3 O 4 /TM suggests its practical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on Ru-doped self-supported honeycomb nickel molybdate nanoflakes (Ru-NiMoO 4 /NF) with abundant OV on Ni foam and its application in both electrocatalytic NO 2 –RR and Zn-NO 2 – battery. The catalytic activity of Ru-NiMoO 4 /NF was significantly enhanced due to the Ru doping and the existence of oxygen vacancies, achieving high Faraday efficiency of 95.56 ± 0.72% and large ammonia yield of 17192.52 ± 1136.64 μg h−1 cm−2 at –0.6V vs. RHE in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 and 0.1 M NO 2 – solution, as well as preferable long-term stability. In addition, it was verified that Zn-NO 2 – battery with Ru-NiMoO 4 /NF as cathode delivers a good energy supply (13.87 mW cm−2), as well as simultaneously ammonium yield of 1524.74 μg h−1 cm−2 and Faradaic efficiency of 96.15% at 15 mA cm−2. [Display omitted] The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite to recyclable ammonia (NH 3) is essential to maintain nitrogen balance and meet growing energy requirements. Herein, we report that Ru doped honeycomb NiMoO 4 nanosheet with copious oxygen vacancies grown on nickel foam substrate has been prepared by a facile hydrothermal synthesis and immersion process, which can act as an efficient electrocatalyst for NH 3 synthesis by reduction of nitrite. By optimizing the concentration of RuCl 3 solution, 0.01Ru-NiMoO 4 /NF possesses excellent NO 2 −RR performance with NH 3 yield of 20249.17 ± 637.42 μg h−1 cm−2 at −0.7 V and FE of 95.56 ± 0.72 % at −0.6 V. When assembled into a Zn–NO 2 − battery, it provides a remarkable level of power density of 13.89 mW cm−2, outperforming the performance of virtually all previous reports. The efficient adsorption and activation of NO 2 − over Ru-doped NiMoO 4 with oxygen vacancy have been verified by density functional theory calculations, as well as the possible reaction pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There was no statistical significance in the correlations between the distance of the claudication and the CSA of the dura sac and the SedSign and between the functional score and the SedSign (both I p i > 0.05). However, the author concluded that "Increasing severity of SedSign indicates progressively smaller dural sac CSA, but there is an inconsistent association with clinical symptoms. Based on the results of this study, it is impossible to conclude that "spinal stenosis is severe in patients with severe symptoms" because no correlation between radiological parameters and clinical symptoms was found. [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] • FeCrAl-ZrC alloy has an uniform grain structure with an average grain size 0.86 μm. • FeCrAl-ZrC alloy display higher high-temperature strength more than 110 MPa at 800 ℃. • Hall-Petch and dispersion strengthening are the main strengthening mechanism. • Good interface bonding between Fe and ZrC are also main strengthening mechanism. Low mechanical strength, especially at high temperatures, is the key problem that limit the application of FeCrAl alloys as the accident tolerance fuel (ATF) cladding materials. Dispersion strengthening by carbide nanoparticles is an effective way to improve mechanical properties at high temperatures. In this work, an ultrafine grained FeCrAl-0.6 wt.% ZrC alloys with excellent mechanical properties were fabricated successfully by mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering. The effect of milling speed on powder characteristics, microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCrAl alloys were investigated. The particle size of the powders increase significantly after milling at 400 rpm, while it has a lower oxygen content. Increasing the milling speed decreased the resultant grain size and improved relative density. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) demonstrated the nano ZrC particles uniformly distributed in the matrix at higher milling speed, which effectively promotes grain refinement and dispersion strengthening. The results of mechanical properties show that the tensile strength, percentage elongation and hardness of FeCrAl-0.6 wt.% ZrC alloys at room temperature (RT) reached up to 1.05 GPa, 349.86 HV and 12.1%, respectively, after milling at 400 rpm. It is worth noting that the FeCrAl-0.6 wt.% ZrC alloy also exhibited a good high-temperature strength more than 110 MPa at 800 ℃, which is about 55.4% and 24.7% higher than previously reported FeCrAl-0.5 wt.% ZrC and FeCrAl-1.0 wt.