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The modern gas turbines need to run at very high inlet temperature to promote their power output. Thus, improvements in cooling technologies play a significant role for enhancing the gas turbine blade life. In this paper, thermohydraulic performance (THP) of a two-pass square channel with inclined ribs at 45° was scrutinized employing the k – ε realizable model with enhanced wall treatment in ANSYS Fluent. The calculations were performed for the rib pitch to height ratio (p / e) of 5-10, rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio (e / D h ) of 0.1-0.2, and Reynolds number (Re) of 20,000-40,000. Detailed analysis of the flow structure in a double passage square duct was carried out to understand the interaction of the rib and bend-induced secondary flows and its contribution to heat transfer enhancement for the rib configurations with distinct p / e and e / D h , which was not available in any other existing numerical or experimental investigations. The results revealed that the ribs with higher e / D h generated the stronger stream-wise secondary flows which led to the augmentation of the cooling performance with the disadvantage of pressure loss increment. The maximum THP of 26.55% was achieved with the ribbed configuration having p / e = 5 and e / D h = 0.1 at Re = 20,000. The new correlations were developed from the computational data to predict the normalized Nusselt number and friction factor (Nu / N u 0 and f / f 0 , where 0 is the correlation), taking the e / D h and flow Re into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sun is an abundantly available and clean renewable energy source. Therefore, solar energy offers significant potential for mitigating climate change and reducing emissions from burning fossil fuels in the future. Solar chimney power plants (SCPPs) have a technical capability for meeting the massive sustainable power production. Basic parts of SCPP system are the chimney, turbine, and collector. The geometric dimensions of the components are the crucial factors for improving the solar chimney efficiency. The goal of this work is to analyse the influences of the inclination angle (θ) at chimney inlet on performance characteristics of the system by employing RNG k − ε turbulence model coupled with discrete ordinate (DO) solar ray tracing method via ANSYS Fluent CFD software. The model is built by taking into consideration geometric parameters of Manzanares plant and verified with its measurements. The innovative chimney entrance configurations are produced by altering the chimney entrance slope (θ = 50 °–80°) with the geometrical dimensions of the chimney, collector, and fillet keeping constant. The computational results display that the new chimney configurations improve the maximum velocity, system power output, and turbine pressure drop. The peak velocity of 18.1 m/s is gained for the configuration with θ = 80 ° compared to that of 14.3 m/s obtained for the base model having θ = 45 ° at 1000 W/m2. Besides, this configuration enhances power output to 61.5 kW with a rise of 24.5% compared to the base model with a power output of 49.1 kW at 1000 W/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different mixture ratios of sorghum (S) and cluster bean (CB) on fermentation parameters, nutritional composition, and gas-methane production of mixture silages. Five different mixture ratios (100%S, 75%S+25%CB, 50%S+50CB, 25%S+75%CB and 100%CB) were used in this study. Effects of mixture ratios on entire parameters were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01). Decreasing ADF and NDF ratios and increasing crude protein, ash and oil contents and condensed tannin levels were observed with increasing cluster bean ratios of the mixtures. However, cluster beans reduced WSC and lactic acid and increased pH, butyric acid and ethanol contents. The lowest Fleig score was obtained from cluster bean silage (100%CB). The lowest gas-methane production was obtained from cluster bean silage and the greatest ME and NEL values were obtained from sorghum silage (100%S). The best OMD values were obtained from sorghum silage and 75%S +25%CB mixture silage. The present findings revealed that a 50%S+50%CB mixture yielded high nutritional composition and good fermentation parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, aerial parts of dandelion were exposed to extraction by different solvents such as water, ethanol, methanol and glycerol and also their aqueous mixtures to compare the effect of extraction solvents on bioactive performance of the dandelion and also to show the effectiveness of hydroglycerolic extraction which is a green extraction process. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were determined and also antiradical scavenging activities and antioxidant capacities of the samples were also evaluated. TPC and TFC of the samples ranged between 4.63-21.28 mg GAE/g and 1.16-14.38 mg CE/g, respectively. The highest TPC and TFC values were determined in aqueous extract of glycerol (75% w/w) compared to other solvents. Additionally, ABTS.+ and DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing capacity and antioxidant capacity values were determined for the extracts and the best solvent was also aqueous glycerol (75% w/w). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypericum perforatum is a widely used medicinal plant known that it has high bioactive performance due to its special biochemical compounds in its structure. The current study aimed to determine the optimum processing parameters of extraction conditions of bioactive constituents in H. perforatum by ultrasound application and its some bioactive performance. For this purpose, different processing variables namely sonication period (min), liquid/solid ratio and ethanol concentration (%) were selected to characterize the best conditions for extraction of H. perforatum. The statistical analysis results revealed that the most effective factor on the studied parameters was ethanol concentration and increment of ethanol level increased the characterized responses until a constant value. The constructed regression models fit very well with quite high determination of coefficients (R²>0.906). Total phenolic content was in the range of 39.54-63.55 mg GAE/g sample while total hypericin concentration ranged between 211.5-858.7 mg/kg. Multiple response optimization results revealed that the optimum extraction conditions would be at 47.6% ethanol concentration and 22.2 mL of liquid/solid ratio for 60 min ultrasonic process application. The results revealed that the optimized extraction conditions could be utilized for ultrasound extraction system by industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the oldest oilseed crops is sesame, which is mainly cultivated due