Search

In the post-Hiroshima era, atomic cities—designed to survive a nuclear attack—remain in the science fiction realm. Yet Hungarian émigré Paul Laszlo, a successful architect in Southern California suburbia, had a utopian vision for a futuristic, paradoxically luxurious atomic city he called "Atomville," never built but nonetheless seriously proposed. Laszlo was one of the very few architects known to venture into atomic survival on this scale. This article focuses on why the architectural profession for the most part ignored the issues raised by the atomic bomb, and on Laszlo's role as an outlier. It also deals with the genesis of Atomville and its place among the many unrealized ideas put forward in the 1940s and 1950s for urban survival, including underground buildings, urban dispersal, linear cities, and cluster cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the establishment of technical institutions by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in India and in Iran. MIT emerged from World War II having an impressive, worldwide reputation in basic and applied science and engineering. After MIT redefined its own engineering education, policy makers in the U.S. urged the institute to develop new technical institutions of higher education around the world, which led to its participation in creating the said institutions.

Deals with a manuscript by mathematician Norbert Wiener which focuses on concerns about war, implications of the atomic bomb for the society and the social role of technology. Implication of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan for the U.S. public life; View of Wiener on a nuclear offensive strategy; Purpose of anticipatory defense; Recommendation regarding the decentralization communication system in cities.

In the United States of America, the years from 1880 to 1915 were a period of rapid urbanization, combined in some areas with intense industrialization. This paper explores the creation in cities of the new industrial heartland of new institutions of higher learning. The case studies chosen illustrate varying responses to local needs for scientific and technical expertise, and illuminate how new concepts of higher education in the United States helped to shape the emergent connection between science and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]