% ZrC alloys, but the plasticity is reduced. The results demonstrated that the excellent mechanical properties were not only attributed to the dispersion strengthen by nanosized ZrC, a good interface bonding between Fe matrix and nanosized ZrC, but also the ultra-fine grained structure induced by the milling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis is still controversial. In our study, we assessed the efficacy and feasibility of single-stage posterior debridement, interbody fusion using a structural autograft combined with a titanium mesh cage, and posterior instrumentation for the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis with significant vertebral body loss. From May 2011 to June 2018, 15 patients with lumbosacral tuberculosis with significant vertebral body loss had undergone single-stage posterior debridement, interbody fusion using a structural autograft combined with a titanium mesh cage, and posterior instrumentation. The pre- and postoperative lumbosacral angle, visual analog scale score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and neurological status were assessed. Surgery was successful for all patients, and no patient experienced tuberculosis recurrence during an average follow-up period of 27.3 months (range, 12–60 months). After surgery, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein for all patients had returned to normal within 3 months. At the final follow-up examination, the neurological status had improved in all patients who had had neurological deficits preoperatively. The mean preoperative lumbosacral angle was 12.6° (range, 6.7°–17.9°), and had increased to 27.7° (range, 24.3°–34.6°) after surgery. The average lumbosacral angle was 26.4° (range, 22.1°–32.3°), with an average loss of 1.4° (range, 0.6°–2.3°) at the final follow-up visit. The combination of single-stage posterior debridement, interbody fusion using structural autografts with a titanium mesh cage, and posterior instrumentation is an effective and safe option for the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis with significant vertebral body loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MCS-x materials, synthesized through a straightforward stirring and carbonization process using a solvent-induced self-assembly technique, exhibit ultra-long cycle stability in their application to sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). [Display omitted] Mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCSs) are extensively employed in energy storage applications due to their ordered pore size, large specific surface area (SSA), and abundant active sites, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance for sodium storage. However, challenges persist in achieving precise structural control and stable synthesis reactions for these MCSs. Additionally, employing MCSs with a larger SSA in sodium storage applications can lead to increased side reactions and potential structural instability. To address these issues, we propose a solvent-induced self-assembly method for obtaining high nitrogen-containing multi-cavity MCSs with reduced SSA. The morphology and SSA of the nanospheres can be precisely adjusted by regulating the reaction time. Introducing an amine-phenol bridging structure into the polymer system significantly bolsters the structural and morphological stability of the mesoporous materials. The performance of these novel nanospheres in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is remarkable, exhibiting excellent sodium storage capability and exceptional ultra-long cycle stability. At a rate of 0.1 A g−1, the nanospheres achieved a high reversible capacity of 252 mAh g−1, and even after 20,000 cycles at 5 A g−1, a specific capacity of 136 mAh g−1 was retained. In summary, our study presents a novel approach for synthesizing mesoporous carbon materials and offers valuable insights for sodium storage research, opening new possibilities for enhancing energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nano ZrC particles on the mechanical and electrochemical corrosion properties of FeCrAl alloys, providing a beneficial reference basis for the development of high-performance carbide reinforced FeCrAl alloys with good mechanical and corrosion properties in the future. Design/methodology/approach: Nano ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Phases composition, tensile fractography, corrosion morphology and chemical composition of nano ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. Microhardness and tensile properties of nano ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloys were investigated by mechanical testing machine and Vickers hardness tester. Electrochemical corrosion properties of nano ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloys were investigated by electrochemical workstation in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Findings: The results showed that addition of nano ZrC can effectively improve the mechanical and corrosion properties. However, excessive nano ZrC could decrease the mechanical properties and reduce the corrosion resistance. In all the FeCrAl alloys, FeCrAl–0.6 wt.