to its valuable oleic/linolenic fatty acid ratio. The application of precise irrigation and fertilisation is crucial to ensure the continuity and productivity of sesame production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aimed to determine the effect of drip irrigation and nitrogen levels on sesame's oil and fatty acid composition. For this purpose, four nitrogen doses (N0: 0 kg ha−1, N30: 30 kg ha−1, N60: 60 kg ha−1 and N90: 90 kg ha−1) and three different irrigation water levels (I50, I75 and I100, which correspond to 50, 75 and 100% evaporation levels from the evaporation of the Class A pan) were applied. The highest oleic acid content (43.06%) was obtained for the I75N90 treatment. In the case of linoleic fatty acid, the greatest value (43.66%) was for I50N0 treatment. The effects of irrigation and nitrogen doses on oleic acid and linoleic acid content were inverse of each other. An increase in applied irrigation water increased the linoleic acid content. However, it caused a decrease in oleic acid content. Increasing the nitrogen dose increased the oleic acid content and caused a decrease in linoleic acid content. Furthermore, this study showed that the I50N60 treatment (50% Epan and a rate of 60 kg N ha−1) is the most effective for achieving high grain and oil yields in sesame cultivation. The results obtained provide practical guidance for farmers in sesame cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-going global warming results in depletion of water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the effect of irrigation levels on different plants for productivity and quality in agriculture. Impacts of different irrigation levels on green and dry herbage yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were investigated in this study. Field trails were conducted for two years (2021 and 2022) with 5 different irrigation levels (IWT 100 : 100%, IWT 75 : 75%, IWT 50 : 50% and IWT 25 : 25% of depleted water and IWT 0 : rain-fed). The highest crop water productivity (CWP) was obtained from IWT 75 treatments. Fenugreek plants were found to be drought sensitive in terms of green herbage yield and tolerant in terms of dry herbage and protein yield. Green Herbage (from 4715.07 to 14,154.55 kg ha−1), dry herbage (from 1038.13 to 2977.49 kg ha−1) and crude protein (from 245.85 to 558.67 kg ha−1) yields increased with increasing irrigation levels. Irrigations increased cell-wall components and crude ash content and reduced protein, oil and condensed tannin contents. Irrigations increased minerals, except for Ca and K. Irrigations also increased fatty acids, except for linoleic acid. The highest palmitic acid content was obtained from IWT 25 and stearic acid content from IWT 50 and IWT 75 treatments. The highest total amino acids were obtained from IWT 0 and IWT 50 and total essential amino acids from IWT 50 treatments. Based on present findings, IWT 50 and IWT 75 irrigation treatments could be recommended for high yield and quality in fenugreek cultivation. ● Irrigation was increased yield, mineral and fatty acid compositions improved. ● Irrigation was decreased protein and oil ratios decreased. ● Irrigation of 50 or 75% of field capacity are enough for yield and forage quality in fenugreek cultivation. ● The best results in terms of amino acid composition were obtained from I 50 irrigation. ● With increasing irrigation levels, ADF, NDF, ADL, crude fiber and ratios increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has acquired increasing importance because of operating at higher efficiency and producing environmentally friendly power at low temperatures over the past decade. Flow channel as a vital part of PEMFC plays a critical role for augmenting the performance of PEMFC. In this paper, a single phase, 3-D model is generated to examine impact of the channel cross-section geometry on the cell performance. 15 different simulation cases were gained by altering the flow channel width and depth from 0.2 to 1.6 mm for the fixed depth and width of 1 mm, respectively. In the base case, the channel dimensions are 1.0 mm width and depth. The results revealed that decreasing depth and width of the channel enhanced the current density thanks to increasing gas velocity in the flow channels of the anode and cathode at the expense of increased pressure drop. The cases having the channel cross-sectional dimensions of 0.2 x 0.1 mm and 0.1 x 0.2 mm (channel width x depth) enhanced the current density about 57% and 45% at 0.4 V compared to the base case. Besides, oxygen consumption and water production in the cathode side are also remarkably increased in these cases. However, the channel cross-sectional size of 0.8 x 1 mm case which increases the current density 2.5% at 0.4 V in comparison with the base case can be best option by taking into consideration pressure drop into the flow channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is conducted to characterize some nutritional attributes and starch properties of 156 Turkish sorghum populations and 4 standard cultivars (Sorghum bicolor L.). Crude protein contents of the populations vary between 6.67% and 14.33%, digestible protein ratios between 6.67% and 82.24%, crude oil contents between 2.15% and 6.40%, phytic acid contents between 0.37% and 4.09%, resistant starch between 1.10% and 34.23%, nonresistant starch between 10.79% and 79.61%, total starch between 15.42% and 85.54%, amylose between 5.67% and 43.48%, amylopectin between 9.45% and 65.67%, total phenolic between 0.19% and 5.06 mg GAE/g and antiradical activity between 3.72% and 91.48%. Significant differences are obtained from starch‐based Rapid Visco Analyzer parameters of sorghum genotypes. As compared standard cultivars, several superior genotypes are identified in terms of nutritional characteristics. Genotype treatment (GT) biplot analysis revealed ideal genotypes for investigated parameters. Present findings confirmed that there are many genotypes with superior nutritional properties in local sorghum genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-three different Hypericum perforatum genotypes were characterized in terms of morphological (plant height, herbage yields), physicochemical (ash, cellulose, protein, and colour), and bioactive properties. The antioxidant and antibacterial capacity were also assessed. All genotype samples were characterized as flower part and whole plant (aerial part). It was observed that the plant height ranged between 21.6 and 96.6 cm and whole plant drog yield was in the range of 11–146 g. Bioactivity showed wide distribution for the samples and all bioactive parameter values were measured as lower for the whole plant compared to the flower part. Total phenolic content ranged between 60.39-110.54 and 49.08–89.53 mg GAE/g for the flower part and whole plant, respectively. Flower