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Setting out to understand "indexicality" and its significance in Ethnomethodology, it is first necessary to trace the history of the ideas of Harold Garfinkel. From his early commitment to find "order" in his Harvard dissertation, Garfinkel finds himself in California defending Parsons' Structural Functionalism while confronting Goffman and Symbolic Interactionism, based in Simmelian, Schützian Sociology. From the audience of students shared with Goffman, Garfinkel puts aside the "situation" of Symbolic Interaction in favour of a process, "Indexicality", abandoning theorising in favour of ethnomethodology as the means to understand "order*". This paper, then, demonstrates how indexicality works and proposes completing the tasks that Garfinkel set out in the Studies to disclose the taken-for-granted, the left out, bounded by caveats like No-Time-Out and For-all-practical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcoidosis is a rare granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that can affect any organ. Cardiac involvement, although uncommon, has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and is potentially fatal. Although there is no agreement upon a strategy for the diagnosis (which is difficult to make based on clinical information alone), the introduction of newer technology is promising and may be useful both for the early diagnosis of cardiac involvement and for the evaluation of response to therapy.Early treatment is crucial in improving symptoms and prognosis. ICD implantation and cardiac transplantation may offer improvements in management, as steroid therapy and pacemaker implantation has led to improved outcomes over the past three decades. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

: PurposeTo determine whether clinical parameters alone can differentiate normal versus decreased systolic left ventricular function in patients with heart failure.: Subjects and methodsDetailed clinical data were collected prospectively from 225 consecutive patients who were hospitalized with heart failure. Findings in patients with normal (ejection fraction ≥45%) or decreased (ejection fraction <45%) left ventricular function were compared.: ResultsSystolic function was normal in 104 patients (46%) and decreased in 121 patients (54%). Patients with normal function were older (mean [± SD] age, 59 ± 13 years vs. 54 ± 13 years, P = 0.007) and more likely to be female (56% vs. 35%, P = 0.001), obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, 62% vs. 48%, P = 0.04), have marked systolic (≥160 mm Hg, 50% vs. 27%, P <0.001) and diastolic (≥110 mm Hg, 25% vs. 13%, P = 0.02) hypertension, and use calcium antagonists (34% vs. 14%, P = 0.001). Patients with decreased function were more likely to use alcohol (37% vs. 20%, P = 0.007), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (85% vs. 62%, P <0.001), and digoxin (57% vs. 27%, P <0.001); and more likely to have tachycardia (51% vs. 32%, P = 0.004), rales (89% vs. 80%, P = 0.05), electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (42% vs. 22%, P = 0.002), left atrial abnormality (52% vs. 22%, P <0.001), or flow cephalization on chest radiograph (91% vs. 79%, P = 0.02). Only sex, tachycardia, and use of digoxin and ACE inhibitors were associated with ventricular function in multivariable analysis. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for all clinical variables were low.: ConclusionDifferences in clinical parameters in heart failure patients with decreased versus normal systolic function cannot predict systolic function in these patients, supporting recommendations that heart failure patients should undergo specialized testing to measure ventricular function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Rates of cardiologists’ recommendations for revascularization and rates of performance of these procedures were compared in 1,961 black and white patients who underwent cardiac catheterization at a larger inner-city public hospital. After adjustment for clinical and angiographic characteristics, recommendations to undergo revascularization were similar in blacks and whites who had coronary disease. Blacks and whites were equally likely to undergo recommended angioplasty, but blacks were significantly less likely to undergo recommended surgical revascularization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Determines whether short stature was associated with prevalence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a population of Afro-Americans who underwent coronary angiography. Absence of differences across the quintiles or between the shortest and tallest quintiles with respect to age and CAD risk factors; Association of short stature with increased prevalence of CAD.

