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The impact of asymptomatic bone marrow edema (BME) in sesamoids on running biomechanics remains largely unknown, but exploring this relationship could aid early detection of forefoot-related injuries with cost-effective modalities. This study aimed to compare the running biomechanics of runners with asymptomatic BME in the tibial sesamoids with that of healthy controls. Four runners with asymptomatic BME in tibial sesamoids and four healthy runners participated. Lower extremity joint kinetics and kinematics were assessed along with plantar pressure while running at a self-selected speed. The T2 relaxation time of the tibiotalar cartilage was measured using MRI-derived T2 maps. Compared to the non-injured group, the injured group exhibited significantly lower plantar pressure under the hallux (p = 0.001), increased peak ankle rotation angles (p = 0.025), reduced ankle power generation (p = 0.049), and increased knee extension torque (p = 0.015). No significant differences in T2 values of the tibiotalar cartilage were observed. It appears that runners with asymptomatic BME adapted their running strategies by modifying their ankle biomechanics and reducing plantar pressure, even in the absence of pain. While the precise implications of these biomechanical alterations warrant further investigation, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between asymptomatic BME and running biomechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study investigated the sublethal effects of three insecticides (spirotetramat, cyantraniliprole, and pymetrozine) on Aphis gossypii. The effects of sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC30, LC50, and LC70) of the insecticides on the developmental period, survival rate, adult longevity, fecundity, and deformity rate were compared with those of the control. Spirotetramat and cyantraniliprole caused malformation in the F1 but not the F2 generation of A. gossypii. The net reproductive rate (R0) decreased significantly compared to that of the control (43.8) for all insecticides except cyantraniliprole at the LC10 (37.5). Therefore, sublethal concentrations (over the LC30) of the three insecticides could aid in the management of A. gossypii by affecting its population density. The toxicity and sublethal effects of three insecticides (spirotetramat, cyantraniliprole, and pymetrozine) on Aphis gossypii, a major agricultural pest, were investigated. The nymphal stage showed greater susceptibility than the adult stage to all the insecticides, with a difference of up to 8.9 times at the LC50 of spirotetramat. The effects of sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC30, LC50, and LC70) of the insecticides on the on the developmental period, survival rate, adult longevity, fecundity, and deformity rate were compared with those of the control. Compared with the control, cyantraniliprole and pymetrozine did not significantly affect the developmental period in the parental or F1 generation when applied at the nymphal stage at any concentration. Nonviable nymphs occurred in the F1 generation when both nymphs and adults were treated with spirotetramat and cyantraniliprole but not in the F2 generation. The age-specific maternity (lxmx) of A. gossypii treated with sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC30) decreased with increasing concentration. Spirotetramat at the LC30 resulted in significant differences in all life table parameters (R0, rm, λ, T, DT) compared with those of the control. Similarly, compared with that of the control (43.8), the net reproductive rate (R0) significantly decreased for all the insecticides except cyantraniliprole at the LC10 (37.5). Therefore, this study indicated that sublethal concentrations (over the LC30) of spirotetramat, cyantraniliprole, or pymetrozine might be useful for the density management of A. gossypii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barefoot running has been increasing in popularity, yet there is a gap in understanding concerning the biomechanics of mid-distance barefoot running, especially between genders and runners of different running-experience levels. This study examines the effects of running-experience, gender, and their interaction on running biomechanics following 5 km barefoot running. Before and after a 5 km run, three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb joints and plantar pressure during barefoot running were collected from 20 participants. Participants were stratified by their running-experience levels (novice and marathon-experienced) and gender. This study revealed significant gender effects on lower limb biomechanics following a 5 km barefoot run. Increased plantar pressure under the lateral aspect of the foot was observed in the female cohort, while the male cohort exhibited reduced plantar pressure under the lateral heel. This study suggests that modified lower limb running biomechanics and modified lateral foot loading after 5 km barefoot running may create a different foot loading environment for female and male runners that should be accommodated in barefoot runningand minimalist shoe design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in South Korea during the 2019–2020 seasonal influenza epidemic. The social distancing measures, as effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), adopted to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 might have influenced influenza activity. We evaluated IFV(influenza virus) activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of NPI intensity on influenza transmission. Methods: IFV activity and epidemic duration during COVID-19 pandemic were predicted under a counterfactual scenario with no NPIs against COVID-19. The Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model was used to quantify the effects of NPIs on the transmission of influenza virus. Influenza-like illness/1000 outpatients and IFV positivity rate from the 2011–2012 to 2021–2022 seasons were used in this study. Results: Comparison of the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 seasonal influenza activities with those in 2013–2019 showed that COVID-19 outbreaks and associated NPIs such as face mask use, school closures, and travel restrictions reduced the influenza incidence by 91%. Without NPIs against COVID-19, the rates of influenza-like illness and IFV positivity would have been high during the influenza epidemic season, as in previous seasons. NPI intensity decreased the transmission of influenza; the magnitude of the reduction increased as the intensity of social-distancing measures increased (weak social distancing; step-by-step daily recovery: 58.10%, strong social distancing; special quarantine measures: 95.12%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that NPIs and personal hygiene can be used to suppress influenza transmission. NPIs against COVID-19 may be useful strategies for the prevention and control of influenza epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the incidence and risk factors of seizures related to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in Korean patients infected with HIV. Of the 34 patients, 14 (41.2%) developed epileptic seizures during a median follow-up of 82 months. The median time from PML diagnosis to seizure onset was 44 months, ranging from 0 to 133 months. Patients with PML who developed seizures more commonly had cognitive impairment and multiple or diffuse lesions on brain MRI. These findings highlight the increased seizure risk among HIV-infected patients with PML at any stage of the disease, particularly in cases with extensive involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blood transfusion is an essential part of medicine. However, many countries have been facing a national blood crisis. To address this ongoing blood shortage issue, there have been efforts to generate red blood cells (RBCs) in vitro, especially from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, the best source of hiPSCs for this purpose is yet to be determined. Methods: In this study, hiPSCs were established from three different hematopoietic stem cell sources—peripheral blood (PB), cord blood (CB) and bone marrow (BM) aspirates (n = 3 for each source)—using episomal reprogramming vectors and differentiated into functional RBCs. Various time-course studies including immunofluorescence assay, quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry, karyotyping, morphological analysis, oxygen binding capacity analysis, and RNA sequencing were performed to examine and compare the characteristics of hiPSCs and hiPSC-differentiated erythroid cells. Results: hiPSC lines were established from each of the three sources and were found to be pluripotent and have comparable characteristics. All hiPSCs differentiated into erythroid cells, but there were discrepancies in differentiation and maturation efficiencies: CB-derived