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Histological methods were used to compare the changes in the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract of 10-day-old and 30-day-old cashmere goats in Inner Mongolia. In this study, three 10-day-old and three 30-day-old Inner Mongolia cashmere goats, a total of six goats, were randomly selected for slaughter and sampling. Paraffin sections and H.E. staining were made according to conventional methods, and the relevant parameters of ruminant stomach, small intestine and large intestine of lambs at each stage were determined. The results showed that compared with the 10-day-old lamb, the total rumen weight, net weight, rumen ruffle nipple width, lamina propria width, muscular thickness and keratosis thickness of the 30-day-old lamb increased significantly (P<0.05), the height of the primary fold of the reticulogastric fundus increased significantly (P<0.05), the thickness of the reticulogastric fundus myometrium increased significantly (P<0.05), the thickness of the central muscle, the thickness of the muscle, and the thickness of the keratinized layer of the valvular fundus increased significantly (P<0.05), the depth of the recesses of the duodenum and jejunum crypts decreased significantly (P<0.05), the villus height/crypt depth values increased significantly (P<0.05), and the thickness of the cecal muscle, and the thickness of the rectal mucosa increased significantly (P<0.05). The results showed that with the increase of age (10 to 30 days old), the digestive tract of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats gradually increased their ability to absorb nutrients, and their development was healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is genetic diversity of hair types in the Inner Mongolia cashmere goat population. Previous studies have found that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and PI3K-AKT signal pathways may be related to different hair types in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the PI3K-AKT signal pathway on different hair types, the expression of mRNA and protein expression sites of FGF21 in the hair follicles of cashmere goats with different hair types, so as to lay a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism of different hair types and the role of skin hair follicle development. In this experiment, the skin tissues of long hair type (LHG) and short hair type (SHG) of Inner Mongolia cashmere goat were collected in three key periods of secondary hair follicle growth, namely, anagen (September), catagen (December), and telogen (March). The relative expression of FGF21 and PI3K-AKT signal pathway candidate gene mRNA in different periods and different hair types was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative technique (qRT-PCR), and the expression site of FGF21 protein was located by immunohistochemical technique. Through qRT-PCR, it was found that the relative expression of FGF21, FGFR1, AKT3, BRCA1, PKN3, SPP1, and GNG4 was significantly different between LHG and SHG. The expression of FGF21 in the skin of LHG was significantly higher than that of SHG in the three periods. Through immunohistochemical test, it was found that FGF21 protein was mainly expressed in primary hair follicle connective tissue sheath, primary hair follicle outer root sheath, secondary hair follicle outer root sheath, and sebaceous glands. It was also found that the expression of LHG skin tissue in the outer root sheath of primary hair follicles was higher than that of SHG in three periods. In summary, it is suggested that the PI3K-AKT signal pathway may play an important role in the formation of different hair types in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) can integrate nutrient and growth factor signals to promote cell growth and survival. We report our molecular characterization of the complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes the goat p70S6K gene 40S ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) (GenBank accession GU144017) and its 3' noncoding sequence in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (Capra hircus). Goat S6K1 cDNA was 2,272 bp and include an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,578 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 525 amino acids, and a 694-residue 3' noncoding sequence with a polyadenylation signal at nucleotides 2,218 to 2,223. The relative abundance of S6K1 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR in 6 tissues, and p70S6K expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in heart and testis. The phosphorylation of p70S6K is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in fetal fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The histological examinations of hair follicle density were performed on 14 body sites from 11 Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. • The pattern of total hair follicle density (THFD) was unevenly distributed. • The THFD was high in front and rear, and low in the bottom of the body of Inner Mongolia cashmere goat. • Sites belonging to the body side can be the representative sampling area. In this study, hair follicle density (HFD) was compared among different body sites in Inner Mongolia cashmere goat (Capra hirus). Skin samples from 14 different body sites of 11 Inner Mongolia cashmere goats were collected. A total of 154 skin samples were processed for paraffin embedment, sectioning and H&E staining. Images of 9.26 mm2 were captured by a microscope camera, and primary hair follicle density (PHFD), secondary hair follicle density (SHFD), the ratio of second to primary hair follicle density (S/P) and total hair follicle density (THFD) were calculated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in HFD between females and males. The 14 body sites were clustered into three categories according to the HFD. The THFD of high-density, medium-density and low-density groups was 50.0 ± 8.5, 41.6 ± 7.1 and 26.6 ± 6.2 follicles/mm2 of stained skin section, respectively, and the significant differences (P < 0.01) were found among them. High and low HFD existed in front and rear, and bottom of the body, respectively. These sites from the body of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats had medium value, but had very high value to represent all sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]