Industry 4.0 arrives with a multitude of technological advances which impact the different components of a product's value chain. Most existing research investigate the application of Industry 4.0 technologies in various parts of the manufacturing process. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on decision-making and how it must be adapted in order to truly benefit from the advantages brought by these technologies. This paper is thus intended to give more enlightenment on the subject, with evidence brought from the textile and clothing industry. Following this objective, a systematic literature review of research articles associated with decision-making in the Industry 4.0 era is performed with a focus on the textile and clothing industry. Articles were retrieved from the Scopus database, and the selection procedure resulted in 61 research papers. Moreover, a content analysis was performed using tables and graphs featuring quantitative results which are grounded on the proposed taxonomy. This study permits to identify some decision-making trends such as data-driven, real-time, decentralized, integrated, and sustainable decision-making. Following these decision-making trends and technologies brought by Industry 4.0, we discuss the keys for a competitive textile and clothing industry of the future. Finally, challenges facing the industry are presented following two aspects including digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies implementation as well as environmental and social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We offer new insights into how an explosive eruption can transition into an effusive eruption. Magma containing >0.2 wt% dissolved water has the potential to vesiculate to a porosity in excess of 80 vol.% at atmospheric pressure. Thus all magmas contain volatiles at depth sufficient to form foams and explosively fragment. Yet gas is often lost passively and effusive eruptions ensue. Magmatic foams are permeable and understanding permeability in magma is crucial for models that predict eruptive style. Permeability also governs magma compaction models. Those models generally imply that a reduction in magma porosity and permeability generates an increased propensity for explosivity. Here, our experimental results show that surface tension stresses drive densification without creating an impermeable ‘plug’, offering an additional explanation of why dense magmas can avoid explosive eruption. In both an open furnace and a closed autoclave, we subject pumice samples with initial porosity of ∼70 vol.% to a range of isostatic pressures (0.1–11 MPa) and temperatures (350–950 °C) relevant to shallow volcanic environments. Our experimental data and models constrain the viscosity, permeability, timescales, and length scales over which densification by pore-scale surface tension stresses competes with density-driven compaction. Where surface tension dominates the dynamics, densification halts at a plateau connected porosity of ∼25 vol.% for our samples. SEM, pycnometry and micro-tomography show that in this process (1) microporous networks are destroyed, (2) the relative pore network surface area decreases, and (3) a remaining crystal framework enhances the longevity of macro-pore connectivity and permeability critical for sustained outgassing. We propose that these observations are a consequence of a surface tension-driven retraction of viscous pore walls at areas of high bubble curvature (micro-vesicular network terminations), and that this process drives bulk densification and permits continued outgassing. We propose a regime diagram of the relative dominance of surface tension and gravitational compaction that illustrates the interplay between viscosity, permeability, lengthscale and timescale. We contend that surface tension-driven magma densification is an as-yet overlooked phenomenon that extends our volcanological, geothermal and hydrothermal knowledge of how gas can escape densifying volcanic plugs and why dense lavas remain permeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of systolic heart failure (HF). Identifying CAD as a cause of systolic HF has prognostic and treatment implications. Whether all patients with systolic HF of unclear etiology should undergo coronary angiography has been controversial. We sought to derive and validate a clinical prediction rule to exclude CAD as a cause of systolic HF. A derivation cohort was formed of consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiography with a primary diagnosis of systolic HF of unclear etiology (ejection fraction <50%). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we derived a prediction rule for severe CAD (⩾50% diameter stenosis in the left main, 3-vessel CAD, and 2-vessel CAD involving the proximal left anterior descending artery). The diagnostic performance of the defined prediction rule was prospectively validated in a separate cohort recruited from 2 institutions. Of the 124 patients in the derivation cohort, 27% had CAD, including 15% with severe CAD. The independent predictors of severe CAD included diabetes (odds ratio 5.1, p = 0.005), electrocardiographic Q waves or left bundle branch block (odds ratio 3.8, p = 0.02), and ⩾2 nondiabetes risk factors: age (men ⩾55 or women ⩾65 years), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and tobacco use (odds ratio 4.8, p = 0.02). A prediction rule of having ⩾1 independent predictor identified 97% of the patients with CAD and 100% of the patients with severe CAD. In the prospective validation cohort of 143 patients, the prediction rule had 98% sensitivity and 18% specificity for CAD but 100% sensitivity for severe CAD. In conclusion, a simple clinical prediction rule can accurately identify patients with CAD and eliminate the need for angiography in a substantial proportion of patients with systolic HF, with potentially significant cost savings and risk avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: To determine mutable risk factors for asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction in ethnic minority patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We recruited consecutive adults with newly diagnosed diabetes who had no signs or symptoms or history of heart disease. All patients received standardized evaluation including interview, physical examination, laboratory tests and echocardiogram with tissue Doppler studies. We used logistic regression models to identify mutable risk factors for diastolic dysfunction. Results: Among 126 study subjects (52% women, age 45±10 years, BMI 33±7, 42% with hypertension, 100% ejection fraction ≥50%), evidence of diastolic dysfunction was present in 64 (51%). After controlling for age, heart rate and blood pressure, independent predictors of diastolic dysfunction included physical inactivity (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 0.9–6.1; P =0.08) and glucose (OR: 4.9; 95% CI: 1.4–17.8; P =0.02). Physical inactivity was associated with early diastolic dysfunction (impaired relaxation), whereas epicardial fat thickness and glucose levels were associated with late diastolic dysfunction (impaired compliance). The hs-CRP and BNP levels were not associated with diastolic dysfunction. Conclusions: Asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction was prevalent among urban minority patients newly diagnosed with diabetes. Important differences exist among factors that affect early and late diastolic function that may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]