hiPSCs matured into erythroid cells the fastest while PB-derived hiPSCs required a longer time for maturation but showed the highest degree of reproducibility. BM-derived hiPSCs gave rise to diverse types of cells and exhibited poor differentiation efficiency. Nonetheless, erythroid cells differentiated from all hiPSC lines mainly expressed fetal and/or embryonic hemoglobin, indicating that primitive erythropoiesis occurred. Their oxygen equilibrium curves were all left-shifted. Conclusions: Collectively, both PB- and CB-derived hiPSCs were favorably reliable sources for the clinical production of RBCs in vitro, despite several challenges that need to be overcome. However, owing to the limited availability and the large amount of CB required to produce hiPSCs, and the results of this study, the advantages of using PB-derived hiPSCs for RBC production in vitro may outweigh those of using CB-derived hiPSCs. We believe that our findings will facilitate the selection of optimal hiPSC lines for RBC production in vitro in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new functional composite was synthesized in this study comprising magnetic-cored dendrimer (MCD) modified with citric acid (CA), succinic acid (SA), and vanillic acid (VA) terminal groups. The CA-MCD, SA-MCD, and VA-MCD exhibited average particle size of 8–18 nm and superparamagnetic behavior. Adsorption potential of the composite was assessed by monitoring methylene blue (MB) removal from contaminated water. The CA-MCD attained adsorption equilibrium in 30 min while SA-MCD and VA-MCD achieved equilibrium in 60 min. The Langmuir model better fitted the adsorption results than the Freundlich model, indicating a monolayer mode of MB adsorption on the composite. Maximum adsorption capacity of CA-MCD, SA-MCD, and VA-MCD was 216.30 mg/g, 184.29 mg/g, and 196.58 mg/g, respectively. The CA-MCD exhibited best adsorption performance by removing 99% MB at pH = 11. In reusability experiments, the CA-MCD, SA-MCD, and VA-MCD maintained over 90% MB adsorption for both 15 mg/L and 50 mg/L solutions in the third cycle. Overall, the organic acid–functionalized MCDs with high adsorption capacity and reusability potential showed utility for practical application for wastewater decontamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: A synergistic effect on Drosophila suzukii control was observed by combining EF fumigation with cold-temperature treatment. D. suzukii showed higher mortality at 1 °C after exposure to cold temperature. The egg stage showed the highest tolerance in the ethyl formate fumigation-only treatment according to the LCT99 value in a 12 L desiccator. Among the combination treatment methods, cold treatment after EF fumigation was found to be the most effective for D. suzukii control, and mortality increased as the duration of exposure to cold temperature increased. Although the sorption of EF was very high, the concentration of fumigant during treatment had a significant effect on insecticidal activity during combination treatment. Therefore, the combination of EF fumigation and cold-temperature treatment can be used to control D. suzukii. Drosophila suzukii is a quarantine pest that is rapidly spreading in berries. This study evaluated the synergistic effect of combination treatment with ethyl formate (EF) and cold temperature for D. suzukii control on imported grapes. A higher insecticidal effect was observed at 1 °C than at 5 °C at all developmental stages, and the pupal stage showed the strongest tolerance to cold temperature. After EF fumigation alone, eggs showed the highest tolerance at 216.67 mg·h/L (LCT99 value), and adults showed the highest susceptibility at <27.24 mg·h/L. Among the combination treatment methods, cold temperature after fumigation resulted in the best synergistic effect. The effect of this combination was significant, with 23.3% higher mortality for eggs, 22.4% for larvae, and 23.4% for pupae than observed with EF fumigation alone. Furthermore, the period of complete D. suzukii control in the 12 L desiccator was shorter in the combination treatment group at the LCT80 value than at the LCT50 value of the egg stage. EF showed a very high sorption rate (24%) after 4 h of exposure at a grape loading ratio of 15% in a 0.65 m3 fumigation chamber. As the grape loading ratio for combination treatment decreased, D. suzukii mortality increased, but when EF was administered at the LCT80 value, there was little difference in the mortalities of the eggs and larvae but not the pupae. All D. suzukii developmental stages were completely controlled within 7 days after combination treatment, and phytotoxicity was not observed in grapes. These results suggest that the combination of cold-temperature treatment and EF fumigation could be used for D. suzukii control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limited attention has been paid to age- or body size-related changes in the ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking despite their strong associations with lower limb injuries and pathology.Research Question: Do the features of GRF during walking associate with age or body size?Methods: Fifty-four participants were subdivided into four groups according to their age and body size: overweight old (n = 12), non-overweight old (n = 13), overweight young (n = 13), and non-overweight young (n = 16). Participants were asked to walk at their self-selected speeds on level ground with force plates embedded in the center of walkway. Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) was performed to extract major modes of variation and functional principal component scores (FPCs) in three-dimensional GRFs. Analysis of variance models were employed to investigate the effect of age, body size, or their interactions on the FPCs of each component of the GRF, with the adjustment to gait speed.Results: Significant age and body size effects were observed in FPC1 across all three-dimensional GRF. Both overweight and older groups showed greater braking force after heel-strike and greater propulsive forces during pre-swing when compared to the non-overweight and younger groups, respectively. The overweight old group displayed greater medial forces during mid-stance and the overweight young group showed prominently larger medial forces during pre-swing, while non-overweight old showed a tendency of flatter medial-lateral GRF waveforms during the entire stance phase. FPC2 revealed that only body size had an effect on three-dimensional GRF with the highest FPC2 scores in the overweight old group.Significance: Three-dimensional GRF during walking could be altered by the body size and age, which were more pronounced in the overweight and older group. The more dynamic GRF pattern with greater and/or lower peaks could be contributing factors to the increased joint load and injury rates observed in overweight aged individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The safety profiles of six new antiseizure medications (ASMs) in Korea have been investigated for over ten years using nationwide pharmacovigilance data. • The analysis of 5,733 reported cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) revealed common ADRs, including rash, dizziness, drowsiness, and hepatotoxic effects. • Lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine exhibited more type B effects (idiosyncratic reactions), while lacosamide, topiramate, and zonisamide exhibited more type A effects (related to the known drug mechanism). • The pediatric group showed a higher proportion of skin disorders and type B effects, emphasizing the need for cautious ASM use in this population. This study aimed to compare and characterize the safety profiles of new antiseizure medications (ASMs) using a nationwide pharmacovigilance database from a long-term perspective in Korea. We reviewed adverse event reports from the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database between January 2013 and December 2022 for descriptive analysis of six new ASMs (lacosamide, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, and zonisamide). We investigated the frequency and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) based on the MedDRA terminology, system organ classes, and modified WHO classification. We identified 5,733 reported cases of ADRs. The commonly reported ADRs associated with total ASMs were rash/urticaria (1,822, 31.8 %), dizziness (409, 7.1 %), somnolence/drowsiness (311, 5.4 %), and hepatotoxic effects (273, 4.8 %). Type B (idiosyncratic) effects (2,932; 51.1 %) were more commonly reported than Type A (related to known drug mechanisms) effects (2,613; 45.6 %). Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders and type B effects were most commonly reported for lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine, whereas nervous system disorders and type A effects were most commonly reported for lacosamide, topiramate, and zonisamide. The pediatric group (<18 years) exhibited skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders and type B effects relatively more frequently than the adult and older adult groups. Hypersensitivity skin reactions and type B effects remained significant ADRs in the new ASMs; however, type A effects were more commonly reported in some ASMs. The pediatric group showed a higher rate of type B effects. Overall, new ASMs should also be used with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Declines in muscular function may hinder our ability to properly respond balance perturbations during walking. Examining age-related differences in muscle activation during balance-perturbed walking could be an important summary of literature to guide future clinical or scientific research.Research Question: Are there differences in lower limb muscle activation between young and older adults when responding to balance perturbations during walking?Methods: A literature search was conducted in October 2020 to identify relevant articles using Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid EMBASE, and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria were defined to identify studies investigating lower limb muscle activation in healthy older adults during balance-perturbed walking. Data extraction was independently performed by both authors. Outcome measures included key findings of lower limb muscle activations during walking and balance-related tasks (e.g. multidirectional perturbations, different speeds, cognitive tasks, slippery/slopes, and obstacles).Results: This article reviewed fourteen studies including 230 older adults (age: 70 ± 4.5, females: 124 [53.9%]) and 230 young adults (age: 23 ± 2.0, females: 113 [49.1%]). The overall quality of included studies was fair, with a mean score of 76%. Twelve lower limb muscles were assessed during balance-perturbed walking. All studies reported electromyographic measurements, including magnitude, timing, co-contraction indices, and variability of activation.Significance: Compared to young adults, older adults demonstrated different adaptations in lower limb muscle activation during balance-perturbed walking. Co-contraction of ankle and knee joint muscles had more conclusive results, with the majority reporting an increased co-contraction in older adults, especially when balance is perturbed by a physical task. These data suggest that coordination between agonist and antagonist muscles is important to provide necessary stabilization during balance-perturbed walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barefoot running has been associated with lowered joint loading, but it remains unclear whether the biomechanical benefits are evident after mid-distance running. A musculoskeletal model was adopted for estimating lower limb joint loading for barefoot (n = 10) versus shod (n = 10) 5 km running. The barefoot group reduced peak joint reaction force at the hip and knee, and presented muscle force reductions compared to shod controls with significant group effects and interaction effects (p <.05). These changes were primarily group effects as time point effects were not significant. These findings should be considered when designing barefoot running shoes, running programmes, and injury prevention programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the adsorption structures of cytosine on Si(100). Multiple adsorption configurations that could result from Lewis acid–base reactions or cycloadditions were optimized, and the structural and energetic parameters of the obtained adsorption structures were compared. Row‐bridged bidentate configurations with SiOCNCNSi linkages to two silicon atoms in adjacent dimer rows were found to be more stable than other configurations. The SiN bond was formed by NH dissociative adsorption, while the SiO bond was dative. In the monodentate structures, the CH or NH dissociative adsorption structures were more energetically favorable than the datively bonded ones. Cycloaddition through the π‐electrons of the CN or CC bonds of the cytosine ring resulted in relatively unstable adsorption products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxidasin (PXDN) has been reported to crosslink the C‐terminal non‐collagenous domains of collagen IV (Col IV) by forming covalent sulfilimine bond. Here, we explored the physiological role of PXDN and its mechanism of action in endothelial cell survival and growth. Silencing of PXDN using siRNAs decreased cell proliferation without increase of the number of detached cells and decreased cell viability under serum‐starved condition with increased fragmented nuclei and caspase 3/7 activity. Conditioned medium (CM) containing wild‐type PXDN restored the proliferation of PXDN‐depleted cells, but CM containing mutant PXDN with deletion of either N‐terminal extracellular matrix (ECM) motifs or peroxidase domain failed to restore PXDN function. Accordingly, anti‐PXDN antibody [raised against IgC2 (3‐4) subdomain within ECM motifs] and peroxidase inhibitor phloroglucinol prevented the rescue of the PXDN‐depleted cells by PXDN‐containing CM. PXDN depletion resulted in loss of sulfilimine crosslinks, and decreased dense fibrillar network assembly of not only Col IV, but also fibronectin and laminin like in Col IV knockdown. Exogenous PXDN‐containing CM restored ECM assembly as well as proliferation of PXDN‐depleted cells. Accordingly, purified recombinant PXDN protein restored the proliferation and ECM assembly, and prevented cell death of the PXDN‐depleted cells. PXDN depletion also showed reduced growth factors‐induced phosphorylation of FAK and ERK1/2. In addition, siPXDN‐transfected cell‐derived matrix failed to provide full ECM‐mediated activation of FAK and ERK1/2. These results indicate that both the ECM motifs and peroxidase activity are essential for the cellular function of PXDN and that PXDN is crucial for ECM assembly for survival and growth signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3D anatomically-based finite-element foot model was adopted for predicting von Mises stresses within tibiotalar cartilage following 5 km barefoot running. To compare this predicted stress with T2 maps, magnetic resonance scans of the right ankle and plantar pressure were obtained from ten novices and ten marathon-experienced runners before and after running. Following running, tibiotalar cartilage stress was decreased in experienced runners. This corresponded with T2 values that did not change between pre- and post-running suggesting no increase in cartilage fluid levels. In contrast, novices maintained the same level of von Mises stress and this corresponded with a significant T2 increase in tibiotalar cartilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amine-functionalized magnetite (nFe3O4-NH2) of two different sizes, 10 nm and 250 nm, were compared as environmental adsorbents. They were synthesized by co-precipitation (10 nm-nFe3O4-NH2) and solvothermal (250 nm-nFe3O4-NH2) methods, respectively. The prepared amine-functionalized magnetite was characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, size distribution analysis and surface area analysis to compare the properties of different sizes of nFe3O4-NH2. Both nFe3O4-NH2 contained cubic Fe3O4 crystalline structure. The 250 nm-nFe3O4-NH2 exhibited higher magnetic saturation value than the 10 nm-nFe3O4-NH2, but both could be separated from an aqueous solution using an external magnet. The surface area and pore volume of the smaller-sized 10 nm-nFe3O4-NH2 was larger than that of 250 nm-nFe3O4-NH2, but stronger aggregation was observed in the 10 nm-nFe3O4-NH2. Batch adsorption of lead indicated that the 10 nm-nFe3O4-NH2 was a better adsorbent than the 250 nm-nFe3O4-NH2. The maximum adsorption capacity of lead for the 10 nm-nFe3O4-NH2 and the 250 nm-nFe3O4-NH2 were 74.48 mg g–1 and 54.54 mg g–1, respectively. The stronger aggregation of nanoparticles with a smaller particle size did not affect the superior performance of the 10 nm-nFe3O4-NH2 as an environmental adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acaricidal activity and residual effects of 63 commercialized pesticides against the Cheongju strain of Haemaphysalis longicornis in Korea were examined. Twenty‐two pesticides (4 carbamates, 5 organophosphates, 10 pyrethroids, 1 amitraz, 1 diamide, and 1 unclassified pesticide) caused greater than 80% mortality in H. longicornis adults under laboratory conditions using the spray method. These 22 pesticides were used to treat grassland under field conditions for investigation of the residual effects, and 100% mortality in H. longicornis adults was observed with all the carbamates (carbosulfan, benfuracarb, fenobucarb, and carbaryl) and γ‐cyhalothrin after 3 days of pesticide treatment. γ‐Cyhalothrin exhibited 56.7% mortality after 10 days of treatment, which was the longest residual effect of treated grass on H. longicornis adults. With regard to the residual effects