extracts also showed good inhibition activity against some Gram (+) bacteria. The GT-Biplot statistical mathematical classification approach was applied to reveal the promising genotypes. • Hypericum perforatum genotypes were morphologically investigated. • The antioxidant and antibacterial capacity were also assessed. • Extracts from flower parts showed higher bioactivity than those from whole plants. • Flower extracts inhibited some Gram (+) bacteria. • GT-Biplot approach was applied to unravel the promising genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on some properties of maize were investigated. • The highest total starch was obtained from I50 and N3 combination. • Amylopectin increased with the effect of irrigation while the amylose decreased. • The lowest phytic acid level was also obtained from I100 and N1 treatment. Abstract In the present study, the effects of different irrigation levels (I50: 50%; I75: 75%; and I100: 100% of depleted water from field capacity) and nitrogen fertilizer concentrations (N1:100, N2:200 and N3:300 kg ha−1N) on starch properties (total, resistant and nonresistant starch, amylose-amylopectin ratios) and phytic acid content of maize were investigated. The single and interaction effects of the treatments and also influence of harvesting year were evaluated. Total starch accumulation changed with the treatments and the highest values were obtained from I50 and N3 combination and the lowest levels were recorded for I100-N1 and I100-N2 treatments. Amylopectin increased with the effect of irrigation, while the amylose decreased with the irrigation treatment in parallel to amylopectin content. Besides, the lowest phytic acid level was also obtained from the treatments of I100 and N1. This study would provide some valuable information for agricultural and nutritional applications of maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed oil contents, fatty acid compositions and mineral contents of twenty Onobrychis viciifolia genotypes (sainfoin) were investigated in this study. The fatty acid composition of O. viciifolia genotypes had different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. For saturated fatty acids, O. viciifolia genotypes contained palmitic and stearic acids as the major component and contained small amount of myristic and arachidic acids. The major unsaturated fatty acids were identified as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Total saturated fatty acids contents varied between 10.50 and 14.28% and total unsaturated fatty acid contents varied between 85.72 and 89.50%. Co, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni and Zn were detected in crop seeds in different amounts. The proximate analysis indicated that seed Co contents varied between 13.53 and 114.83 ppm, Mn contents between 28.14 and 97.20 ppm, Fe contents between 113.7 and 277.7 ppm, Cu contents between 7.19 and 12.24 ppm, Ni contents between 1.14 and 19.73 ppm and Zn contents between 26.03 and 52.39 ppm, respectively. The result of this study suggest that further studies are obligatory to invigorate in terms of animal nutrition and phytochemicals of O. viciifolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Origanum onites was used for the production of tincture, a hydroalcholic extract, and manufacturing conditions were optimized to determine the processing factor variable levels to increase the final quality of samples. For this purpose, response surface methodology study was applied and Box Behnken design was used for the optimization. Three factors were selected namely liquid/solid ratio, ethanol concentration and storage period for the preparation of samples. Total phenolic content, antiradical activity and efficient of concentration (EC50) values were determined to evaluate the bioactivity of tincture samples. It was observed that the total phenolic content of the tincture samples was affected by ethanol concentration and liquid/solid ratio. Total phenolic contents of tincture samples were in the range of 964.1-7020.8 mg GAE/L samples while the efficient concentration (EC50) ranged from 44.88 to 89.56. Increase of solid level increased the bioactivity values of samples, but this increment decreased the tincture yield significantly. Optimization results showed that the highest total phenolic content would be at 50% ethanol concentration, 6 ml ethanol level which means the liquid/solid ratio is 1:5 and 15 days storage for the tincture samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the seed yield, straw yield and straw quality parameters of forage pea lines and cultivars in the years 2014 and 2015. As the plant material, 14 different forage pea genotypes including 6 lines and 8 cultivars were used. Experiments were conducted in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Seed yield, straw yield, thousand seed weight, crude ash ratio, crude protein ratio, crude protein yield, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI) and relative feed value (RFV) were investigated. Seed yields varied between 33.8-180.2 kg da-1, straw yields between 160.3-887.0 kg da-1, thousand seed weights between 99.1-150.2 g, crude ash ratios between 9.42-11.19%, crude protein ratios between 6.54-11.91%, crude protein yields between 11.9-104.9 kg da-1, ADF ratios between 29.5-39.8%, NDF ratios between 39.1-51.2%, DDM between 57.9-65.9%, DMI between 2.35-3.08% and RFV between 105.5-157.4. In terms of the examined parameters; Gatem, Ürünlü, Gölyazı and Spring Pea 3-638 genotypes were found to be superior over the others under Bingöl ecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the seed yield, straw yield and quality of common vetch lines and cultivars for two years between 2014 and 2015 in Bingöl conditions. In the research; 21 different common vetch lines and cultivars were used as material. The study was carried out according to the randomized block design. In the study; seed yield, straw yield, thousand grain weight, crude ash, crude protein, crude protein yield, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI) and relative feed value (RFV) characteristics were investigated. In the results of research; seed yield, straw yield, thousand grain weight, crude ash, crude protein, crude protein yield, ADF, NDF, DDM, DMI and RFV values ranged from 38.8-94.8 kg da-1, 105.7-289.8 kg da-1, 37.9-56.3 g, 9.4-15.3%, 8.1-12.4%, 12.1-31.1 kg da-1, 29.5-37.3%, 42.0-51.4%, 59.8-65.9%, 2.37-2.89% and 111.2-147.1 respectively. In terms of the examined parameters; the Hat-1, GAP-2604, GAP-61721, Soner and Alper genotypes were found to be superior over the others in Bingöl ecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition, gas production, metabolic energy and organic matter digestibility of whole cottonseeds of five different cotton cultivars (Gossupolsuz 