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Fraction 6 was then chromatographed on a silica gel column with CHCl SB 3 sb -acetone (10:1-1:1) to obtain compounds B 11 b (4.5 mg) and B 12 b (8.9 mg). Fraction 2 was then chromatographed on a silica gel column with petroleum ether-acetone (20:1-5:1) to obtain compound B 4 b (11.7 mg). Fraction 5 was then chromatographed on a silica gel column with CHCl SB 3 sb -MeOH (20:1-4:1) and CHCl SB 3 sb -acetone (15:1-4:1) to get compounds B 8 b (17.6 mg), B 9 b (11.4 mg), and B 10 b (5.9 mg). Subfraction 1-1 was then chromatographed on a silica gel column with petroleum ether-ethyl formate-HCOOH (15:5:0.1) to get compounds B 1 b (8.7 mg) and B 2 b (14.3 mg). [Extracted from the article]

For screening bilobalide (BB)-producing endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Ginkgo biloba, a total of 57 fungal isolates were isolated from the internal stem, root, leaf, and bark of the plant G. biloba. Fermentation processes using BB-producing fungi other than G. biloba may become a novel way to produce BB, which is a terpene trilactones exhibiting neuroprotective effects. In this study, a BB-producing endophytic fungal strain GZUYX13 was isolated from the leaves of G. biloba grown in the campus of Guizhou University, Guiyang city, Guizhou province, China. The strain produced BB when grown in potato dextrose liquid medium. The amount of BB produced by this endophytic fungus was quantified to be 106 μg/L via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), substantially lower than that produced by the host tissue. The fungal BB which was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC was proven to be identical to authentic BB. The strain GZUYX13 was identified as Pestalotiopsis uvicola via morphology and ITS rDNA phylogeny. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the isolation and identification of endophytic BB-producing Pestalotiopsis spp. from the host plant, which further proved that endophytic fungi have the potential to produce bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum Boedijn & Reitsma was originally described from leaf spots of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from Indonesia. This fungus infects many host plants in Southeast Asia and causes severe leaf blight disease of eucalypts. Calonectria quinqueseptata Figueiredo & Namek., which was described from leaf spots on Annona squamosa L. from Brazil, has been regarded as the teleomorph of Cy. quinqueseptatum. Based on morphology and on the phylogeny derived from the DNA sequence of a β-tubulin gene portion spanning several phylogenetically informative introns, the two respective ex-type cultures are shown to be distinct species. Furthermore, Calonectria reteaudii (Bugn.) C. Booth (anamorph Cy. reteaudii (Bugn.) Boesew.), which was described on Smithia bequaertii De Wild. from Vietnam, is shown to be morphologically identical to a comprehensive selection of isolates of Cy. quinqueseptatum from Southeast Asia, Australia, and Madagascar. As Cy. reteaudii represents an older name for Cy. quinqueseptatum, we suggest that the fungus causing widespread damage on eucalypts and other hosts in the above regions be referred to as Cy. reteaudii. Calonectria quinqueseptata should be retained for the fungus that thus far has been found only in Brazil.Key words: Cylindrocladium reteaudii, Eucalyptus, Hypocreales, phylogeny, systematics.Le Cylyndrocladium quinqueseptatum Boedijn & Reitsma a été originalement décrit à partir de taches foliaires sur l'Hisbiscus sabdariffa L. Ce champignon infecte plusieurs plantes hôtes du sud-est asiatique et cause une brûlure foliaire sévère chez les eucalyptus. Le Calonectria quinqueseptata Figueiredo & Namek., déjà décrit à partir de taches foliaires sur l'Annona squamosa L. au Brésil, a été considéré comme le téléomorphe du Cy. quinquesepatatum. Sur la base de la morphologie et de la phylogénie dérivée de la séquence ADN d'une portion de gène d'une β-tubuline recouvrant plusieurs introns révélateurs sur la phylogénie, les auteurs montrent que les deux ex-cultures types constituent des espèces distinctes. On montre de plus, que le Calonectria reteaudii (Bugn.) C. Booth (anamorphe : Cy. reteaudii (Bugn.) Boesew.), qui a été décrit sur le Smithia bequaertii De Wild. au Vietnam, est morphologiquement identique à une large sélection d'isolats du Cy. quinqueseptatum du sud-est asiatique, de l'Australie et de Madagascar. Comme le Cy. reteaudii constitue un nom plus ancien pour le Cy. quinqueseptatum, les auteurs suggèrent que ce champignon qui cause des dommages étendus sur les eucalyptus et d'autres hôtes dans les régions mentionnées plus haut, soit considéré comme le Cy reteaudii. Le Calonectria quinqueseptata pourrait être retenu pour le champignon qui a été jusqu'ici trouvé seulement au Brésil.Mots clés : Cylindrocladium reteaudii, Eucalyptus, Hypocreales, phylogénie, systématique.[Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Xylaria comprises a diverse group of fungi with a global distribution and significant ecological importance, known for being a source of bioactive secondary metabolites with antibacterial, antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and additional properties. In this study, we present a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the species of Xylaria found in some parts of southern China, characterized by an extensive multilocus phylogeny analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), TUB2 (β‐tubulin), and DNA‐directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) gene regions. Morphological examination and detailed comparative analyses of the collected specimens were conducted to determine the distinctiveness of each species. The multilocus phylogeny approach allowed us to infer evolutionary relationships and assess species boundaries accurately, leading to the identification of 40 novel Xylaria species hitherto unknown to science. The newly described species are: X. baoshanensis, X. bawanglingensis, X. botryoidalis, X. dadugangensis, X. doupengshanensis, X. fanglanii, X. glaucae, X. guizhouensis, X. japonica, X. jinghongensis, X. jinshanensis, X. kuankuoshuiensis, X. liboensis, X. negundinis, X. orbiculati, X. ovata, X. pseudoanisopleura, X. pseudocubensis, X. pseudobambusicola, X. pseudoglobosa, X. pseudohemisphaerica, X. pseudohypoxylon, X. puerensis, X. qianensis, X. qiongzhouensis, X. rhombostroma, X. serratifoliae, X. shishangensis, X. shuqunii, X. shuangjiangensis, X. sinensis, X. tongrenensis, X. umbellata, X. xishuiensis, X. yaorenshanensis, X. yinggelingensis, X. yumingii, X. yunnanensis, X. zangmui, and X. zonghuangii. The study's findings shed light on the distinctiveness of the newly described species, supported by both morphological distinctions and phylogenetic relationships with their close relatives. This taxonomic revision significantly contributes to our understanding the diversity of Xylaria in China and enriches the knowledge of fungal biodiversity worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven undescribed guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids named biscogniauxiaols A–G (1–7) were isolated from the endophytic fungus Biscogniauxia petrensis on Dendrobium orchids. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, electronic circular dichroism (EC) and specific rotation (SR) calculations. Compound 1 represented a new family of guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids featuring an unprecedented [5/6/6/7] tetracyclic system. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for compounds 1–7 was proposed. The anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and multidrug resistance reversal activities of the isolates were evaluated. Compounds 1, 2 and 7 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against Candida albicans with MIC values ranging from 1.60 to 6.30 μM, and suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production with IC50 ranging from 4.60 to 20.00 μM. Additionally, all compounds (100 μg/mL) enhanced the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549/DDP). This study opened up a new source for obtaining bioactive guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids and compounds 1, 2, and 7 were promising for further optimization as multifunctional inhibitors for anti-fungal (C. albicans) and anti-inflammatory purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species Rosellinia convexa from China is illustrated and described. Phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (including ITS1, 5.8S rRNA gene and ITS2), β-tubulin gene, α-actin gene and Polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequence data confirmed that it differed from other species in this genus. On the basis of evidence from morphology, it differs from other Rosellinia species in having brown ascospores with convex umbilical ends and a larger ascal apical apparatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genusThoradontaHancock (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Scelimeninae) is newly reported from Thailand. Two new species of the genus,Thoradonta lativertexoidessp. nov. andThoradontaspiculobaoidessp. nov., are described and illustrated with photographs and compared with similar species. A taxonomic review of the genusThoradontais provided and a key to all known species of the genus is given. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Chaetosphaeriaceae is a genera-rich and highly diverse group of fungi with a worldwide distribution in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Eight fresh collections of Chaetosphaeriaceae were obtained during investigations of hyaline-spored hyphomycetes in China and Thailand. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU and ITS sequence dataset, Chaetosphaeria obovoidea, Codinaea aseptata, Codinaeella hyalina, Dictyochaeta guizhouensis and Paragaeumannomyces guttulatus were introduced as new species, Codinaea terminalis was reported as new host record, and Codinaea dwaya and Phialosporostilbe scutiformis were introduced as new collections. Phylogenetic analysis in this study revealed that Chaetosphaeria was polyphyletic. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of new taxa and identified species are provided, as well as an updated phylogenetic tree to confirm the placements of these eight new collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This paper has showed four new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids and two new nucleosides from the Helicoma septoconstrictum. • Helicoside C (compounds 4) mediated intracellular ROS and mitochondrial dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer A2780 cells. • Helicoside C could suppress the STAT3′s phosphorylation in A2780 cells. Four new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids and two new nucleoside derivatives (1–6), were isolated from the fungus Helicoma septoconstrictum. Their structures were determined based on the combination of the analysis of their