on H. longicornis under field conditions, most of the 22 pesticides exhibited higher mortality in nymphs than in adults. In particular, benfuracarb exhibited 96.7% acaricidal activity until 10 days after treatment. These results indicate that carbamates are highly likely to be available under field conditions and, based on this preliminary data, could be used for the control of H. longicornis adults and nymphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The reduction of graphene oxide is one of the most facile methods to fabricate a large amount of graphene. The reduction rate is generally examined by various spectroscopic techniques, but each technique is applied for different purposes. Herein, we demonstrate the correlation between spectroscopic results and magnetic data, which plays an important role in determining the quality of reduced graphene oxides. The magnetic signals are related with the carbon-oxygen functional groups analyzed by spectroscopic tools. Especially, highly reduced sample exhibits the diamagnetic property similar to graphene-like materials. This report can provide an insight to determine the reduction rate of graphene oxides by using simple magnetic measurements. Graphical abstract Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insecticidal and antifeeding activities against Plutella xylostella were observed using whole‐plant‐derived Perilla frutescens material. The active ingredient in P. frutescens was identified by spectroscopic analysis as the sesquiterpenoid α‐farnesene, which showed insecticidal activity against third‐instar larva of P. xylostella in a leaf‐dipping bioassay based on 24‐h LD50 values (LD50 = 53.7 ppm). The feeding inhibition rate of α‐farnesene was 82.98% against P. xylostella at 10 ppm, and the antifeeding responses were determined using an oscilloscope to detect electrophysiological responses. The electrophysiological responses of the medial styloconic sensillum (MSS) were approximately 7‐fold more sensitive at 100 ppm than those of the lateral styloconic sensillum (LSS). These results suggest that the insecticidal and antifeeding effect of α‐farnesene, which is a P. frutescens‐derived material, can be used as a potential control agent for P. xylostella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to identify health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and its determinants in outpatients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: A cross‐sectional design was used and a total of 124 Korean participants was enrolled. The HRQoL (physical limitations, treatment satisfaction, and disease perception), symptom experience (frequency, severity, and distress), physiological (left ventricular ejection fraction and lipids), psychological (depression and anxiety), and situational (social support) factors were measured, selected on the basis of the theory of unpleasant symptoms. The HRQoL was assessed by using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire‐Korean, designed to evaluate disease‐specific health outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.73 years. The HRQoL was moderate. Among the HRQoL domains, disease perception showed the lowest level. The most intense symptoms that were experienced by the participants were fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. More than half of the participants had depression and anxiety. The determinants of worse HRQoL were severe symptom experience, higher depression, higher low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, a lower educational level, and lower social support. Conclusion: This study proposes a comprehensive approach to health care that incorporates symptom experience, as well as the physiological, psychological, and situational aspects based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, to improve the HRQoL among outpatients with ACS. Nurses should play a key role to help patients with ACS to deal with the symptoms, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and depression and to promote social support, particularly in less‐educated patients, in order to improve their HRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have reported individual benefits of yogurt and exercise on health; however, their combined effects remain unclear. Twenty‐four healthy individuals participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the following four groups: control, yogurt, exercise, and combination. The participants consumed yogurt and exercised for 2 weeks, and we examined the combined effects of yogurt and exercise on physiological biomarkers. Individually, yogurt and exercise did not exert a significant effect on biomarkers of depression or cardiovascular disease, although vitamin D levels increased in the exercise group. However, in the combination group, serotonin levels increased, while levels of triglycerides and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, which are biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases, decreased. In conclusion, the results of the study showed that, in healthy individuals, a combination of yogurt and exercise led to greater increases in serotonin levels and reductions in triglyceride and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels, relative to those observed for yogurt or exercise alone; therefore, this combination could have implications for the prevention of depression and cardiovascular disease. This study showed that, in healthy individuals, a combination of yogurt and exercise led to greater increases in serotonin levels and reductions in triglyceride and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels, relative to those observed for yogurt or exercise alone; therefore, this combination could have implications for the prevention of depression and cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-sized metal oxides have gained widespread interest because of their multifarious applications in catalysis, energy storage, semiconductors, and nanomedicine. Though many viable solution-based techniques for the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported, meeting efficiency and scalability requirements remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the generalized and facile method to yield metal oxide NPs that exploit bulk metal particulates. Based on a galvanic reaction, the interface between bulk metal powder and oxidized carbonaceous material transforms metals in to oxide/hydroxide NPs on the carbonaceous surface, owing to the resulting potential difference. This preparation procedure uses a solution-based synthesis technique, which is relatively straightforward, eco-friendly, scalable, inexpensive, and can be easily executed for a variety of metals; for instance, we demonstrated this approach for Zn, Ni, Co, Sn and Cu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review was to obtain an improved insight of the present state of knowledge regarding the effect of long-distance running on gait kinetics, kinematics, spatiotemporal and foot plantar pressure. Electronic databases were searched for articles relating to biomechanical modification following long-distance running, published in English between 1990 and 2016. All the studies presenting gait parameters before and after long-distance running were included. A modified Quality Index was used for assessing methodological quality. Thirteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Five of 13 studies measured plantar pressure, reporting that the loading under the metatarsal regions were shown to be the highest following long-distance running. Ten studies reported spatiotemporal changes; step and stride frequency were generally increased, while stride length and aerial time were decreased after running. Four studies measured kinetics, indicating that vertical ground reaction force (GRF) was generally decreased, whereas impact acceleration was increased. Four studies showed that the lower limb kinematics and the foot strike techniques were altered by long-distance running. Three studies performed a second follow-up, revealing that the changes were generally returned to baseline levels. This is the first systematic review to examine the effect of long-distance running on gait kinetics, kinematics, spatiotemporal and foot plantar pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on postoperative inflammation and adhesion following extraocular muscle surgery in rabbits. Methods. The superior rectus muscle reinsertion was performed on both eyes of 8 New Zealand white rabbits. After reinsertion, the rabbits received subconjunctival injections of the Rho-kinase inhibitor and saline on each eye. To assess acute and late inflammatory changes, Ki-67, CD11β+, and F4/80 were evaluated and the sites of muscle reattachment were evaluated for a postoperative adhesion score and histopathologically for collagen formation. Results. F4/80 antibody expression was significantly different in the Rho-kinase