86, Lifsiz, Suregrov 125, Stoneville 453 and Nazilli). Crude protein contents of cottonseeds varied between 19.03-24.15%; ADF contents between 31.13-35.01%; NDF contents between 38.61-44.86%; crude ash contents between 2.98-4.39%; crude oil contents between 16.26-26.46% and dry matter between 65.06-69.13%. Gas production values varied between 60.33-92.71 mL; metabolic energy (ME) values between 7.94-11.42 MJ/kg/DM and organic matter digestibility (OMD) between 50.51-71.72%. The differences in chemical composition, gas production, ME and OMD values of cotton cultivars were found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). The cultivar Nazilli was prominent with high crude protein, metabolic energy, low ADF and NDF content. Current findings revealed that present cotton cultivars constituted high quality feed source for livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In yield experiments conducted at different environments, assessment of Genotype × Environment interactions for investigated traits is a quite significant issue for both agronomists and breeders. GGE biplot analysis was employed in this study to assess the Genotype × Trait, Environment × Trait and Trait Association × Environment of five different traits (silage yield [SY], stem diameter [SD], green leaf weight ratio [GLWR], green stem weight ratio [GSWR], green corn cob ratio [GCCR] and plant height [PH]) of 25 silage maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes grown in six environments. The biplot graphs created in this study to assess Genotype × Trait, Environment × Trait and Environment × Trait correlation interactions were able to explain respectively 86%, 92%, and 83% of total variation of experiments. Current findings revealed that the genotype G18 (Safak), with the greatest silage yield in Genotype Trait biplot (GT biplot) also had the greatest SD; DIY14 (DIYARBAKIR-2014) with the greatest distance from the origin over Environment Trait (ET-biplot) graph was the most distinctive environment; SD with the greatest vector length was the most distinctive trait; DIY14 and DIY15 environments were the best environments for PH, GSWR, SY and SD. It was concluded that GGE biplot method with different perspectives could reliably be used in assessment of silage characteristics of maize genotypes grown in different environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition, gas production, metabolic energy and organic matter digestibility of whole cottonseeds of five different cotton cultivars (Gossupolsuz 86, Lifsiz, Suregrov 125, Stoneville 453 and Nazilli). Crude protein contents of cottonseeds varied between 19.03-24.15%; ADF contents between 31.13-35.01%; NDF contents between 38.61-44.86%; crude ash contents between 2.98-4.39%; crude oil contents between 16.26-26.46% and dry matter between 65.06-69.13%. Gas production values varied between 60.33-92.71 mL; metabolic energy (ME) values between 7.94-11.42 MJ/kg/DM and organic matter digestibility (OMD) between 50.51-71.72%. The differences in chemical composition, gas production, ME and OMD values of cotton cultivars were found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). The cultivar Nazilli was prominent with high crude protein, metabolic energy, low ADF and NDF content. Current findings revealed that present cotton cultivars constituted high quality feed source for livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current experiment was to determine the effect of harvesting stage on the potential nutritive value, gas and methane production. Teff plant was harvested at three maturity stages (before flowering, flowering and seeding). The green and dry hay yield of teff plants were determined by drying at 70 oC. Some analysis was carried out to determine the chemical composition of teff plants. The gas and methane production was determined after 24 h incubation. Harvesting stage had a significant (P=0.01) effect on chemical composition, gas production, methane production and organic matter digestibility. The green and dry hay yield, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were increased with advancing maturity whereas crude protein, ether extract and crude ash contents were decreased. The green and dry hay yield of teff plant ranged from 576.91 to 1061.78 and 198.54 to 637.03 kg da-1 respectively. Crude protein content of teff plants ranged from 6.7 to 20.7 %, ether extract from 1.33 to 2.72 % and crude ash 6.78 to 8.70 %. The NDF and ADF contents of teff plants ranged from 60.36 to 69.49 % and 30.79 to 38.09 %. The gas production and methane production at 24 h decreased with increasing maturity. The gas production and methane production at 24 h ranged from 25.83 to 35.50 ml and 3.97 to 5.43 ml respectively. Metabolisable energy and organic matter digestibility ranged from 5.74 to 7.10 MJ kg-1 DM and 37.80 to 46.24 % respectively. As a conclusion, the nutritive value of teff plant decreased with increasing maturity. Therefore the teff plant can be harvested or grazed before flowering and after flowering stages due to crude protein and metabolisable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interspecific hybridization is intensively carried out to increase the existing genetic variation and to extend of genetic bases of varieties that have biotic, abiotic stresses tolerance and also genetic studies to determine variation of nutritional characteristics in pepper breeding programs. In this study, 104 RIL (Recombinant Inbred Pepper Lines: F6) populations which generated by selfing C. annuum (Long pepper) x C. frutescens (PI281420) F6 population were used to assessment of some fruit nutritional traits. Crude oil ratios varied between 3.20% and 11.43%, crude ash ratios between 5.26% and 17.69% and crude protein ratios between 8.09% and 23.57%. Na contents varied between 106.04 and 2140.07 ppm, Ca contents between 1167.67 and 6004.13 ppm, K contents between 10419.03 and 24775.40 ppm, Mg contents between 1240.37 and 6793.53 ppm, P contents between 2125.23 and 8858.85 ppm and S contents between 1037.65 and 7691.55. Lauric acid contents varied between 0.03% and 0.92%, myristic acid contents between 0.10% and 2.93%, palmitic acid contents between 11.67% and 27.13%, palmitoleic acid contents between 0.18% and 1.67%, heptadecanoic acid contents between 0.00% and 0.53%, heptadecenoic acid contents between 0.00% and 0.25%, stearic acid contents between 1.57% and 6.79%, oleic acid contents between 7.01% and 49.98%, linoleic acid contents between 26.28%− 57.79%, arachidic acid contents between 0.12% and 1.92%, linolenic acid contents between 0.97% and 14.86%, behenic acid contents between 0.05% and 2.58%, MUFA contents between 8.58% and 51.12% and PUFA contents between 28.98% and 68.51%. Beta-carotene contents varied between 23.92 and 1547.19 mg/100 g. Interspecific hybridization in pepper