% ZrC alloy exhibits the optimum mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength, elongation and hardness of 990.7 MPa, 24.1% and 335.8 HV1, respectively, and FeCrAl–0.2 wt.% ZrC alloy has a lower corrosion potential (−0.179 V) and corrosion current density (2.099 µA/cm2) and larger pitting potential (0.497 V) than other FeCrAl–ZrC alloys, showing a better corrosion resistance. Originality/value: Adding proper nano ZrC particles can effectively improve the mechanical and corrosion properties, while the excessive nano ZrC is harmful to the mechanical and corrosion properties of FeCrAl alloys, which provides an instruction to develop high-performance FeCrAl cladding materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is attributed to the gradual exacerbation of cellular apoptosis and impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, both of which are induced by progressive inflammation. Therefore, it is crucial to address the inflammatory microenvironment and rectify the excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) to achieve intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration. In this study, we devised a smart microgel gene delivery system that incorporates functionalized gene nanoparticles (NPs) for the purpose of IVD regeneration. siGrem1 was loaded into the NPs to enhance their antiapoptotic ability and protective effects. Furthermore, the encapsulation of HADA further endows the NPs (referred to as HSGN) with targeted delivery and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacities. To create an microenvironment-responsive microgel system, phenylboronic acid-functionalized microspheres (referred to as M.S.) were fabricated and dynamically loaded with the HSGN. This microgel system (MHSGN), which is highly biocompatible, enables the sustained release of siGrem1, effectively modulating inflammation, scavenging ROS, and alleviating apoptosis in NPCs. These multifunctional capabilities promote the restoration of metabolic homeostasis within the nucleus pulposus ECM, ultimately leading to delayed IDD. [Display omitted] • A gene nanoparticle with targeted gene delivery capability is fabricated. • Anti-inflammation and reactive oxygen species scavenging capabilities is incoperated. • Apoptosis is regulated in degenerated intervertebral disc. • A funcionalized smart microgel is constructed. • Gene nanoparticle is responsively released. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of hydrogen energy urgently requires a high-capacity hydrogen storage technology that can release hydrogen at low temperature. The composite of LiAlH 4 and NH 4 F has a hydrogen storage capacity of up to 8.06 wt%, but the release of hydrogen requires a reaction temperature of about 170 °C, and the reaction is difficult to control. In this work, the reaction between LiAlH 4 and NH 4 F is proposed to be carried out in diethyl ether to improve its hydrogen release performance. It exhibits good hydrogen release performance over a wide temperature range of −40–25 °C, and the hydrogen release capacity at −40 °C, −20 °C, 0 °C and 25 °C can reach 4.41 wt%, 6.79 wt%, 6.85 wt% and 7.78 wt%, respectively. The activation energy of the reaction is 38.41 kJ mol−1, which is much lower than many previously reported catalytic hydrolysis systems that can release hydrogen at room temperature. Our study demonstrates a high-performance hydrogen storage system with very low operating temperature, which may lay the foundation for the development of practical mobile/portable hydrogen source in the north and the Arctic. • Catalyst-free LiAlH 4 –NH 4 F–Et 2 O exhibits high H 2 yield of >4.41 wt% at −40 °C. • The hydrogen release kinetics is affected by the reaction temperature. • The new compound HAlNH·0.25Et 2 O is further confirmed. • The reaction mechanism is determined by comprehensive methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To define and analyze the learning curve of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal decompression (PETD) for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).Methods: From July 2015 to September 2016, 78 patients underwent PETD; one of whom was converted to open surgery, two were lost, and 75 were included in this study. Clinical results were assessed by using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS). The learning curve was assessed by a logarithmic curve-fitting regression analysis. Of these 75 patients, 35 were defined as the "early" group, and 40 were defined as the "late" group for comparison.Results: The mean follow-up was 25.37 ± 4.71 months. The median