inhibitor-injected group at both postoperative day 3 and week 4 (p=0.038, 0.031). However, Ki-67 and CD11β+ were not different the between two groups. The difference in the SRM/conjunctiva adhesion score between the two groups was also significant (p=0.034). Conclusion. Intraoperative subconjunctival injection of the Rho-kinase inhibitor may be effective for adjunctive management of inflammation and fibrosis in rabbit eyes following extraocular muscle surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine myocardium is regarded as a byproduct in slaughterhouses and is rarely used as a food source due to its unsuitability for processing and consumption. In this study, we sought to develop an efficient ultrasonication method to extract protein from porcine myocardium. Comparisons of protein yield using various ultrasonication conditions with porcine myocardium revealed that treatment with 0.2 M NaCl, with pH 8.0, at an extraction temperature of less than 40 °C and an amplitude of 60% to 80% was optimal, yielding an extraction rate of 90%. In addition, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that increasing the time interval for ultrasonication increased the presence of myosin heavy chain and actin protein content. Functional analysis of the physiological properties of the isolated proteins using an ATPase assay showed that Ca and Mg ATPase activity was virtually undetectable in the early stages of ultrasonic treatment and that the proteins denatured rapidly. An analysis of protein digestion also showed that the digestive capacity of proteins treated by ultrasonication methods was greater. These results demonstrate that the ultrasonication method is effective for high-yield protein extraction from cardiac myofibrils of porcine myocardium with low salt concentrations, low Ca and Mg ATPase activities, and high digestive capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two deep-learning models are developed to predict silicon crystalline phase distributions of femtosecond laser-processed silicon. • Model 1 is based on OS-CNN and classifies Raman spectra into c-Si, a-Si, n-Si, poly-Si, poly-S/a-Si, and unclassified phases. • Model 2 is based on cGAN, and predicts a silicon phase distribution map from laser fluence and scanning speed. • Silicon surfaces with specific phase distributions can be designed with the help of this study. In this study, two deep-learning models are presented to predict the crystalline phases of femtosecond laser-processed silicon. To obtain the datasets, single-crystal silicon was processed by a femtosecond laser using 49 different combinations of laser fluence and scanning speed, and for each specimen, Raman spectra were measured at 22,500 locations inside a square domain. The first model was trained to classify the Raman spectra of silicon into six silicon phases. By applying the model to the entire surface of a silicon specimen in batches, the silicon phase distribution was visualized in RGB color values, with each color representing a particular silicon phase. Using the classification results of the 49 specimens obtained by the first model, the second model was developed to predict the silicon phase distribution image from the inputs of the laser fluence and scanning speed. The average prediction accuracy of the second model was 86.60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overweight or obesity is known to be associated with altered activations of lower extremity muscles. Such changes in muscular function may lead to the development of mobility impairments or joint diseases. However, little is known about how individual lower extremity muscles contribute to the whole-body center of mass (COM) control during walking and the effect of body weight. This study examined the contribution of individual lower extremity muscle force to the COM accelerations during walking in overweight and non-overweight individuals. Musculoskeletal simulations were performed for the stance phase of walking with data collected from 11 overweight and 13 non-overweight adults to estimate lower extremity muscle forces and their contributions to the COM acceleration. Mean time-series data from each parameter were compared between body size groups using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Compared to the non-overweight group, the overweight group revealed a greater gastrocnemius contribution to the mediolateral (p = 0.006) and vertical (p < 0.001) COM accelerations during mid-stance, and had a lower vastus contribution to the anteroposterior COM acceleration (p < 0.001) during pre-swing. Increased contributions from the large posterior calf muscles to the mediolateral COM acceleration may be related to efforts to alleviate COM sway in overweight individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the level of health literacy and barriers to information seeking and to explore the predictors of health literacy.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A total of 1000 Korean adults were recruited through proportional quota sampling. Health literacy, barriers to health information seeking, sociodemographics, and health-related characteristics were surveyed. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were performed for data analysis.Results: About 61% of participants were classified as inadequately health literate. "No health fairs/activities near home" was the most frequently reported barrier. Older age, lower education, living in the capital city, barriers regarding how to get information and access to expensive books and magazines were predictors of inadequate health literacy.Conclusion: Strategies for improving health literacy and reducing barriers to health information seeking should be designed. Education on how to access health-related information with easily accessible sources either free or inexpensive could be a way to help adults with limited health literacy.Practice Implications: Health care professionals should assess clients' health literacy levels, particularly amongst those who are older or have less education. They should provide clients with information on how to access credible and readily available sources of health-related information, considering their health literacy level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monochamus saltuarius was recently identified as an important vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the cause of pine wilt disease. In this study, M. saltuarius adults preferred different species of tree based on the longevity, ingested amount and wounded area that were determined for 90 d. Among eight tree species, the longevity of feeding by M. saltuarius was not significantly different except when feeding in Sciadopitys verticillata. However, the highest ingested amounts with the largest wounded areas were associated with Pinus koraiensis. The highest oviposition preference was in P. densiflora for the first 20 d. However, after 40 d, the oviposition highest preference was noted in P. koraiensis. For oviposition activities, M. saltuarius preferred the tree species in the following order: P. densiflora > P. koraiensis > P. rigida > Larix leptolepis. Although many oviposition scars were observed, M. saltuarius laid fewer eggs in P. rigida than other species of pine, which was related to the bark thickness. The oviposition frequencies were highest with bark 2.0-2.5 mm thick and with tree diameters of 110-130 mm. The current study increased understanding of the ecology of M. saltuarius by identifying specific tree preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 -reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (TiO 2 -rGO) is fabricated by microwave-assisted forced hydrolysis and examined as prospective electrode for energy storage applications, especially in Li-ion battery (LIB) and Li-ion capacitor (LIC). First, the uniformly distributed nanoscopic TiO 2 particulates (∼3 nm) over rGO nanosheets is evaluated as anode in half-cell assembly to ascertain the Li-insertion behavior and found that ∼0.68 mol Li (∼227 mAh g −1 ) is reversible. Then, “rocking-chair” type LIB is fabricated with spinel LiMn 2 O 4 cathode, and the LiMn 2 O 4 /TiO 2 -rGO assembly exhibits high capacity (∼120 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C rate), good rate capability (∼53 mAh g −1 at 1 C rate), and excellent cycleability (∼90% initial reversible capacity after 1000 cycle) as well. Similarly, the LIC is also constructed with activated carbon cathode, and such configuration delivered a maximum energy density of ∼50 Wh kg −1 with ∼82% retention after 4000 cycles. The synergistic effect of both rGO and anatase nanoparticles provides excellent energy efficiency and battery performance in different kind of Li-ion based energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of red phosphorescent iridium(Ⅲ) complexes, (PT-TFP)2Ir(tmd), (PT-P)2Ir(tmd), and (PT-MP)2Ir(tmd) were synthesized for highly efficient red