has an important role in increased the nutritional properties level in hybrids. So, these results open the new world gene pool for pepper breeding, ultimately contributing to nutritional properties to new pepper varieties. • Wide variation was achieved by interspecies crossing. • Some inbred lines have better nutritional properties than parents. • Protein content, PUFA, S, P, Mn, Mg were determined as ideal properties in lines. • Variation of nutritional properties can be used for mapping of related genes and breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the nutritive values of hays of local sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa) populations these grown in Sivas, Kayseri and Kahramanmaraş provinces of Turkey. For this purpose, 12 different sainfoin populations harvested from these provinces. Sainfoins harvested at flowering stage and dried then chemical compositions, in vitro gas and methane productions, metabolic energy and digestible organic matter contents were determined. There were significant (P=0.01) differences between chemical compositions of local sainfoin populations. Crude protein contents varied between 12.73 and 15.90%, crude ash contents varied between 5.95 and 7.63%, dry matter contents between 19.41 and 22.39%, condensed tanin ratios between 2.07 and 4.70%, ADF and NDF contents changed between respectively 32.01-41.79% and 42.57-53.89% and crude fat contents varied between 0.69 and 2.02%. 24 h in vitro gas and methane productions varied between respectively 39.49-52.40 ml and 7.70-10.30 ml. Metabolic energy contents of studied materials changed between 8.31 and 10.19 MJ/kg DM and digestible organic matter contents varied between 60.05 and 72.59%. According to current findings, there were considerable differences between nutrient contents of studied sainfoin populations and it was concluded that the population which harvested from Kayseri Bünyan come into prominence with higher protein and metabolisable energy and lesser ADF and NDF content than the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted, during the 2012 and 2013 corn growing seasons, for a period 2 years, according to the randomized complete block design, as 3 replicates, at the Research and Implementation Area of the Kizilirmak Vocational High School of Cankiri Karatekin University (40°20' N, 33°58' E, elevation 550 m), which is located on the Middle Kizilirmak Basin of Turkey. In this study, 20 different corn varieties used silage were used as a plant material. According to mean of 2 years, significant differences have been determined among the all properties as statistically. The highest corncob number (1.9 item plant-1) in the NK Arma and corncob rate were arranged in the NK Famoso (50.1%) and the Sakarya (49.5%) varieties. While the superior herbage yields were obtained in the Carella (131.900 kg ha-1), Kompozit Arifiye (128.300 kg ha-1), Cadiz (126.600 kg ha-1), and Larigal (123.600 kg ha-1) varieties, dry matter yields were determined in the Donana (416.300 kg ha-1), Larigal (414.500 kg ha-1), and Cadiz (409.800 kg ha-1) varieties. The best results were stated from the NK Arma (2575 kg ha-1), Larigal (2523 kg ha-1), and Cadiz (2495 kg ha-1) varieties as crude protein yield. In conclusion, the Carella, Larigal, Cadiz, Kompozit Arifiye, and NK Arma varieties can be suggested compared with the other varieties under Middle Kizilirmak Basin Ecological Conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives of the present study are to determine the variations in forage yield and quality of new triticale lines developed by cross-breeding methods and to develop better lines with superior characteristics over the current ones. Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications during the cropping years of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. A total of 5 cultivar and 20 lines were used as the plant material of the experiments. Genotypes were harvested at milk stage and their herbage yield, hay yield, crude protein yield and chemical composition were investigated. Two- years average results revealed that herbage yields varied between 36.44-48.47 t ha-1, hay yields between 12.77-18.68 t ha-1, crude protein yields between 1.02-1.80 t ha-1, acid detergent fiber (ADF) between 32.92-44.63%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) between 63.72-78.47%, crude ash ratios between 5.06-7.87%, crude protein content between 6.21-11.36%, dry matter digestibility (DDM) between 54.14-63.25%, dry matter intake (DMI) between 1.528-1.881 and relative feed value (RFV) between 64.18-89.31. Current results revealed superior characteristics for new triticale genotypes developed with cross-breeding over the current standard lines with regard to investigated parameters. It was concluded that cross-breeding yielded positive outcomes and therefore, currently investigated high-yield and quality lines should be prepared for registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Einkorn and emmer wheat are still cultivated in the mountainous areas of Turkey. They are resistant to biotic and abiotic stress conditions and are routinely used as food stuffs due to reasonable dietary fiber rate and vitamin and micronutrient content. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the feed potential of einkorn and emmer wheat populations. A total of 17 hulled wheat populations collected from different provinces of Turkey were studied during the years 2012 and 2013. Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications to investigate grain yield, harvest index, chemical composition, and gas and methane production of the grain. Grain yield varied between 2.477 and 4.617t ha-1, harvest index between 27.55% and 36.03%, crude protein (CP) between 6.69% and 16.22%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) between 25.99% and 31.99%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) between 14.35% and 19.05%, crude oil (CO) between 1.33% and 2.05%, crude ash (CA) between 4.23% and 5.22%, metabolizable energy (ME) between 2.58 and 2.25 Mcal kg-1 DM, organic matter digestibility (OMD) between 65.59% and 72.73%, and gas production (GP) between 46.01 and 52.22 mL. While einkorn populations had higher ME, OMD, CP, and CO content values, emmer wheat populations had higher ADF and NDF rates. Moreover, there were significant variations in gas and methane production in all hulled wheat populations. Genotype-trait biplot analysis clearly indicated the variation limits of NDF, ADF, CP, OMD, ME, methane, GP, CO, and CA of hulled wheat populations. There were also significant linear relationships between CP and ME (0.585) and OMD (0.613); between CO and GP (0.513); and between GP and ME (0.623) and OMD (0.696). It was concluded that with regard to higher yield and digestibility, these hulled wheat populations could