Search

Accessible Summary: What is known about the subject?: The trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge, and cultural sensitivity in healthcare.The attitudes of health professionals are mediated by their social context, which can determine their behaviour or attitude towards users. What does the article add to existing knowledge?: The attitudes of mental health professionals towards trans people are related to variables such as the professional's age, gender, political ideology and religious beliefs.Mental health nursing, psychology and social work are the professions that present more favourable attitudes towards trans people. What are the implications for practice?: The inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity among mental health professionals is required.It is necessary to train professionals to promote socio‐healthcare based on respect and free from prejudice, discrimination and stigma. Introduction: The trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge and cultural sensitivity in healthcare. Aim: Evaluation of the attitudes towards trans people of the professionals who work in the different Spanish mental health services. Method: A cross‐sectional design was used with a sample of professionals from different professional groups working in mental health units, hospitals and outpatient settings throughout Spain. Results: Gender differences were found, with higher values in genderism and sexism among males. Negative attitudes and sexism have also been associated with age and religious beliefs. Mental health nursing, psychology and social work presented more favourable attitudes towards trans people than other mental health professionals. Discussion/Implications for Practice: The inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity and the acquisition of professional attitudes based on evidence and patient‐centred model are basic aspects to promote socio‐healthcare based on respect and free from prejudices, discrimination and stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin and fatty acid deficiency in children diagnosed with autism has been linked to the etiology and course of the disease but the results have been inconsistent. In our work, we present a narrative review, which includes 20 observational studies that provide data on the blood levels of vitamin D, folate, or fatty acids of children diagnosed with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder—AG group), and of a control group (children without this disorder—CG group). The main characteristics and results are presented in a summary table. Of the 20 above-mentioned studies, a meta-analysis of vitamin D and folate levels was carried out in 14 of them, with a total of 2269 children (AG = 1159, CG = 1110). Vitamin D levels were lower in AG compared to CG: SMD, 95% CI = − 0.83 [− 1.15, − 0.50]. In terms of folate levels, a total of 299 children (AG = 148, CG = 151) were analyzed, finding no significant differences with the control group: SMD, 95% CI = − 0.16 [− 0.63, 0.32]. Only one study that provided data on fatty acids in children with ASD was included in the review although it was not possible to include it in the meta-analysis. We conclude that the nutritional status (vitamin and fatty acid levels) of patients diagnosed with ASD should be taken into account, as correct adjustment of these levels—may produce an improvement in the course of the disease and could also reduce the risk of its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the associations of physical education (PE) with school violence and bullying. Design: Systematic review. Method: Using a systematic search in Medline, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus, relevant studies with a quantitative and qualitative design were identified that met previously established eligibility criteria. Quality was assessed (bias risk analysis) and data were extracted from a previously elaborated template. Results: The systematic review finally included 16 studies, of which 10 had a quantitative design (n = 12795), 5 a qualitative design (n = 79) and 1 a mixed design (n = 86). The high heterogeneity presented by the measures used in the included studies hindered the comparison of the outcomes and prevented meta-analysis of the data. Although there is insufficient evidence about the positive impact of PE on bullying prevention, the results of this review indicate that some aspects of PE programs could improve students' skills to cope with these situations. Conclusions: The results of this review suggest the importance of PE in the prevention of bullying. Secondly, it is emphasized that bullying situations have a negative impact on students' enjoyment of PE, leading to detrimental consequences for their physical and psychological health. Thirdly, the figure of the PE teacher as a key element to prevent and/or encourage bullying was obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large number of studies published in recent years aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of school-based anti-bullying programs recommends research to focus on synthesizing the evidence found in this regard. This study presents a meta-analysis of random clinical trials that assess the efficacy of 14 anti-bullying school programs. Sample size was of 30,934 adolescents aged between 7 and 16 years of whom 16,243 made up the Intervention Groups and 14,691 made up the Control Groups. Meta-analysis was conducted for each outcome measure, as well as heterogeneity analysis. Analysis of subgroups was performed when necessary, as well as analysis of publication bias. Results show moderate effect sizes for the outcome measures Bullying Frequency and Victimization Frequency , Attitudes and School Climate. Greater impact was observed in interventions of less than one school year duration, as well as those targeting children younger than 10 years. Subgroup analysis confirmed greater heterogeneity in studies evaluating complex interventions. In general, our results indicate that bullying and violence prevention programs in school settings are obtaining beneficial, albeit discrete, results in the outcome measures evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This review examines the factors that influence the victimization of transgender people. • This study establishes a basis for the development of specific school victimization prevention strategies for transgender students. • The support of teachers, students, and family is indicated as an essential element for prevention of school victimization. • The need for the participation of the institutions in the prevention of school victimization of transgender people is highlighted. The term transgender refers to people whose gender identity does not conform to that associated with the sex assigned to them at birth. Scientific evidence has shown that transgender adolescents have an increased risk of being victims of violence during the school stage. This study aims to synthesize and analyze the findings of the individual studies carried out so far in order to report on the circumstances that influence the process of victimization of this collective. A systematic search was carried out following the recommendations of the PRISMA statement in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Lilacs, and Web of Science, where relevant qualitative and quantitative design studies were identified, which met previously established eligibility criteria. Quality was assessed through bias-risk analysis, and data were extracted from a previously elaborated template. The systematic review finally included 19 quantitative studies (N = 23,749). The results of this review indicate the existence of a number of sociodemographic, family, school and individual factors that influence the victimization of transgender people. The high heterogeneity found among the outcome measures of the quantitative studies prevented performing a meta-analysis, as