HR-ESI-MS, NMR, ECD calculations data and acid hydrolysis. All the isolated compounds were detected for their bio-activities against MDA-MB-231, A549/DDP, A2780 and HepG2 cell lines. Helicoside C (4) exhibited superior cytotoxicity against the A2780 cell line with IC 50 7.5 ± 1.5 µM. The analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed that Helicoside C induced an increase in intracellular ROS. Furthermore, the flow cytometry and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analyses unveiled that Helicoside C mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in A2780 cells. The western blotting test showed that Helicoside C could suppress the STAT3′s phosphorylation. These findings offered crucial support for development of H. septoconstrictum and highlighted the potential application of drimane-type sesquiterpenoids in pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fraction 3 was then chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with CH SB 2 sb Cl SB 2 sb -MeOH (1:1) to afford compound B 5 b (17.2 mg). The tested MDR cancer cell lines were seeded at 8 × 103 cells/mL of medium per well into 96-well plates containing serially diluted drugs and compounds with specific concentration in 94 wells. Chemosensitization activity of compounds B 1-7 b at 40 M against I in vitro i growth of the MDR cancer cell line were evaluated using the MTT assay method [[14]]. Compounds B 1-7 b showed different activities for reversing MDR in the cancer cell line (Table 1). [Extracted from the article]

• This is the first report of endophytic Biscogniauxia in Dendrobium species • Biscogniauxia dendrobii sp. nov. is introduced based on the large discrepancy on both sequences (5.2%) and size of conidia. • The ethyl acetate crude extract of the isolate B. petrensis showed moderate and strong cytotoxic activity against A549 and K562 using CCK8 assay (IC 50 of it 13.5 and 3.5 ug/ml, respectively). Biscogniauxia belongs to the family Graphostromataceae , and species have been found mainly as pathogens in dicotyledonous plants worldwide. Two endophytic strains, Biscogniauxia dendrobii sp. nov. and B. petrensis were isolated from Dendrobium aphyllum and D. harveyanum sampled from southwestern China and northern Thailand respectively. The conidiophores and conidia were used for morphological examination. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis with ITS, TUB2, RPB 2 and LSU sequence data were combined for phylogenetic analyses and species identification. Biscogniauxia dendrobii sp. nov. is introduced based on the large DNA base pair differences (5.2%) and size of conidia. Another known species B. petrensis is also illustrated and described in this study to facilitate species identification on D. harveyanum. The ethyl acetate crude extracts of the isolate B. petrensis showed moderate and strong cytotoxic activity against A549 and K562 using the CCK8 assay (IC 50 of it 13.5 and 3.5 ug/ml respectively). This is the first report of endophytic Biscogniauxia in Dendrobium species and of their cytotoxicity to A549 and K562, all of which enhances the current knowledge on the genus Biscogniauxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therefore, our study is aimed at finding new sources of I P i -gp inhibitors with higher activities against cancer MDR and better safety. One of the most common mechanisms of MDR is drug efflux mediated by transporters such as I P i -glycoprotein ( I P i -gp), one of the most typical and the most widely investigated ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Oleanolic acid ( B 3 b ), syringate ( B 4 b ), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoic acid ( B 5 b ), and ursolic acid ( B 10 b ) showed no inhibiting effect on the adriamycin-resistant cell MCF-7/ADR. The compounds B 1-10 b had different activities to reverse MDR in human breast cells with adriamycin resistance viz. [Extracted from the article]

The hydraulic system is the main power source for the pitch adjustment of the ship's controllable pitch propeller. The stable operation of the system is the guarantee of ship navigation safety. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the reliability and availability of the hydraulic system of the controllable pitch propeller. In order to deal with epistemic uncertainty and dynamic characteristics in the reliability and availability assessment process of controllable pitch propeller hydraulic systems，the D-S evidence theory and dynamic Bayesian network were applied to establish a novel approach for assessing its reliability and availability. The proposed approach included: (1) analyzing the working principle of the system to establish a reliability block diagram; (2) according to the reliability block diagram, the system dynamic fault tree is established and transformed into DS-DBN model; (3) parameter learning and structure learning of DS-DBN model of controlled pitch propeller hydraulic system; and (4) system reliability and availability calculation, analysis of epistemic importance and weak links. The applicability of the approach was verified by comparison of Markov calculations. • An approach framework based on DS-DBN model is proposed for ship system reliability and availability analysis. • It can handle epistemic uncertainty and dynamic characteristics in ship system reliability and availability evaluation. • The approach is used to evaluate the reliability and availability of ship controllable propeller hydraulic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]