operative time gradually decreased from 95 (interquartile range, IQR, 85-110) minutes for the early group to 70 (IQR, 60-80) minutes for the late group (P < .000), and an asymptote was reached after approximately 35 cases. After surgery, the VAS for leg pain (LP) and ODI decreased significantly and remained constant during the follow-up. However, the VAS of low back pain (LBP) increased mildly. The total complication rate was 6.6%. ODI, VAS of LP and of LBP, and complication rate did not significantly differ between two groups. Early ambulation and short hospital stay after surgery were achieved.Conclusion: The learning curve of PETD for LSS was assessed and good clinical results were achieved. The surgeon's experience with this technique correlated with reduced operation time. Proper patient selection, familiarity with pathological anatomy, and manipulation under endoscopic view may shorten the learning curve and decrease complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic refractory wounds have become a severe threat to public health and are characterized by repeated bacterial infections, persistent hypoxia, abnormal immune regulation, and obstruction of angiogenesis. However, current treatment strategies usually perform only one or two therapeutic functions and cannot satisfy the dynamic and complex demands of chronic wound healing. Herein, a versatile dynamic Schiff base and borate ester cross‐linked glycopeptide hydrogel is prepared from phenylboronic acid‐grafted ε‐polylysine (EPBA), epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), and oxidized alginate. Customized polydopamine‐coated honeycomb MnO2 nanoparticles loaded with herb‐derived salvianolic acid B (PHMS) are embedded into the hydrogel before gelation. Under the distinct acidic and oxidative microenvironment of chronic refractory wounds, the hydrogel gradually dissociates, and the released EPBA effectively eliminates bacteria, while the released EGCG and PHMS eradicates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, promotes M2 polarization of macrophages, and continuously generates oxygen. Then PHMS further disintegrates, and the released salvianolic acid B promotes angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt pathway. The versatile glycopeptide hydrogel accelerates Staphylococcus aureus‐infected diabetic cutaneous wound repair in vivo and is a promising candidate dressing for chronic refractory wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although direct isthmic repair, such as PSVPH, did not affect the mobility of the fixed segment and adjacent segment, it has a relatively low rate of isthmic fusion compared with conventional fusion. The Isobar TTL dynamic internal fixation system has been widely used in clinical practice and has achieved satisfactory clinical results. However, the use of the Isobar TTL system in combination with direct isthmic repair for lumbar spondylolysis has rarely been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes between patients who underwent Isobar TTL system and PSVPH with direct repair of defect for lumbar spondylolysis. Methods: Stepwise propensity score matching (PSM) for age and sex were performed to keep comparable clinical data between groups in this retrospective and matched‐pair case control study. A total of 50 patients diagnosed with lumbar spondylolysis underwent surgical implantation of the Isobar TTL group (n = 25) or PSVPH group (n = 25) from June 2009 to June 2016. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and visual analog score (VAS). Radiographic evaluations included range of motion (ROM) and the disc heights of stabilized segment and adjacent segment, adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) and bony fusion. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of lumbar CT scan was obtained to evaluate bone fusion of the isthmic at final follow‐up. The independent Student's t test and chi‐square test were applied to compare the differences between groups. Results: A total of 25 patients from TTL group were matched to 25 patients in PSVPH group for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), defect side, spondylolisthesis meyerding, and follow‐up duration. The intervertebral space height (IH) of stabilized segment at postoperative 1 week and final follow‐up in the TTL group was higher than those in the PSVPH group, respectively (P = 0.030; P = 0.013). The ROM of stabilized segment at final follow‐up in the TTL group was significantly lower than that in the PSVPH group (P < 0.001). The bony fusion rate at the final follow‐up was 88.0% (22/25 cages) in the TTL group and 80.0% (20/25 cages) in the PSVPH group. The ODI score at final follow‐up in the TTL group was significantly lower than that in the PSVPH group (P = 0.007). Conclusion: Overall, our data suggest that the Isobar TTL system outcomes are comparable to those in the PSVPH, with a similar high bony fusion rate as PSVPH, especially its wider indications as a new surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-supported one-dimensional (1D) monoclinic nickel molybdate nanorods with abundant OVs on Ni foam (NiMoO 4 /NF) can achieve high Faraday efficiency of 94.49 ± 0.42% and a large ammonia yield of 18089.39 ± 227.98 μg h−1 cm−2 at –0.8V vs. RHE in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 and 0.1 M NO 2 – solution, together with preferable long-term stability. In addition, it was verified that Zn-NO 2 – battery with NiMoO 4 /NF as cathode delivers an ammonium yield of 1929.76 μg h−1 cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 91.27% at 20 mA cm−2. [Display omitted] As an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy, the electrochemical reduction of nitrite (NO 2 –) can simultaneous generation of NH 3 and treatment of NO 2 – contamination in the environment. Herein, monoclinic NiMoO 4 nanorods with abundant oxygen vacancies self-supported on Ni foam (NiMoO 4 /NF) are considered high-performance electrocatalysts for ambient NH 3 synthesis by reduction of NO 2 −, which can deliver an outstanding yield of 18089.39 ± 227.98 μg h−1 cm−2 and a preferable FE of 94.49 ± 0.42% at −0.8 V. Additionally, its performance remains relatively stable during long-term operation as well as cycling tests. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations unveil the vital role of oxygen vacancies in promoting nitrite adsorption and activation, ensuring efficient NO 2 –RR towards NH 3. A Zn-NO 2 – battery with NiMoO 4 /NF as the cathode shows high battery performance as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effect and safety of transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic decompression for lower thoracic spinal stenosis. We reviewed 6 patients receiving transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic thoracic decompression for sympathetic symptoms in the lower extremities. Pre- and postoperative Frankel grade and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale (JOA) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores of back and lower extremities were also evaluated and recorded. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for statistical analysis. All 6 patients completed the follow-up. Mean follow-up was 12.6 months. Frankel grade in all patients improved to normal at the third month after operation. JOA scores significantly increased from 4.4 (range, 3.5–5.0) preoperatively to 5.5 (range, 5.0–6.5) postoperatively, to 6.5 (range, 6.0–7.0) at 3 months, to 6.6 (range, 6.2–7.0) at 6 months, and to 6.6 (range, 6.2–7.1) at 12 months (P < 0.05). ODI scores significantly decreased from 71.2 (range, 65–78) preoperatively to 50.2 (range, 45–60) postoperatively, to 30.3 (range, 25–40) at 3 months, to 12.2 (range, 0–20) at 6 months, and to 10.2 (range, 0–15) at 12 months (P < 0.05). VAS back scores decreased from 7.8 (range, 7.0–9.0) preoperatively to 6.9 (range, 6.0–7.5) postoperatively, to 3.3 (range, 3.0–4.0) at 3 months, to 2.3 (range, 2.0–3.0) at 6 months, and to 1.9 (range, 1.5–3.0) at 12 months (P < 0.05). VAS lower extremity scores decreased from 8.7 (range, 8.0–9.0) preoperatively to 3.0 (range, 2.5–3.6) postoperatively, to 1.1 (range, 0.5–1.3) at 3 months, to 0.9 (range, 0.2–1.2) at 6 months, and to 0.3 (range, 0.1–1.0) at 12 months (P < 0.05). Four patients reported excellent results and 2 reported good results at the last follow-up. Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal thoracic decompression is effective and safe in settling lower thoracic spinal stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, full endoscopic transforaminal decompression surgery (FETDS) under local anesthesia has been used to treat symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (SLSS) in selective patients. Considering the minimal injury associated with this technique, it has a potential advantage for geriatric patients. In addition, combining thorough preoperative assessments and preparations with this technique to achieve a safer and more effective outcome for geriatric patients with SLSS is necessary. Between June 2015 and September 2016, after thorough preoperative assessments and preparations, 56 geriatric patients who underwent FETDS with a median 18 months follow-up were enrolled in this study. Clinical results were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index, visual analog scale (VAS), and the modified Macnab criteria. The median duration of surgery was 75 minutes. The mean VAS score for preoperative leg pain was 6.54 ± 0.66, which improved to 