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[Display omitted] • Clinical significance of co-existence of Candida albicans and bacterial pathogens. • Discussion of bacteria and C. albicans surface proteins involved in the physical interaction. • Evolutionary relatedness of the bacterial surface proteins exhibiting specificity to the Candida surface proteins. • Study of molecular interactions between C. albicans and bacterial surface proteins. • Endosymbiotic association of bacterial pathogens inside the C. albicans vacuole. • Multiple strategies to eliminate the co-existence of C. albicans- bacterial pathogens. The co-existence of Candida albicans with the bacteria in the host tissues and organs displays interactions at competitive, antagonistic, and synergistic levels. Several pathogenic bacteria take advantage of such types of interaction for their survival and proliferation. The chemical interaction involves the signaling molecules produced by the bacteria or Candida spp. , whereas the physical attachment occurs by involving the surface proteins of the bacteria and Candida. In addition, bacterial pathogens have emerged to internalize inside the C. albicans vacuole, which is one of the inherent properties of the endosymbiotic relationship between the bacteria and the eukaryotic host. The interaction occurring by the involvement of surface protein from diverse bacterial species with Candida species has been discussed in detail in this paper. An in silico molecular docking study was performed between the surface proteins of different bacterial species and Als3P of C. albicans to explain the molecular mechanism involved in the Als3P-dependent interaction. Furthermore, in order to understand the specificity of C. albicans interaction with Als3P, the evolutionary relatedness of several bacterial surface proteins has been investigated. Furthermore, the environmental factors that influence bacterial pathogen internalization into the Candida vacuole have been addressed. Moreover, the review presented future perspectives for disrupting the cross-kingdom interaction and eradicating the endosymbiotic bacterial pathogens. With the involvement of cross-kingdom interactions and endosymbiotic relationships, the bacterial pathogens escape from the environmental stresses and the antimicrobial activity of the host immune system. Thus, the study of interactions between Candida and bacterial pathogens is of high clinical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein-rich diets often contain high quantities of biogenic amines (BAs), notably histamine and tyramine, which pose substantial health hazards owing to their toxicity. BAs are primarily produced by the microbial decarboxylation of free amino acids. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can either produce BAs using substrate-specific decarboxylase enzymes or degrade them into non-toxic compounds using amine-degrading enzymes such as amine oxidase and multicopper oxidase. Furthermore, LAB may inhibit BA-producing microbes by generating bioactive metabolites, including organic acids and bacteriocins. This paper thoroughly explores the processes underlying BA production and degradation in LAB, with a focus on the diversity of enzymes involved. Metabolic mapping of LAB strains at the genus and species levels reveals their involvement in BA metabolism, from production to degradation. The phylogenetic-based evolutionary relatedness of BA-producing and BA-degrading enzymes among LAB strains sheds light on their functional adaptability to various metabolic needs and ecological settings. These findings have significant practical implications for establishing better microbial management strategies in food production, particularly through strategically using starter or bioprotective cultures to reduce BA buildup. By highlighting the evolutionary and metabolic diversity of LAB, this review helps to optimize industrial fermentation processes, improve food safety protocols, and advance future research and innovation in BA management, ultimately protecting consumer health and supporting regulatory compliance. • Biogenic amines (BAs) in protein-rich foods pose health risks due to potential toxicity. • LAB strains can produce BAs from amino acid precursors using decarboxylase enzymes. • The LAB strain degrades BAs via enzymes like amine oxidase, dehydrogenase, and multicopper oxidase. • Phylogenetic analysis shows conservation and divergence of BAs-related enzymes in LAB strains. • Metabolic mapping of LAB strains reveals their roles in BA metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aminoglycosides are a commonly used class of antibiotics; however, their application has been discontinued due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance bacterial strains. In the present study, the subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of several aminoglycosides were determined and tested as an antibiofilm and for their anti-virulence properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 , which is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen. P. aeruginosa PAO1 exhibits multiple mechanisms of resistance, including the formation of biofilm and production of several virulence factors, against aminoglycoside antibiotics. The sub-MIC of these antibiotics exhibited biofilm inhibition of P. aeruginosa in alkaline TSB (pH 7.9). Moreover, various concentrations of these aminoglycosides also eradicate the mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa. In the presence of sub-MIC of aminoglycosides, the morphological changes of P. aeruginosa were found to change from rod-shaped to the filamentous, elongated, and streptococcal forms. Similar growth conditions and sub-MIC of aminoglycosides were also found to attenuate several virulence properties of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Molecular docking studies demonstrate that these aminoglycosides possess strong binding properties with the LasR protein, which is a well-characterized quorum-sensing receptor of P. aeruginosa. The present study suggests a new approach to revitalize aminoglycosides as antibiofilm and antivirulence drugs to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. • P. aeruginosa PAO1 exhibits multiple resistance mechanisms against aminoglycosides. • Sub-MIC of aminoglycosides exhibited inhibition and eradication of biofilm. • Sub-MIC of aminoglycosides attenuates QS-mediated virulence properties. • Aminoglycosides changes the morphology of the P. aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquitoes act as vectors for many life-threatening diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, West Nile virus, zika virus etc. Continuous use of pesticides caused insecticidal resistance in mosquitoes along with many other detrimental effects on the environment. Therefore, this study was designed to manage the mosquito population under laboratory conditions with synthetic insecticides, plant extracts, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). Mosquito larvae (Aedes aegypti) were collected, identified and reared in cages for bioassay. Along with synthetic chemicals and Bti, fifteen plants were selected for this study and their extracts were obtained through ether as a solvent. Two concentrations (0.001 and 10%) of each treatment were applied against 2nd and 3rd instar larvae for screening trails. Data were collected to check knockdown effect after 4 and 64 h and analysed through two-level factorial design. Datura (Datura wrightii) leaf, kortumma (Citrullus colocynthis), chirata (Swertia chirayaita), Bti, deltamethrin and mortein liquid was screened out as significant factors. After screening experiments, significant factors were tested in combination with five concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10%) of each treatment to test their efficacy after 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 h. In the mixing trials, the highest mortality was observed with those solution having kortumma, insecticides and Bti whereas the least value of LC50 (45.2%) with 100% mortality was found in combination of Kortumma, Datura leaf, Bti, deltamethrin and mortein liquid. Plant extracts along with chemicals and Bti can be considered as an alternative strategy for the control of mosquitoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]