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The use of total internal reflection within the prism coupling scheme is a simple approach to the generation of surface plasmon polariton waves on a metal/dielectric interface. Unfortunately, an anisotropic layer on a metallic film complicates the derivation of resonance angle. In this study, we present clear Fresnel analysis of a liquid crystal film on a metal surface. Few current simulation packages enable the analysis of multiple layers with a single anisotropic layer. The proposed formulation process is applicable to multi-layered structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IR-drop problem during test mode exacerbates delay defects and results in false failures. In this paper, we take the X-filling approach to reduce the IR-drop effect during an at-speed test. The main difference between our approach and the previous X-filling approaches lies in two aspects. The first one is that we take the spatial information into consideration in our approach. The second one is how X-filling is performed. We propose a backward-propagation technique instead of forward-propagation approach taken in previous work. The experimental results show that our approach can reduce 21.1% of the maximum IR-drop in the best case and 9.1% on the average as compared to previous work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]