be used as basic germplasm for breeding of new einkorn and emmer wheat cultivars to be used as alternative feedstuff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics of silage sorghum and their effects on yields. Experiments were conducted in randomized block design with 3 replications during the growing seasons of 2007-2008. Net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content (KI), leaf area index (YAI), canopy temperature (BÖS), plant height, plant diameter, green herbage yield parameters were investigated. Results revealed significant positive relationships between vegetative period leaf area index and vegetative period net photosynthesis rate - stomal conductance; between flowering period leaf area index and flowering period chlorophyll content - plant height; between vegetative period chlorophyll content and vegetative - flowering periods stomal conductance; between green herbage yield and flowering period chlorophyll content - plant diameter; between vegetative period net photosynthesis rate and stomal flowering period net photosynthesis rate - stomal conductance; vegetative period stomal conductance and flowering period net photosynthesis rate - stomal conductance. Among the experimented genotypes, the genotypes B 24, ICSB 472 and ICSB 502 with their prominent green herbage yields might be recommended for the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in Kayseri Province of Turkey in the years 2011 and 2012 for two years to determine the effects of harvest time on hay yield and quality of different bitter vetch genotypes. A total of 16 different bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) lines supplied from EMRI, DATAE and ICARDA were used as the plant material of the field experiments. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Bitter vetch lines were harvested at flower-set, full-bloom and podset periods. Green herbage and hay yields, crude protein (CP), protein yield (PY), crude ash (CA), condensed tannin (CT), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) characteristics were investigated. Results revealed increasing ADF-NDF ratios, green herbage and hay yields and decreasing crude protein, crude ash and condensed tannin ratios with the progression of harvest time. Pod-set period was determined as the proper harvest time. The lines VE-16, VE-5, VE-1, VE-2 and VE-6 were considered as primary lines to be used in further breeding research and agricultural activities of the region with regard to hay yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the eighteenth century, Nâbî wrote a mesnevi, which he entitled as Hayrinâme, to prepare his seven years old son, Ebu'l-hayr Mehmed çelebi, for the future. This work is also known as Hayriyye-i Nâbî. The poet, who gives religious and moral advices to his son, handled the book as a kind of social and political critique, because he wanted other to get lessons from his long life experience and his bureaucratic tasks and the events he had witnessed. The method of advice giving had been used in works written in previous centuries, such as Kutadgu Bilig and Garip-name. The advices on religion and moral issues in Hayriyye have similarities with the concepts of these works. However, Nâbî differed more on social and political critique.In this mesnevi, the types of governing staff of the Ottoman Empire are introduced in realistic imagery manner and caricatured in a humorous manner at times. In Hayriyye, the types that are the representatives of human and professional categories of society are displayed with their positive and negative aspects. In the work, these types like father, son, notable, pasha, judge, the sheikh, scholar, physician, and a variety of types of women appear to be gossipy. This article tries to examine and introduce these types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Fatty Acid and Metal Composition of the Seeds of Lathyrus sativus Varieties" by Kagan Kokten, Mahmut Kaplan, Sati Uzun, and Hakan Inci is presented.

This study was carried out for 2 years (2020 and 2021) to elucidate the effects of water stress on yield and quality of alfalfa cultivars, to determine the water-yield and quality relations and the susceptibility of cultivars to water stress. Three different irrigation treatments (100%, 75% and 50% of full irrigation, I 100 , I 75 and I 50) and 12 different alfalfa cultivars (SHN, Osmanağa, Şahin 42, Minerva, Elçi, Riviera Vicentina, Magna 601, Magnum V, Prosementi, Ezzelina, Sunter, Nimet) were used in present experiments conducted in randomized-blocks split-plots design with 3 replications to investigate effects of irrigation levels on water, yield and quality parameters of alfalfa. Present findings revealed that water stress decreased crop water productivity, but increased irrigation water productivity of alfalfa cultivars. Herbage yields of the cultivars varied between 48.20 and 64.98 t/ha, hay yields between 11.42 and 14.67 t/ha and protein yields between 2.22 and 3.07 t/ha. Alfalfa was found to be sensitive to water stress in terms of herbage yield, but more tolerant in terms of hay and protein yields. Morphological characteristics (plant height, number of stems per plant, number of main stem branches and root crown diameter) decreased with increasing water stress levels. In terms of quality traits, while acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude fiber and crude ash ratios increased, crude protein ratios decreased with increasing irrigation water levels. It was concluded based on present findings that water stress resulted in different responses of different alfalfa cultivars and although it increased quality traits in general, it decreased herbage, hay and protein yields. Again, based on present findings, Magna 601 cultivar could be recommended for semi-arid regions. • The increase in water stress caused a decrease in the protein ratio while increasing the herbage yield. • Although the same amount of irrigation water was given in alfalfa cultivars, their yields changed significantly. • The increase in water stress also increased the digestibility of alfalfa. • The water productivity of alfalfa varied highly according to the cultivars. • While alfalfa was sensitive to drought in herbage yield, it was tolerant to water stress in hay and protein yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study which determines the trace elements and fatty acid (FA) of the seeds of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) varieties from Turkey. The study characterize FA of the plant's seed used by animals throughout the field to contribute FA's renewable resource and establish nutritional value. Result shows that the fatty acid composition of some varieties for feed crops shows different unsaturated and saturated fatty acid concentrations such as linolenic and myristic acids.

