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Background. Hispanics and Latinos are an ethnically heterogeneous population with distinct oral health risk profiles. Few study investigators have examined potential variation in the burden of periodontitis according to Hispanic or Latino background. Methods. The authors used a multicenter longitudinal populationbased cohort study to examine the periodontal health status at screening (2008-2011) of 14,006 Hispanic and Latino adults, aged 18 to 74 years, from four U.S. communities who self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American or South American. The authors present weighted, age-standardized prevalence estimates and corrected standard errors of probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL) and periodontitis classified according to the case definition established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP). The authors used a Wald χ:2 test to compare prevalence estimates across Hispanic or Latino background, age and sex. Results. Fifty-one percent of all participants had exhibited total periodontitis (mild, moderate or severe) per the CDC-AAP classification. Cubans and Central Americans exhibited the highest prevalence of moderate periodontitis (39.9 percent and 37.2 percent, respectively). Across all ages, Mexicans had the highest prevalence of PD across severity thresholds. Among those aged 18 through 44 years, Dominicans consistently had the lowest prevalence of AL at all severity thresholds. Conclusions. Measures of periodontitis varied significantly by age, sex and Hispanic or Latino background among the four sampled Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos communities. Further analyses are needed to account for lifestyle, behavioral, demographic and social factors, including those related to acculturation. Practical Implications. Aggregating Hispanics and Latinos or using estimates from Mexicans may lead to substantial underestimation or overestimation of the burden of disease, thus leading to errors in the estimation of needed clinical and public health resources. This information will be useful in informing decisions from public health planning to patient-centered risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the association between measures of adiposity and periodontitis among older Puerto Rican adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 147 representative adults ≥70 years living in the San Juan metropolitan area. Height, weight, waist circumference ( WC), and hip circumference were measured by trained personnel. Periodontal probing depth and attachment loss ( AL) were measured by calibrated examiners. Periodontitis was classified according to the Center for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology ( CDC- AAP) definitions and using tertiles of mean AL and percent of sites with AL ≥3 mm. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, smoking, education, diabetes status, physical activity, and total fruit and vegetable intake were used to model associations between WC, waist-to-hip ratio ( WHR), and periodontitis. Results High WC (men: ≥102 cm versus <102 cm, women: ≥88 cm versus <88 cm) compared with normal showed nonsignificant associations with severe ( OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 0.76-8.67), moderate periodontitis ( OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.65-3.60), and upper tertile of mean AL ( OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 0.83-6.23). Elevated WHR versus normal (men: ≥0.95 versus <0.95, women: ≥0.88 versus <0.88) was associated with moderate periodontitis ( OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.01-5.52) and showed a borderline significant association with the upper tertile of mean AL ( OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.96-6.63, P = 0.06). Conclusions Central adiposity was associated with a greater risk of periodontitis in this population of older adults, although analyses were underpowered. These results hold important public health implications given the high prevalence of adiposity and periodontitis among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the number of admissions of pregnant adolescents to US juvenile residential systems (JRS) and the outcomes of pregnancies that ended while in custody. Prospective study. Three nonrandomly selected JRS in 3 US states. Designated reporter at each JRS reporting aggregate data on various pregnant admissions, outcomes, and systems' policies. None. Monthly number of pregnant people admitted, pregnant people at the end of the month, births, preterm births, cesarean deliveries, miscarriages, induced abortions, ectopic pregnancies, maternal and newborn deaths, and administrative policies. There were 71 admissions of pregnant adolescents reported over 12 months from participating JRS. At the time of the census, 6 of the 183 female adolescents (3.3%) were pregnant. Eight pregnancies ended while in custody. Of these, 1 pregnancy was a live full-term birth, 4 were miscarriages, and 3 were induced abortions. There were no newborn deaths or maternal deaths. Administrative policies and services varied among the JRS. For example, all JRS had a prenatal care provider on-site, whereas 2 JRS helped cover the costs of abortions. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the estimates of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes among justice-involved youth in JRS. Our findings indicate that there are pregnant adolescents in JRS and most return to their communities while pregnant, highlighting the importance of continuity of care. More work is needed to understand the complexities of health care needs of justice-involved pregnant youth during and after their incarceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High awareness that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death (LCOD) among women is critical to prevention. This study evaluated longitudinal trends in this awareness among women.Methods and Results: Online surveys of US women (≥25 years of age) were conducted in January 2009 and January 2019. Data were weighted to the US population distribution of sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate knowledge of the LCOD. In 2009, awareness of heart disease as the LCOD was 65%, decreasing to 44% in 2019. In 2019, awareness was greater with older age and increasing education and lower among non-White women and women with hypertension. The 10-year awareness decline was observed in all races/ethnicities and ages except women ≥65 years of age. The greatest declines were among Hispanic women (odds ratio of awareness comparing 2019 to 2009, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.07-0.28]), non-Hispanic Black women (odds ratio, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.19-0.49]), and 25- to 34-year-olds (odds ratio, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.10-0.34]). In 2019, women were more likely than in 2009 to incorrectly identify breast cancer as the LCOD (odds ratio, 2.59 [95% CI, 1.86-3.67]), an association that was greater in younger women. Awareness of heart attack symptoms also declined.Conclusions: Awareness that heart disease is the LCOD among women declined from 2009 to 2019, particularly among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black women and in younger women (in whom primordial/primary prevention may be most effective). An urgent redoubling of efforts by organizations interested in women's health is required to reverse these trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biologic sex influences many variables that are important to brain health in general, and to stroke or cerebral ischemia in particular, such as general health status, cerebrovascular anatomy and function, unique risk factors such as pregnancy and preeclampsia, symptomatology, and therapeutic response. A more complete understanding of the scale and depth of sexual dimorphism in the brain and the role of more general sex-based factors is crucial to reducing the burden of stroke in women and men. This focused review highlights recent findings in stroke, including sex differences in epidemiology, risk factor reduction, comparative use of stroke therapeutics in both sexes, the importance of frailty in women, and the biologic basis for sex differences in stroke. Such findings show tremendous promise for the future of personalized medicine in stroke prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together in a single document the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and the factors in the AHA's Life's Simple 7 (Figure1), which include core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity [PA], diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure [BP], and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke produce immense health and economic burdens in the United States and globally. The Update also presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure (HF), valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral arterial disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). Since 2006, the annual versions of the Statistical Update have been cited >20 000 times in the literature. In 2015 alone, the various Statistical Updates were cited ≈4000 times. Each annual version of the Statistical Update undergoes revisions to include the newest nationally representative data, add additional relevant published scientific findings, remove older information, add new sections or chapters, and increase the number of ways to access and use the assembled information. This year-long process, which begins as soon as the previous Statistical Update is published, is performed by the AHA Statistics Committee faculty volunteers and staff and government agency partners. This year's edition includes new data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, new metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, a new chapter on venous disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH), new information on stroke in young adults, an enhanced focus on underserved and minority populations, a substantively expanded focus and chapter on the global burden of CVD, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the AHA's 2020 Impact Goals. Below are a few highlights from this year's Update. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a summary of the updates made to the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update in 2016 which is developed by the nonprofit organization American Heart Association (AHA). Updates include the status of the U.S. Cardiovascular Health, the development of effective approaches that promotes cardiovascular health improvement and the health behaviors of Americans.

The article presents a summary of the updates made to the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update in 2016 outlined by the nonprofit organization American Heart Association (AHA). Updates include the cardiovascular health behaviors of the U.S. children and adults, the development of effective approaches towards the improvement of cardiovascular health and health behaviors including tobacco use, physical inactivity and obesity.