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Iberis amara is used in herbal medicine where it has been shown to have heterogeneous pharmacological effects. In this study, ultrasound-assisted supercritical CO 2 extraction (UASCE) of total flavonoids from Iberis amara was optimized. The maximal total flavonoids content (TFC) was achieved at 25 MPa pressure, 46 °C temperature, 0.34 W/mL ultrasonic energy density, which was 18% higher than that obtained with traditional supercritical CO 2 extraction. Furthermore, kinetics study showed that ultrasound primarily improves the extraction rate during constant extraction rate period. High correlation (r = 0.78) exists between TFC and antioxidant activity of extracts. Moreover, HPLC analysis revealed that ultrasound introduction can effectively increase the individual concentrations of interested flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, catechin) in extracts in the range from 16.8% to 45.1%. In conclusion, this study suggests that UASCE is a feasible combined technique to produce flavonoids from Iberis amara on an industrial level as well as for analytical purposes. [Display omitted] • Flavonoids was acquired by ultrasound assisted supercritical CO 2. • Extraction parameters were optimized by response surface methodology. • The optimal combined process was superior to conventional techniques. • Iberis amara is a good source for natural flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic review referring to efficacy and tolerability of the herbal combination Iberogast® (iberis amara planta totalis, Chelidonii herba, Cardui matriae fructus, Melissae folium, Carvi fructus, Liquiritiae radix, Angelicae radix, Matricariae flos, Menthae piperitae folium) was performed in patients with functional dyspepsia. Three placebo-controlled trials and a reference-controlled trial showed a statistical significant and therapeutical relevant reduction of the gastrointestinal symptom-scores in 595 patients. The therapeutic efficacy was also found in one observational study (2267 patients). In accordance with the available evidence Iberogast® seems to be an effective phytotherapeutic preparation to reduce the symptoms of dyspepsia yet, without central nervous side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrasound-supercritical carbon dioxide is efficient for cucurbitacin E extraction. • The optimal hybrid process is superior to traditional techniques. • Calculated Sovová model fitted well with the extraction curve. • Iberis amara can be considered as a suitable source for cucurbitacin E production. Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is an active compound with heterogeneous biological activity and is abundant in Iberis amara seeds. To extract CuE from the seeds, a novel procedure using ultrasound-assisted supercritical CO 2 extraction (UASCE) was exploited in this study. The Taguchi design method was adopted for optimizing the experimental conditions of UASCE using L 25 (56) orthogonal array. The highest CuE yield (8.61 ± 0.06 mg/g, dry mass) for UASCE was achieved at 60 min dynamic extraction time, 25 MPa pressure, 50 °C, 2 mL/min CO 2 flow rate, 12% co-solvent concentration, and 200 W ultrasonic power. The obtained results revealed that UASCE improved the CuE yield by 26.1% and decreased extraction duration by 34.8% as well as reduced the usage amount of CO 2 by 52% compared with orthodox supercritical CO 2 extraction. Furthermore, the kinetics study demonstrated that the adopted Sovová models fitted well with the experimental extraction curves. The convective mechanism plays a prominent role in UASCE process and mass transfer coefficients increased with the amplification of ultrasonic power. This hybrid technique can be considered as an efficient and promising extraction procedure to obtain CuE from Iberis amara seeds in industrial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]