• Protein concentrate production conditions were optimized. • Genotype effected the features of protein concentrates. • Some genotypes exhibited superior technological properties. • Color effected the bioactive features. In this study, a comparative investigation on the structural, technofunctional and bioactive properties of protein concentrates from different common bean genotypes was performed. Protein extractions were carried out at different pH and salt concentrations and the highest protein content for the concentrates (77.7%) was determined for pH 11 and 0.4% of salt. The protein content of the common bean flour and their protein concentrates was in the range of 22–26.93% and 72.97–77.99%, respectively. For bioactive properties, total phenolic content ranged between 578.9 and 1355.9 and 313.5–1219.1 mg GAE/kg, for bean flours and protein concentrates, respectively. Two genotypes (G7 and G8) were the samples showing the superior biofunctional properties compared to the others. Thermal characterization showed that T d and ΔH values were in the range of 64.95–94.33 °C and 76.64–122.3 j/g, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the major band corresponded to the 7S vicilin. Principal component analysis showed that G2 and G6 had different characteristics in terms of technofunctional parameters while G7 and G8 were differed from the other genotypes in terms of bioactivity. The results showed that the proteins of common beans could be evaluated as good source due to high bioactivity for the enrichment of food formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some reports on mineral elements and fatty acid compositions of different legumes species have been published by several researchers in Turkey [[4]-[15]]. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining fatty acids and mineral element composition of narbon vetch lines to establish nutritional value for breeder and producers. Unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) acids, which were determined to be higher than other fatty acids, were also found to be higher in many legume forage plant seeds such as I Medicago i , I Lotus corniculatus i , I Trigonella foenum-graecum i , I Trifolium i spp., I Onobrychis fallax i , and I Vicia i spp. [[7], [17]]. Fatty acids and mineral elements also play an important role in animal feeding. [Extracted from the article]

While grain yield is the main consideration in developing new cultivars, grain element compositions were also affected by the process of plant breeding. This research aims to evaluate genotypic variation in thousand kernel weights (TKW), percentages of yellowberry kernels (PYK), boron, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc contents in the grains of 29 Turkish durum wheat cultivars (triticum durum) released between 1967–2010. Element contents of grain samples are determined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results of 2 years of field trials indicated significant variation between cultivars in terms of all investigated traits (p <.01). TKW of Turkish durum cultivars along with calcium, copper, and sulfur contents are found to be consistently increasing over time with positive correlations to each other. On the other hand, boron and zinc contents of the grain remained unaffected during the process of plant breeding when sodium contents decreased. We suggest that selecting for new germplasm to increase iron, zinc, and phosphorus contents of durum grain will contribute to the nutritional value of its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in the Chemistry of Natural Compounds journal, explores the lipid contents and mineral elements of different cowpea genotypes. Cowpea is an important crop in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The study examines the nutritional value of cowpea, including its high protein content, low fat content, vitamins, mineral substances, and dietary fibers. The research also analyzes the fatty acid composition of different cowpea genotypes, finding variations in the levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, the study investigates the mineral contents of different genotypes, identifying significant differences in the levels of various elements. This information can be valuable for researchers studying the nutritional composition and potential health benefits of cowpea. [Extracted from the article]

This study was carried out in Bingol Province of Turkey in the growing season of 2012 to determine the nutritive value of different soybean varieties. A total of 12 different soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties supplied from Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Western Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute and May-Agro Seed Company were used as the plant material of the field experiments. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Green herbage and hay yields, crude protein (CP), protein yield (PY), crude ash (CA), dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI), relative food value (RFV), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the varieties Blaze, Ataem-7, Cinsoy, Nova, Erensoy and Türksoy were considered as primary varieties to be used in animal feed and agricultural activities of the region with regard to hay yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important of the unsaturated fatty acids in seeds are oleic acid (18:1), lineloic acid (18:2), and linolenic acid (18:3) fatty acids. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil of broad beans revealed that the fatty acid content was composed of 10 different fatty acids. The total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid values we obtained from the seeds of broad bean genotypes were found to be similar to those in many previous studies [[15], [18]]. The fatty acids palmitic acid (16:0), arachidonic acid (20:0), myristic acid (14:0), and pentadecanoic acid (15:0) in broad bean seeds are classified as saturated fatty acids. [Extracted from the article]

Oil content and fatty acid composition are the most significant quality criteria of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), and these parameters is greatly influenced by irrigation and fertilization practices. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation intervals and irrigation levels on oil content and fatty acid composition of peanuts, under sandy soil conditions in two consecutive years, using 'Halisbey', 'NC-7', and 'Sultan' peanut cultivars, commonly grown in Turkey. Irrigation levels were arranged based on total evaporation from Class-A pan, and irrigations were applied through drip lines. Irrigation intervals were set as two and four days, and irrigation levels were set as 50% (I50), 75% (I75), 100% (I100) and 125% (I125) of Class-A pan evaporations. Oil content, unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids), and saturated fatty acids (palmitic, myristic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids) were determined. For oil content, treatments were identified as the most appropriate irrigation for a two-day irrigation interval of all cultivars, I100 for four-day irrigation interval of 'Halisbey' and 'Sultan' cultivars and I75 for four-day irrigation interval of 'NC-7' cultivar. Oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids of peanuts. Cultivars exhibited different variations in these fatty acids based on irrigation intervals and irrigation levels. In general, oleic acid contents decreased, but linoleic and palmitic acid contents increased with increasing irrigation levels. The greatest oleic acid contents were obtained from two and four-day irrigation intervals of I50 treatments in 'Halisbey' and 'NC-7' cultivars and from two and four-day irrigation intervals of I75 treatments of the second year in 'Sultan' cultivar. Present findings revealed that for quality peanut production, both irrigation intervals and irrigation levels should be taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The biplot graphs created to assess fatty acid and trace element were able to explain 67.2% and 65.3% of total variation of experiments respectively. • Linolenic acid is the highest unsaturated fatty acid in guar seed. • Palmitic acid is the highest saturated fatty acid in guar seed. • Fe and Mn are the most commonly found elements in guar seed. Abstract Limited information is available on fatty acid and mineral composition of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) genotype