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Background: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on cognitive distortions in adolescents living in difficult family situations. Methods: The current study utilized a semi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, involving random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups. Forty-five abused teenage girls from abusive homes in Mahabad city were selected. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people each) and a control group (15 people). All subjects completed the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire developed by Beck and Weissman (1987). The experimental groups received therapy sessions based on ACT by Efort and Forsis (2009) and CFT by Gilbert (2009), while the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed using mixed-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS version 27. Results: The results indicated no significant difference between the effectiveness of ACT and CFT. Both therapies were found to have a positive and significant impact on reducing cognitive distortions in the participants. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both ACT and CFT are effective therapeutic approaches in reducing cognitive distortions in adolescents from difficult family backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tough and most intense job conditions make nurses unable to control negative emotion and meta-emotion and weaken their job performance. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of compassion therapy and meta-cognitive therapy on nurses' meta-emotion levels. The research method was experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The sample included 60 nurses from hospitals in Tabriz in 2022, and they were randomly assigned to three groups of compassion therapy, meta-cognitive therapy and the control group. To collect the data, Mitmansgruber et al.'s (2009) meta-emotions scale was used. Then, the data were analyzed using the mixed analysis of variance model, Tukey's and Bonferroni's post hoc tests with the use of SPSS statistical software (version 22). The results showed that the effect of time factor on the amount of meta-emotion and its dimensions is significant. In other words, except compassion and interest, the amount of other dimensions of meta-emotions has decreased from pre-test to follow-up. Also, the interaction effect of time and group indicated that there was a significant difference between the compassion therapy and meta-cognitive therapy and control groups in the amount of anger (p < 0.000; F=20.98; Partial Eta²=0.424), shame (p < 0.000; F=17.47; Partial Eta²=0.380), anger control (p < 0.000; F=21.39; Partial Eta²=429), suppression (p < 0.000; F=8.93; Partial Eta2=0.329), compassion (p < 0.000; F=21.51; Partial Eta²=0.430) and interest (p < 0.000; F=36.79; Partial Eta²=0.564). But, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of these two interventions in reducing and increasing the amount of nurses' meta-emotions. Considering the effectiveness of compassion and meta-cognitive therapys on the level of nurses' meta-emotion, it seems that the application of compassionbased therapy and meta-cognitive therapy interventions will improve and moderate the level of meta-emotion in nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water splitting is a promising approach for storing intermittent renewable energies, such as sunlight in the clean chemical bonds as a hydrogen fuel. Two water-soluble octahedral cobalt (III) complexes, [Co(bpb)(OAc)(H 2 O)], 1 , (bpb2− = N,N′ -bis[(2-pyridine carboxamide)-1,2-benzene] dianion) and [Co(cbpb)(OAc)(H 2 O)], 2 , (cbpb2− = N,N′ -bis[(2-pyridine carboxamide)-4-chloro-1,2-benzene] dianion) were synthesised and characterised by CHN elemental analysis, UV–Vis, FT-IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The two carboxamide ligands had been prepared in the ionic liquid TBAB as an environmentally benign reaction medium. The electrocatalytic water splitting activity of 1 and 2 showed that both complexes are highly active for the water splitting in aqueous solutions. Turn Over Frequency (TOF) values were, for 1 and 2 respectively, 527 and 490 mol of hydrogen in each mole of catalyst per hour at an overpotential of 738 mV (pH = 7.0). Such a performance can be ascribed to the flat ligands, the electroactivity of the metal centre and carboxamide ligands and the ability of losing the axial ligands around the metal-ion centre during the reduction process which provide different reduction pathways for an HER process. • Synthesis/characterisation of two carboxamide complexes, [Co(bpb)(OAc)(H 2 O)] (1) , and [Co(cbpb)(OAc)(H 2 O)] (2). • Electrocatalytic behaviour of 1 and 2 in the water splitting process was investigated. • A mole of catalyst affords TOFs of 527 and 490 moles of hydrogen per hour for 1 and 2. • Earth-abundant and inexpensive materials pave the way in water-reduction by electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) has two subtypes, care-seeking type, and careavoidant. There is little information about the differences between the two subtypes. Methods: This study was carried out to compare perfectionism and tolerance of ambiguity in the subtypes of the IAD. To this end, a causal-comparative design was employed. The statistical population of the study included clients with symptoms of IAD who were referred to psychiatric and psychological