emitter of the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The main ligands consisted of electron-donor (phenanthren) and electron-acceptor (trifluoromethyl pyridine, pyridine, and methyl pyridine) were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. The iridium(Ⅲ) complexes based on main ligands and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione(tmd) ancillary ligand were synthesized by Nonoyama reaction. Their luminescence properties were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The OLEDs devices were manufactured by vacuum deposition and These OLEDs devices were characterized by investigation of current density-voltage-luminance (J-V-L), current efficiency, power efficiency, external quantum efficiency (EQE), EL spectrum. The Ir(Ⅲ) complexes will be used as a solution process dopant for the hybrid OLED devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To explore the experiences of Korean patients with end-stage renal disease awaiting kidney transplantation. Background The need for kidney transplantation has increased worldwide, while the number of kidney donors has not increased commensurately. This mismatch is a serious issue in South Korea. Prolonged waits for transplantation may cause physical and psychosocial issues and lead to poor outcomes. Nevertheless, the experience of waiting for kidney transplantation in South Korea has never been explored in depth. Design A qualitative descriptive design was used. Methods The participants were eight patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease on the waiting list for kidney transplantation in South Korea. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews. All conversations during interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcribed data were analysed using conventional content analysis. Results The experience of waiting for kidney transplantation consisted of six categories: (1) the light at the end of the tunnel, (2) being on call without any promise, (3) a tough tug of war between excitement and frustration, (4) doubts in the complexity, (5) A companion on the hard journey and (6) getting ready for D-day. Conclusions Kidney transplantation candidates experience psychosocial difficulties and concerns while waiting for long periods of time without any assurance of resolution. Systematic education and psychosocial support from health care professionals and family members help patients get through what they describe as a difficult journey. Comprehensive management programs for kidney transplantation candidates are needed. Relevance to clinical practice Health care professionals need to recognise the psychosocial concerns of patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Clinicians should provide patients with information and support throughout the waiting period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superior Li-storage properties are reported for interconnected α-Fe2O3 derived from iron based wires collected from waste i.e. building supplies or scrap. An interconnected morphology is acquired without the addition of any surfactant or shape controlling agent. We also explore the possibility of employing such a material as a potential low cost conversion type anode for the fabrication of Li-ion cells with a LiMn2O4 cathode. Remarkably, α-Fe2O3 displayed a capacity of ∼1119 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1 in a half-cell configuration. Good cyclability is also noted, for example α-Fe2O3 delivered ∼800 mA h g−1 after 215 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. The irreversible capacity loss of the α-Fe2O3 anode has been effectively circumvented by an electrochemical pre-lithiation process and the anode is eventually paired with the eco-friendly cathode, LiMn2O4. The full-cell, LiMn2O4/α-Fe2O3 delivered the initial reversible capacity of ∼737 mA h g−1 with ∼78% retention after 40 cycles. This efficient waste management system with a gram scale synthesis procedure for α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles indeed paved the way for developing high performance Li-ion power packs for high energy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify risk groups with high suicidal ideation among South Korean adults. Design and Sample: A descriptive cross‐sectional design was adopted using secondary data from the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 5,963 adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2011 KNHANES served as participants. Measures: The prevalence of suicidal ideation and its related factors, including physical, psychological, health behavioral, and sociodemographic characteristics, were examined. Descriptive statistics and a decision tree were used for data analysis. Results: Nine groups with high suicidal ideation were identified. The coexistence of depression and high levels of stress increased the prevalence of suicidal ideation. The highest risk group was widowed or divorced adults with depression and high levels of stress, and 82.5% of these participants had suicidal ideation (the prevalence rate of this group was 5.7 times higher than the mean suicidal ideation prevalence rate in this study). Conclusion: Public health nurses and community mental health professionals should recognize risk groups with high suicidal ideation, and target these groups when implementing preventive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of group art therapy on improving the emotional capacities of older Korean adults with Neurocognitive Disorders (ND). In Korea, little research has been conducted on patients with mental disorders in nursing homes to measure the effectiveness of art therapy. Expanding upon previous research, this study tested an art therapy program that included 36 treatment sessions and used a wide variety of materials, including traditional materials, such as rice paper, Korean paints and brushes, and ink sticks. The program's goals were to reduce patients’ levels of depression and improve their ability to express themselves. This research analyzed the effect of art therapy using the Short Geriatric Depression Scale and computer analysis of painting patterns. Older Korean adults with ND were shown to have decreased levels of depression and increased levels of self-expression, demonstrating that group art therapy was effective at improving the condition of older patients with ND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although long-term therapy with antiepileptic drugs can increase the risk of vascular diseases, there have been little attempts to reduce the increased vascular risk in patients with epilepsy. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study to assess the effects of lifestyle modification and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy on the increased circulatory markers for vascular risk in patients with epilepsy. We recruited patients with increased vascular risk such as a history of vascular events or hypercholesterolemia, and they decided whether to be treated with statin or just to modify their lifestyle. The circulatory markers of vascular risk were measured twice before and after a 3-month intervention. A total of 78 patients completed the study, and 37 of them chose to be treated with statin. A 3-month intervention with statin results in significant decreases in homocysteine (p = 0.010) and uric acid (p = 0.015) as well as total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p < 0.001). The lifestyle modification group experienced less prominent decreases in total cholesterol (p = 0.010) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.012). There were no reports of serious adverse events or seizure aggravation related to the statin treatment. Our findings suggest that lifestyle education is necessary in patients with epilepsy with increased vascular risk and that treatment with statin would be a well-tolerated and effective option for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent used for the treatment of glioblastoma. The late autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) inhibits glioblastoma tumors in a p53-independent and p53-dependent manner. We addressed a possible beneficial effect of combination treatment with TMZ and CQ by examining the molecular and cellular mechanism of co-treatment. Combination treatment of U87 cell (wild type p53) with TMZ and CQ synergistically reduced cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, with increased sub-G 1 hypodiploid cells and caspase activation. This effect was abolished by a pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. TMZ induced autophagy, and the addition of CQ further increased autophagic vacuoles. Inhibition of early stages of autophagy by Beclin 1 knockdown and 3-methyladenine pretreatment prevented the enhanced effect of the combination treatment. The combination treatment also upregulated p53 and phospho-p53 levels, whereas p53 knockdown or