1.79 ± 0.80, 1.50 ± 0.79, 1.43 ± 0.85, and 1.39 ± 0.97 after surgery, at 3 months, at 6 months, and at the last follow-up, respectively. The mean VAS score for preoperative low back pain was 2.00 ± 1.01, which changed to 2.09 ± 0.79, 2.07 ± 0.83, 2.09 ± 0.92, and 2.23 ± 0.76 at the same evaluation times, respectively. The mean preoperative Oswestry Disability Index was 69.30 ± 6.07, which improved to 22.36 ± 8.35, 22.32 ± 8.47, 22.21 ± 6.61, and 24.57 ± 8.23, respectively. The modified Macnab criteria were consistent with excellent or good outcomes in 91.1% of patients. Three patients (5.4%) developed complications. FETDS was effective and safe in the treatment of SLSS in geriatric patients, with minimal physiologic impact, taking advantage of the current protocol of thorough assessments and appropriate preoperative preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study whether and when mere dorsal decompression is enough in the full endoscopic key hole technique for foraminal stenosis. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 22 patients with cervical foraminal stenosis who underwent full endoscopic key hole mere dorsal decompression in our institute from October 2016 to October 2017. Preoperative neck disability index, neck visual analog scale score, and arm visual analog scale score were 25.8 ± 0.8, 4.9 ± 0.6, and 7.5 ± 0.5 in the group. Immediate postoperative scores were 6.9 ± 0.9, 1.3 ± 0.9, and 1.4 ± 0.5. Follow-up scores at 3 months (7.0 ± 0.9, 1.9 ± 0.6, and 2.7 ± 0.9), 6 months (7.3 ± 0.9, 2.1 ± 0.9, and 1.9 ± 0.5), and 12 months (7.6 ± 0.5, 2.5 ± 0.8, and 2.1 ± 0.7). The symptoms had improved significantly (P < 0.05). According to the Macnab criteria, 15 patients reported excellent results, 2 reported good results, and 2 reported fair results at the 12-month follow-up. Stenosis is mainly caused by dorsal structures; mere dorsal decompression is enough. In both cases, the ventral and dorsal structures contributed to the stenosis. When there is no herniated soft fragment contributing to the stenosis, ventral decompression is not always necessary. If intraoperative exploration detects less tension formed by the ventral abnormal structures, mere dorsal decompression is enough to settle the symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a brush-like Cu2O–CoO core–shell nanoarray on copper foam (Cu2O–CoO/CF) can achieve efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in alkaline seawater electrolyte. This Cu2O–CoO/CF shows overpotentials as low as 315 and 295 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for the OER and HER, respectively. Moreover, it could also be operated at 1.82 V with 100 mA cm−2 in a two-electrode electrolyzer and exhibits strong stability for at least 50 hours of electrolysis. The excellent performance and hierarchical structure advantages of Cu2O–CoO/CF provide new ideas for designing efficient seawater splitting electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the temperature and time of spark plasma sintering (SPS) of a nickel powder on the structure of obtained samples of porous nickel was studied, and their mechanical strength under compression was evaluated. Based on the results of the experiments, it was found that spark plasma sintering the nickel powder at a temperature of 480°C with a holding time of 4 minutes enables to obtain samples with a porosity of 78.8%, having a structural performance and a compressive strength exceeding 1 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a common disease, especially among the elderly. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the roles of immune microenvironment in osteoporosis pathogenesis. Expression profiles of GSE35959, GSE7158, and GSE13850 datasets were used to analyze differential expression and identify hub genes related to immune features. Based on the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of an osteoporosis patient, different cell types were classified and the relation between immune environment and osteoporosis was explored. Twelve hub genes significantly associated with immune features were selected and 11 subgroups were defined using scRNA-seq data. The expression of two hub genes (CDKN1A and TEFM) was greatly altered during the transformation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to osteoblasts. Chemokines and chemokine receptors were differentially enriched in different cell types. CXCL12 was high-expressed in MSCs. This study emphasized that immune microenvironment played a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Chemokines and chemokine receptors can modify cell development and affect the interactions among different cell types, leading to unbalanced bone remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]