clinics in Urmia city (West Azerbaijan Province, Iran) in 2019. After conducting a semi-structured interview, 60 subjects were selected as samples, using a convenience sampling method. The Perfectionism Inventory and the Tolerance of Ambiguity questionnaire were utilized for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by the multivariate analysis of variance test. Results: The care-avoiding subtype showed significantly higher scores on some subscales of perfectionism, including concern over mistakes (F=8.735; P=0.005), need for approval (F=4.988; P=0.029), and organization (F=4.505; P=0.038). On the contrary, the care-seeking type showed a significantly lower tolerance of ambiguity than the care-avoidant type (t=2.689; P=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest some subtle differences between the subtypes of IAD. As a result, paying attention to these differences can lead to developing tailored treatments for each of the IAD subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We extend the semiregularity property to consider some degenerate families of prismatic elements. • We investigate the geometry of semiregular families of prismatic elements. • Under the extension of semiregularity property, we prove that the interpolation error is of order O (h) in the H 1 -norm. In this paper we introduce the semiregularity property for a family of decompositions of a polyhedron into a natural class of prisms. In such a family, prismatic elements are allowed to be very flat or very long compared to their triangular bases, and the edges of quadrilateral faces can be nonparallel. Moreover, the triangular faces of each element are either parallel or skew to each other. To estimate the error of the interpolation operator defined on the finite space whose basis functions are defined on the general prismatic elements, we consider quadratic polynomials as the basis functions for that space which are bilinear on the reference prism. We then prove that under this modification of the semiregularity criterion, the interpolation error is of order O (h) in the H 1 -norm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note we present a generalization of the maximum angle condition, proposed by J.L. Synge in 1957 and M. Křížek in 1992 for triangular and tetrahedral elements, respectively, for the case of higher-dimensional simplicial finite elements. Its relations to the other angle-type conditions commonly used in interpolation theory and in finite element analysis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an analogue of the maximum angle condition (commonly used in finite element analysis for triangular and tetrahedral meshes) for the case of prismatic elements. Under this condition, prisms in the meshes may degenerate in certain ways, violating the so-called inscribed ball condition presented by P.G.Ciarlet (1978), but the interpolation error remains of the order O(h) in the H1-norm for sufficiently smooth functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effects of Islamic spiritual therapy compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress inoculation training (SIT) on distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity in patients with stomach cancer. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study based on a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population included patients with stomach cancer in Ardabil City, Iran in 2021. Sixty individuals were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The measurement tools were Simon and Gaher's distress tolerance scale and the Anxiety sensitivity index by Floyd et al., which were administered to all three groups before the group intervention and at the end of the tenth session. The first experimental group was exposed to Islamic spiritual therapy, the second test group received SIT and the control group did not receive any psychological treatment. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the Islamic spirituality therapy and SIT had a significant effect on distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity compared to the control group. However, Islamic spiritual therapy was more effective in improving distress tolerance (F=445.940) and reducing anxiety sensitivity (F=65.502) compared to the SIT group (P≤0.01). Conclusion: It appears that the combination of Islamic spiritual therapy with SIT, despite its emphasis on irrational thoughts, is less effective than Islamic spiritual therapy alone in reducing negative thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study tries to reach a new order of convergence at the collocation points. For this reason we estimated the solution of the Volterra integral equation to lower and upper solutions on the whose elements are spline polynomials of degree . Since the upper solution is based on the iterated method the superconvergence cannot be accrued at the collocation points. In fact, the upper solution at these points is equal to zero. Therefore, the lower solution which is obtained from the linear system of equations is supposed as an approximating solution at the collocation points and the order of convergence at these points for is 2 and otherwise . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The field-emission properties of molybdenum oxide nanowires grown on a silicon substrate and its emission performance in various vacuum gaps are reported in this article. A new kind of molybdenum oxides named nanowires with nanoscale protrusions on their surfaces were grown by thermal vapor deposition with a length of ~1 μm and an average diameter of ~50 nm. The morphology, structure, composition and chemical states of the prepared nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). According to XRD, XPS, and TEM analyses, the synthesized samples were composed of MoO nanowires formed over a thin layer of crystalline MoO. TEM observation revealed that these nanowires have some nanoscale protrusion on their surface. These nanoprotrusions resulted in enhancement of field-emission properties of nanowires comprising nanoprotrusions. The turn-on emission field and the enhancement factor of this type of nanostructures were measured 0.2 V/μm and 42991 at the vacuum gap of 300 μm, respectively. These excellent emission properties are attributed to the special structure of the nanowires that have potential for utilizing in vacuum nanoelectronic and microelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. One common factor that may affect CVD risk factors is sleep disturbance. The factors influencing an individual's sleep may vary among different cultures. The current study investigated sleep quality and quantity in the Fasa cohort population as an Iranian population. In a cross-sectional study using the Fasa PERSIAN cohort study data, 10,129 subjects aged 35–70 were entered. Self-reported sleep duration and cardiovascular events were recorded. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is used to predict cardiovascular events. Adjusted logistic regression showed significant odds ratios in subjects who sleep less than 6 hours for CVD (OR = 1.23; 95% CI:1.03–1.48), coronary heart disease (CHD) (OR = 1.21; 95% CI:1.009–1.46), and hypertension (HTN) (OR = 1.37; 95% CI:1.16–1.62). Higher risk profiles were also seen in the FRS for short sleepers. The highest significant odds ratios in FRS profiles in the intermediate high-risk group compared with the low-risk group were (1.44; 95% CI:1.18–1.75) in CVD and (1.48; 95% CI:1.16–1.88) in CHD risk score profiles. It can be suggested that participants with short durations of sleep had significantly higher CVD, HTN prevalence, and 10-year FRS. Participants with long sleep durations had no increase in CVD, CHD, myocardial infarction (MI), or HTN prevalence. MI prevalence was at the lowest level in subjects who got 8 to 8.9 hours of sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The ZnO nanowires have been synthesized using vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) process on Au catalyst thin film deposited on different substrates including Si(100), epi-Si(100), quartz and alumina. The influence of surface roughness of different substrates and two different environments (Ar+H2 and N2) on formation of ZnO nanostructures was investigated. According to AFM observations, the degree of surface roughness of the different substrates is an important factor to form Au islands for growing ZnO nanostructures (nanowires and nanobelts) with different diameters and lengths. Si substrate (without epi-taxy layer) was found that is the best substrate among Si (with epi-taxy layer), alumina and quartz, for the growth of ZnO nanowires with the uniformly small diameter. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that different nanostructures including nanobelts, nanowires and microplates have been synthesized depending on types of substrates and gas flow. Observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that the nanostructures are grown by VLS mechanism. The field emission properties of ZnO nanowires grown on the Si(100) substrate, in various vacuum gaps, were characterized in a UHV chamber at room temperature. Field emission (FE) characterization shows that the turn-on field and the field enhancement factor (β) decrease and increases, respectively, when the vacuum gap (d) increase from 100 to 300μm. The turn-on emission field and the enhancement factor of ZnO nanowires are found 10V/μm and 1183 at the vacuum gap of 300μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction We aimed to evaluate the relationship between suicide method, and gender, age, and level of education in a nationwide study in Iran over the period from 2006 to 2010. Methods Data on completed suicide cases referred to all forensic medicine centers throughout the country that were approved by an autopsy test were collected using data collection forms, which were filled out by the family members in interview sessions. Then, statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance and chi-square tests, as well as logistic regression analysis. Results Hanging is more popular among men (62.9% versus 27.7%), while self-burning is preferable for women (39% versus 7%) ( P < 0.0001). Younger individuals more frequently adopt a highly violent method, firearms (mean age of 27.1), while older persons more often use hanging and poisoning (mean ages of 32.4 and 32.1, respectively) ( P < 0.0001). Hanging and self-burning are more frequently used by persons with lower levels of education, whereas poisoning is more popular with more educated individuals ( P < 0.0001). Discussion All of the studied variables, that is, gender, age, education level, are critical risk factors of adopting different suicide methods in an Iranian population. Future work is necessary to explore the psychopathology adopting different suicide methods in the Iranian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]