overexpression of mutant p53 abolished the combination effect. In contrast, combination therapy had no enhanced effect on U373 cell (mutant p53) proliferation and apoptosis within 3 d, although TMZ induced autophagy and co-treatment with CQ increased autophagic vacuole accumulation. However, long term combination treatment for 9–10 d effectively decreased clonal and cellular growth with increased G 2 –M arrest. This effect was also abolished by Beclin 1 knockdown. Our data support the beneficial effect of combination treatment with TMZ and CQ in glioma via differential autophagy-associated mechanisms, depending on p53 status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the Fenton reaction, which is naturally used by fungi for wood decay, was employed to pretreat rice straw and increase the enzymatic digestibility for the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Using an optimized Fenton’s reagent (FeCl 3 and H 2 O 2 ) for pretreatment, an enzymatic digestibility that was 93.2% of the theoretical glucose yield was obtained. This is the first report of the application of the Fenton reaction to lignocellulose pretreatment at a moderate temperature (i.e., 25 °C) and with a relatively high loading of biomass (i.e., 10% (w/v)). Substantial improvement in the process economics of cellulosic fuel and chemical production can be achieved by replacing the conventional pretreatment with this Fenton-mimicking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study aims to identify the effects of type D personality on symptom control and quality of life and to explore factors influencing quality of life among asthma patients in Korea. Background Psychological factors such as depression and stress are well known to be related to medical outcomes and quality of life in asthma patients. People with type D personality are vulnerable to stress, show poor prognosis in disease and experience low quality of life. Design A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Methods A total of 144 patients with asthma participated in this study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires: the Type D Personality Scale-14, Asthma Control Test and Asthma-Specific Quality of Life. Results About 33% of participants were classified into the type D personality group. The type D personality group showed statistically significantly lower symptom control and asthma-specific quality of life compared to the non-type D personality group. Based on forward stepwise multiple regression, the most significant factor of quality of life was symptom control, followed by type D personality, hospitalisation within the previous one year, and lifetime hospitalisation experiences. Conclusions The prevalence of type D personality in asthma patients was high, and type D personality was significantly associated with poor symptom control and low quality of life. Psychosocial interventions might be beneficial to improve symptom control and quality of life in asthma patients with type D personality. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses should be aware of the high prevalence of type D personality and the effects on symptom control and quality of life in asthma patients. Nurses should also provide personality-specific interventions to improve quality of life in such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To take full advantage of graphenein macroscale devices, it isimportant to integrate two-dimensional graphene nanosheets into amicro/macrosized structure that can fully utilize graphene’snanoscale characteristics. To this end, we developed a novel spray-assistedself-assembly process to create a spherically integrated graphenemicrostructure (graphene microsphere) using a high-temperature organicsolvent in a manner reminiscent of deep-frying. This graphene microsphereimproves the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors, in contrastto nonassembled graphene, which is attributed to its structural andpore characteristics. Furthermore, this synthesis method can alsoproduce an effective graphene-based hybrid microsphere structure,in which Si nanoparticles are efficiently entrapped by graphene nanosheetsduring the assembly process. When used in a Li-ion battery, this materialcan provide a more suitable framework to buffer the considerable volumechange that occurs in Si during electrochemical lithiation/delithiation,thereby improving cycling performance. This simple and versatile self-assemblymethod is therefore directly relevant to the future design and developmentof practical graphene-based electrode materials for various energy-storagedevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

● Hard carbons were prepared from waste biomass through pyrolysis pretreatment. ● High-pressure pretreatment for long durations tuned the pore structure. ● The ultramicropores in modified hard carbon inhibited electrolyte decomposition and enhanced the diffusion kinetics. ● Optimum pretreatment conditions resulted in excellent electrochemical performance. Biomass-based hard carbon is the material of choice for fabricating fast charging anodes. However, their low initial coulombic efficiency (~70%) must be improved to increase energy density. In this study, the pore structure of hard carbon was tuned by pretreatment. The ultramicropores (< 0.4 nm) in modified hard carbon inhibited electrolyte decomposition and enhanced the diffusion kinetics. The hard carbon pretreated at 500 °C under 6 MPa for seven days showed a high capacity retention rate of 82%, despite fast charging and a low irreversible capacity. This strategy can help realize efficient lithium storage and diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dinuclear (π-allyl)palladium chlorides, [(π-allyl)Pd(μ-Cl)]2, were cleaved by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to give mononuclear (π-allyl)palladium-NHC chlorides, [(π-allyl)Pd(Cl)(NHC)] ( 1- 6) [NHC = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPR), 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine (SIPR), 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes)]. Complexes 1- 6 were subsequently treated with aqueous NaN3, KSCN, KOCN, and CF3COOAg to produce the corresponding mononuclear (π-allyl)palladium-NHC pseudohalogen complexes, [(π-allyl)Pd(X)(NHC)] (X = N3, NCS, SCN, NCO, CF3COO) ( 7- 30). These products could also be obtained by treating dinuclear pseudohalogen-bridged Pd complexes, [(π-allyl)Pd(μ-X)]2, which were prepared by replacing the μ-Cl ligand in [(π-allyl)Pd(μ-Cl)]2, with aqueous NaN3, KSCN, KOCN, or CF3COOAg, followed by cleavage with the NHCs. Reactions of [(π-allyl)Pd(N3)(NHC)] with organic isothiocyanates (R-NCS) or CH3O(CO)C≡CO(CO)CH3 resulted in selective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition into the Pd-azido bond to give heterocyclic compounds. By contrast, analogous reactions of [(η3-allyl)Pd(N3)(IPr)] with an organic isocyanide (R-NC: R = tert-butyl, benzyl) gave the adduct [(η3-allyl)Pd(N3)(IPr)] ·(R-NC) as the only product or a mixture of the adduct and a dipolar cycloaddition product, [(η3-allyl)Pd{CN4(R)}(IPr)], depending on the isocyanides used. Finally, a series of (π-allyl)Pd-NHC pseudohalogen complexes, [(π-allyl)Pd(X)(NHC)], exhibited high catalytic activity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Si nanoparticles were successfully entrapped between graphene nanosheets by simple self-assembly of chemically modified graphene (RGO) without using any chemical/physical linkers. The resulting Si/RGO architecture possessed a more efficient conducting/buffering framework for Si nanoparticles when compared to the framework of the mechanically mixed Si/RGO product. The Si/RGO architecture exhibited an improved cyclability (1481mAh/g after 50cycles) and showed favorable high-rate capability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A spinel Li4Ti5O12 nanoplatelet/reduced graphite oxide nano-hybrid was successfully synthesized by a two-step microwave-assisted solvothermal reaction and heat treatment. The Li4Ti5O12 in the hybrid could deliver a discharge capacity of 154mAhg−1 of Li4Ti5O12 at 1C-rate, 128mAhg-1 of Li4Ti5O12 at 50C-rate and 101mAhg-1 of Li4Ti5O12 at 100C-rate. It demonstrated promising potential as an anode material in a Li-ion battery with excellent rate capability and good cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Antiangiogenic activity can be elicited by the kringle domains 1 and 2 of tissue-type plasminogen activator (TK1–2), or the kringle 2 domain alone. In a previous report, we showed that the anti-migratory effect of TK1–2 is mediated in part by its interference with integrin α2β1. Since integrin α2β1 interacts with collagen type I through the DGEA (Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala) amino acid sequence, and a similar sequence, DGDA (Asp-Gly-Asp-Ala), exists in the kringle 2 domain, we investigated whether the DGDA sequence has a role in antiangiogenic activity of TK1–2. In an adhesion assay, the DGDA peptide inhibited adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to immobilized TK1–2. Pretreatment of the DGDA peptide also blocked anti-migratory activity of TK1–2. When the DGDA peptide alone was tested for antiangiogenic activity, it effectively inhibited VEGF-induced migration of HUVECs and tube formation on Matrigel. In addition, the DGDA peptide decreased differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells on collagen type I matrix. These data suggest that the DGDA sequence presents a functional epitope of TK1–2 and that it can be used as a potential novel antiangiogenic peptide. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Introduction: In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), widespread activation of intravascular coagulation accompanied with florid endothelial activation results in release of unusually large von Willebrand factor (ULvWF) from endothelium. Circulating a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats (ADAMTS)-13 may be consumed through the ongoing cleavage of ULvWF, resulting in a secondary deficiency of ADAMTS-13 in DIC. We determined whether ADAMTS-13 activity showed a significant correlation with the activation status of the coagulation system and hospital mortality in DIC. Materials and methods: ADAMTS-13 activity was assayed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay in 97 patients who were clinically suspected to have DIC. Results: ADAMTS-13 activity gradually decreased based on the DIC score and D-dimer levels and was correlated with the antithrombin level, representing the consumption of ADAMTS-13 during the ongoing coagulation process. There were no correlation between ADAMTS-13 activity and neutrophil CD64 expression as a neutrophil activation marker and circulating IL-6 level as an inflammatory marker. Patients with a low activity of ADAMTS-13 (≤56.4%) had a poor survival rate compared to patients with a high activity of ADAMTS-13. Conclusions: We conclude that ADAMTS-13 activity is strongly correlated with the severity of coagulopathy and hospital mortality. ADAMTS-13 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of DIC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Widespread coagulation activation and intravascular fibrin formation are clinical features of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) has been shown to be a useful marker for hypo- or hypercoagulability. The factor Xa-activated clotting time (XACT) represents plasma levels of procoagulant phospholipids. We investigated whether the ETP and XACT would be good prognostic markers in patients suspected of having DIC and whether these markers would show a significant correlation with the thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), a marker of in vivo coagulation activation. Methods: One hundred twenty-nine patients suspected of having DIC were enrolled for the study. The TAT was measured by ELISA. The ETP and XACT were measured by calibrated automated thrombinography. The 28-day mortality was used as a predictor of clinical outcomes. Results: In overt DIC, higher XACT (9.67 vs. 7.33 min) and higher TAT (26.15 vs. 11.56 ng/ml) results were obtained from the nonsurvivors than from the survivors. ETP levels were lower in the overt DIC group than in the no overt DIC group. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, which was conducted to predict the 28-day mortality, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic analysis curve were as follows: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62–0.78) for the XACT, 0.70 (0.61–0.77) for the TAT, and 0.64 (0.55–0.72) for the ETP. For the diagnosis of overt DIC, the area under the curve of XACT, TAT and ETP were 0.77 (0.69–0.84), 0.64 (0.55–0.72) and 0.73 (0.64–0.80), respectively. The odds ratio of the XACT for the relative risk of 28-day mortality was 9.60 (3.53–26.11), and that of the TAT was 5.18 (2.11–12.72) and that of the ETP 7.66 (1.67–35.17). For the diagnosis of overt DIC, the odds ratio of XACT, TAT and ETP were 37.35 (4.86–286.89), 4.89 (1.93–12.43) and 4.89 (1.98–12.09), respectively. There was a negative correlation between the TAT and ETP (r =−0.223, P =0.012) and a positive correlation between the TAT and XACT (r =0.251, P =0.004). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the XACT and ETP may be useful diagnostic and prognostic markers for the DIC. Among various markers, the XACT serves as a good prediction of the 28-day mortality in patients suspected of having DIC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Simple Summary: Fumigation is one effective cockroach control method. Ethyl formate (EF) has recently been employed as a grain fumigant and has been evaluated as relatively safer than other fumigants. In this experiment, the effects of an ethyl formate fumigant on two species of cockroaches were investigated. Cockroach nymphs and adults had 100% mortality, but the effect on egg hatching inhibition was weak. Therefore, ethyl formate could be used as a fumigant if the control period and its usage should be adjusted considering the developmental stage of the cockroach. Cockroaches cause problems as pests not only locally in residential areas but also internationally, as they can disperse across borders in transport vessels. We investigated the effects of the ethyl formate (EF) fumigant on all developmental stages of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana. For B. germanica eggs, the hatching inhibition rate increased directly proportionately with the increasing treatment concentration of EF, but the 100% control was not observed. P. americana eggs did not show any fumigation effect, even after exposure to 60 mg/L of fumigant in a 12 L desiccator. Adults and nymphs of the two species showed various fumigation effects dependent on the concentration in the 12 L desiccator. When EF was applied at the lethal concentration for 99% mortality (LCT99) values of 35 mg/L for 4 h (78.5 mg·h/L) and 60 mg/L for 2 h (70.8 mg·h/L), respectively, adults and nymphs of both species had 100% mortality in a 0.65 m3 fumigation chamber with a 20% loading ratio. However, no significant difference from the control was observed in the egg stage of either species of cockroach. The results of this experiment indicate that EF can be used as a fumigant for cross-border transport vessels if the control period occurs during the cockroach developmental stage and continuous refumigation is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We analyzed the adverse cardiac effect of rapid intravenous (IV) loading of lacosamide (LCM). • Of the 85 patients included, 32.9 % (28/85 patients) experienced at least one adverse cardiac event. • The most common adverse events were new-onset first-degree atrioventricular block (19 patients, 22.4 %) and hypotension (seven patients, 8.2 %). • The mean PR interval significantly increased (169.3 msec to 184.5 msec) after IV loading of LCM. • Older age was significantly associated with a higher increase in the PR interval. Lacosamide (LCM) is a new antiseizure medication, and intravenous (IV) loading of LCM is recently used against status epilepticus. IV loading of LCM is usually well-tolerated; however, there are concerns about LCM-induced serious adverse cardiac events. This study was aimed at investigating whether rapid IV loading of LCM is associated with adverse cardiac or hemodynamic events in cases of epilepsy emergencies in real-world settings. We reviewed medical records of consecutive adult epilepsy patients who received a single loading dose (400 mg) of IV LCM between January 2019 and December 2020 and included patients who exhibited status epilepticus or acute repetitive seizures. Electrocardiography findings, blood pressure, and heart rate before and after the IV infusion of LCM were collected. Of the 85 patients included, 32.9 % (28/85 patients) had experienced at least one cardiac adverse event. The most common adverse events were new-onset first-degree atrioventricular block (19 patients) and hypotension (seven patients). Atrial fibrillation and bradycardia developed in two patients and atrial flutter in one. There were significant increases in the mean PR interval (from 169.3 msec to 184.5 msec, P < 0.01) and decreases in the mean heart rate (from 91.7 to 86.9, P = 0.01) after IV loading of LCM. Older age was significantly associated with a higher magnitude of the PR interval difference between before and after IV loading of LCM. In cases of epilepsy emergencies, adverse cardiac events commonly developed after IV loading of LCM, although most adverse events were mild in severity or not clinically significant. Elderly patients or patients with underlying cardiac diseases were prone to exhibiting a more prolonged PR interval after IV loading of LCM. Thus, the loading dose of IV LCM should be infused under careful ECG monitoring in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]