recommended in the PRISMA declaration. The results of this review suggest the importance of identifying the different factors that influence victimization and intervening in them as a relevant measure for the prevention of bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objetive: According to the World Health Organization, one out of every four violent workplace acts takes place in the health setting. The aims of the study are to adapt the Healthcare-workers’ Aggressive Behavior Scale-Users (HABS-U) to mental health professionals, to establish the frequency of exposure to hostile indicators and to determine which professional group is most exposed. Method: Study through qualitative and quantitative methodology in MH professionals of the Region of Murcia (Spain). In the qualitative phase, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted, and during the quantitative phase, the instrument was applied to 359 professionals of Mental Health Services (MHS). Results: Non-medical and nursing staff were found to be the professional group most exposed, as well as Brief Psychiatric Inpatient and Medium-Stay Inpatient Services. Conclusion: The resulting scale shows excellent psychometric properties. The distribution of user violence is not homogeneous among the different professional groups of MHS. The adaptation of the scale may be useful to detect user violence, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School climate research has traditionally been carried out by separating its two main components, prosocial and antisocial behaviors. This is often a partial view of the school climate. Hence, the goal of this study is to develop an evaluation instrument (CONVIVE) that takes into account both perspectives of the school climate through a dual-strategy design, psychometric and non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive-comparative. The sample includes 600 Primary and Secondary Education students from a southeastern region of Spain. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factorial Analysis fit indices were used for the psychometric study. The result is a 26-item instrument (CONVIVE) made up of four scales that evaluate antisocial and prosocial behaviors, both performed toward others and received by peers: Prosocial Behavior Actor, Prosocial Behavior Receiver, Antisocial Behavior Actor, and Antisocial Behavior Receiver. These behaviors differ as a function of sex and the educational stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the available evidence on the influence of parental styles and dimensions on the development of adolescents' externalizing behaviors. As a novelty, this review offers an analysis of possible differences in paternal and maternal parenting practices and the role of gender in adolescents will be analyzed. The methodology used consisted of a systematic search of articles in databases (Medline, Cochrane, Academic Search Premier, PsycINFO, ERIC y PsycARTICLES) and their lists of bibliographic references published between 2010 and 2016. Initially, we located 31,169 studies, of which 31,019 were excluded because they were either duplicates or did not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining articles were again reviewed in full text and were subjected to the assessment of bias risk, of which 17 had an adequate level of methodological quality, and so were included in the systematic review. The results suggest that the parenting style most closely associated with externalizing problems is the authoritarian style. In contrast, the authoritative parental style and the dimensions of affection, communication, and autonomy promotion guarantee positive results. A larger number of studies are deemed necessary to establish firm conclusions about aspects such as differences between parents' parenting style or adolescents' gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is estimated that one fourth of workplace violent incidents occur in the health sector. The aims of the present investigation are: a) to identify sociodemographic and work variables related to exposure to user violence in primary care professionals and b) to analyze the impact of exposure to user violence on professionals' psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and empathy. An empirical study with quantitative, descriptive, and transversal methodology was carried out with a sample of 574 professionals from 39 primary-care centers. The study revealed that variables of gender, professional tenure, continued training, and professional status are significantly associated with exposure to user violence. Likewise, the results show that depending on professional status exposure to user violence, job satisfaction and professionals' empathy have an impact on primary health-care workers' General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores. In conclusion, exposure to non-physical user violence in primary-care professionals is associated with some sociodemographic and work characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace violence is present in many work sectors, but in the area of mental health, nurses have a higher risk due to the close relationship they have with users. This study analyzed hostile user statements against nursing professionals of Mental Health Services and Emergency Units in Health Service (MHS) hospitals in Murcia, Spain, and determined the frequency of exposure to the different violent user behaviors. The study was carried out with a sample of 518 nursing professionals from four hospital services: Mental Health, Emergency Units, Medical Hospitalization, and Maternal-and-Child. The nursing staff of Mental Health and Emergency Units was the most exposed to violence. Non-physical violence was more frequent in Emergency Units, whereas physical violence was more frequent in Mental Health. Among the consequences of exposure to non-physical violence are workers' emotional exhaustion and the presence of psychological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Behavioral problems in adolescentes are common in mental health centers. • This is possibly the first experimental study of multi-family group therapy (MFT). • MFT is effective and efficient in adolescents with behavioral problems. • MFT is more efficient than individual therapy (TAU). • The combined use of TAU and MFT may be more effective. Behavioral problems in adolescents are one of the most common reasons for mental health care. Although some reviews support the effectiveness of group interventions, there is little work that demonstrates the efficacy and/or effectiveness of an integrative model similar to that of multifamily group therapy (MFT). To compare the effectiveness of multifamily group therapy (MFT) with individual therapy as usual (TAU) in an outpatient medium. A randomized clinical trial was conducted on a sample of 75 adolescents aged 12–15 years of age from incident cases at a Mental Health Center in southeastern Spain. The Youth Self Report was used to measure problematic, externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Scores were recorded in baseline, at 6 months and one year, and differences were analyzed using multivariate analysis (MANOVA). The Group X Time analysis showed no significant differences between the two interventions at 6 months and one year of the intervention. However, the analysis of main factors appears to show greater TAU efficacy in Externalizing Behavior as a whole, as well as particularly in Verbal Aggression and Depression, whereas MFT shows greater efficacy in Internalizing Behavior. Multifamily individual and group therapy are effective in reducing adolescent behavioral problems, albeit with certain differential aspects. Therefore, the two interventions are complementary, so receiving both treatments would be an added benefit for the adolescent compared to receiving a single form of treatment, as other works suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]