seeds grown in Mediterranean climates including Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate seed composition of thirty cluster bean genotypes according to Genotype Trait (GT) biplot analysis. Genotype fatty acid biplot captured 77.6% and genotype micro element biplot captured 65.3% of variation. The results of the present study indicated that oleic acid ranged from 20.07 to 33.62%, linoleic acid ranged from 31.36 to 40.72% in all genotypes. Concentrations of the six micronutrient elements were considerably different in genotypes. Fe and Mn are the most commonly found elements in cluster bean genotypes. Our results depicted that G13 was the most favorable genotype according to fatty acid profile, while G4 and G10 had the highest Fe and Cu contents, and G6 was the most stable genotype according to micronutrient profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Capsicum annuum (Long pepper) × Capsicum frutescens (PI281420) were selfed. • Total phenolics, flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents of the red pepper lines changed significantly. • Scoville heat unit revealed that the 95% of the peppers were highly pungent. • The major phenolics of peppers were detected as p-coumaric acid. In this study, 104 RIL (Recombinant Inbred Pepper Lines: F6) populations which generated by selfing Capsicum annuum (Long pepper) × Capsicum frutescens (PI281420) F6 population were characterized in terms of detailed bioactive properties, major phenolic composition, tocopherol and capsaicinoid profile. Total phenolics, flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents of the red pepper lines were in the range of 7.06–17.15 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dw, 1.10–5.46 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g dw and 7.9–516.6 mg/kg dw extract, respectively. Antiradical activity and antioxidant capacity values also ranged between 18.99 and 49.73% and 6.97–16.47 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/kg dw, respectively. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin levels showed a wide variance with the range of 27.9–1405.9 and 12.3–640.4 mg/100 g dw, respectively. Scoville heat unit revealed that the 95% of the peppers were highly pungent. The major tocopherol was alpha tocopherol for the pepper samples with the highest level of 1078.4 µg/g dw. The major phenolics were detected as p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, myricetin, luteolin and quercetin. Pepper genotypes showed significant differences in terms of the characterized properties and principal component analysis was applied successfully to reveal the similar genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate forage yield and quality of five Hungarian Vetch cultivars (Vicia pannonica Crantz., Tarm Beyazı-98, Anadolu pembesi-2002, Budak, Ege beyazı-79, Oğuz-2002) under arid conditions of Kayseri. Experiments were conducted in randomized block design with three replication for two years (2012-2013 and 2013-2014 vegetation period) over the experimental fields of Erciyes University Agricultural Research and Implementation Center. Main stem length, 50% flowering time, herbage yield, hay yield, crude protein ratio, crude protein yield, crude ash ratio, ADF and NDF were investigated in this study. Current findings revealed that main stem length varied between 48.8-76.3 cm, 50% flowering time between 191.0-206.3 day, herbage yield between 1160.7-2600 kg/da, hay yield between 393.5-782.3kg/da, crude protein ratio between 16.0-18.6%, crude protein yield between 70.8-130.1 kg/da, crude ash ratio between 8.95-11.83%, ADF between 30.01-37.14% and NDF varied between 39.05-46.79%. It was concluded that the cultivars Oğuz-2002, Anadolu pembesi-2002 and Ege beyazı-79 could be recommended for hay production in arid agricultural areas of Kayseri and similar ecologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate forage yield and quality of five Hungarian Vetch cultivars (Vicia pannonica Crantz., Tarm Beyazı-98, Anadolu pembesi-2002, Budak, Ege beyazı-79, Oğuz-2002) under arid conditions of Kayseri. Experiments were conducted in randomized block design with three replication for two years (2012-2013 and 2013-2014 vegetation period) over the experimental fields of Erciyes University Agricultural Research and Implementation Center. Main stem length, 50% flowering time, herbage yield, hay yield, crude protein ratio, crude protein yield, crude ash ratio, ADF and NDF were investigated in this study. Current findings revealed that main stem length varied between 48.8-76.3 cm, 50% flowering time between 191.0-206.3 day, herbage yield between 1160.7-2600 kg/da, hay yield between 393.5-782.3kg/da, crude protein ratio between 16.0-18.6%, crude protein yield between 70.8-130.1 kg/da, crude ash ratio between 8.95-11.83%, ADF between 30.01-37.14% and NDF varied between 39.05-46.79%. It was concluded that the cultivars Oğuz-2002, Anadolu pembesi-2002 and Ege beyazı-79 could be recommended for hay production in arid agricultural areas of Kayseri and similar ecologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The highest a* and b* values were recorded for freeze drying. • Wang & Singh and Page model showed the best fitting performance. • The reactions of pepper varieties to drying methods were different. • Microwave drying was prominent for increased total phenolics. Effects of different drying methods (open-sun, shade, greenhouse, microwave (300−600 W), air-convective (60−80°C) and freeze drying) on drying kinetics, biochemical characteristics, rehydration ratio, color and total phenolic content of two different pepper cultivars (Bozok and Pinar) were investigated in this study. Significant differences were observed in biochemical traits of the cultivars and response of cultivars to different drying methods was also different. The greatest crude protein, β-carotene and lycopene values were recorded for the freeze dryer application. The greatest ascorbic acid values were obtained from freeze dryer and shade drying. Microwave drying process resulted an increment in total phenolic contents of the samples. Except for shade drying, the other methods reduced the oil contents and drying methods significantly influenced fatty acid composition of the samples. The rehydration ratios increased with increasing microwave powers. Chromatic parameters (L*, a*, b*, ΔE) were also influenced by drying temperatures, which contributed to the discoloring of red pepper during the process of drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to determine the tannin, protein contents, and fatty acid composition of the seeds of Medicago L. species. The study involves oil extraction, preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and determination of protein and tannin contents. The result shows that the saturated and particularly unsaturated fatty acid contents of legumes seed oils are closely associated to each other and the primary components in the oils are linoleic-oleic type fatty acids.

• Nutritional composition of chickpea was affected by irrigation treatments. • Protein content increased by the irrigation before flowering stages. • The greatest starch content was obtained at the beginning of flowering irrigation. • Full irrigation did not have significant effects on nutritional attributes. • The essential amino acid levels of chickpea increased by irrigation application. Chickpea is one the most important legumes consumed all around the world because of high protein content. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation treatments at different physiological growth stages (before flowering, beginning of flowering, pod-set and pod-fill periods) on nutritional attributes of chickpea. The findings showed that one or two irrigations at different physiological growth stages instead of full irrigation treatment might be sufficient to improve the nutritional attributes of chickpea. Flowering and pod-fill periods were identified as the critical periods for irrigations and affected the nutritional component levels. The greatest protein level (29.52%) was obtained from the samples irrigated before flowering while the greatest total starch (36.30%) was obtained from the samples irrigated at the beginning of flowering. It was concluded based on present findings that physiological growth stages should be taken into consideration in irrigation practices of chickpea farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]