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Recently, some improvement has been made in the dominant notion of fuzzy set that is Yager investigated the generalized concept of fuzzy set, Intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) and called it q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) set (q-ROFS). The aim of this manuscript is to present the concept of q-ROF soft (q-ROFSt) set (q-ROFStS) based on the Dombi operations. Since Dombi operational parameter possess natural flexibility with the resilience of variability. Some new operational laws are defined based on hybrid study of soft sets and q-ROFS. The advantage of Dombi operational parameter is very important to express the experts' attitude in decision making. In this paper, we present q-ROFSt Dombi average (q-ROFSt DA) aggregation operators including q-ROFSt Dombi weighted average (q-ROFSt DWA), q-ROFSt Dombi ordered weighted average (q-ROFSt DOWA) and q-ROFSt Dombi hybrid average (q-ROFSt DHA) operators. Moreover, we investigate q-ROFSt Dombi geometric (q-ROFSt DG) aggregation operators including q-ROFSt Dombi weighted geometric (q-ROFSt DWG), q-ROFSt Dombi ordered weighted geometric (q-ROFSt DOWG), and q-ROFSt Dombi hybrid geometric (q-ROFSt DHG) operators. The basic properties of these operators are presented with detail such us Idempotency, Boundedness, Monotonicity, Shift invariance, and Homogeneity. Thus from the analysis and advantages of proposed model, it is clear that the investigated q-ROFSt DWA operator is the generalized form of IF St DWA, PFSt DWA and q-ROFDWA operators. Similarly, the investigated q-ROFSt DWG operator is the generalized form of IF St DWG, PFSt DWG and q-ROFDWG operators. By applying the develop approach, this manuscript contains the technique and algorithm for multicriteria decision making (MCDM). Further a numerical example is developed to illustrate the flexibility and applicability of the developed operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modernization and the global fashion market demand continuous improvements in upland cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirustum L.) to meet these improved fiber characteristics (fiber length, fiber strength, micronaire) requirements. Researchers have centered their efforts on improved fiber quality; however, the efforts are not immediately supporting the textile sector. The daily mean and temperature amplitude fluctuation affect cotton yield and fiber characteristics. This study analyzed four newly developed cotton varieties in two cotton regions for fiber characteristics' variations. It was observed that cotton fiber quality characteristics (fiber length, uniformity, strength, and micronaire) are impacted in diverse ways. Fiber quality is mainly affected by the genotype and environmental conditions, e.g., weather conditions, irrigation management, fertilization, and cultural practices. The Khanewal region had shown better fiber characteristics than the Multan region, whereas cotton variety CIM-785 had better fiber characteristics in both regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Yager presented the new concept of q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) set (q-ROFS) which emerged as the most significant generalization of Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS). From the analysis of q-ROFS, it is clear that the rung q is the most significant feature of this notion. When the rung q increases, the orthopair adjusts in the boundary range which is needed. Thus, the input range of q-ROFS is more flexible, resilient, and suitable than the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and PFS. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate the hybrid concept of soft set ( S t S) and rough set with the notion of q-ROFS to obtain the new notion of q-ROF soft rough (q-ROF S t R) set (q-ROF S t RS). In addition, some averaging aggregation operators such as q-ROF S t R weighted averaging (q-ROF S t RWA), q-ROF S t R ordered weighted averaging (q-ROF S t ROWA), and q-ROF S t R hybrid averaging (q-ROF S t RHA) operators are presented. Then, the basic desirable properties of these investigated averaging operators are discussed in detail. Moreover, we investigated the geometric aggregation operators, such as q-ROF S t R weighted geometric (q-ROF S t RWG), q-ROF S t R ordered weighted geometric (q-ROF S t ROWG), and q-ROF S t R hybrid geometric (q-ROF S t RHG) operators, and proposed the basic desirable characteristics of the investigated geometric operators. The technique for multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) and the stepwise algorithm for decision-making by utilizing the proposed approaches are demonstrated clearly. Finally, a numerical example for the developed approach is presented and a comparative study of the investigated models with some existing methods is brought to light in detail which shows that the initiated models are more effective and useful than the existing methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to originate two new notions that are soft rough Pythagorean fuzzy set and Pythagorean fuzzy soft rough set, and investigate some important properties of soft rough Pythagorean fuzzy set and Pythagorean fuzzy soft rough set in detail. Furthermore, classical representations of Pythagorean fuzzy soft rough approximation operators are presented. Then the proposed operators are applied on decision-making problem in which the experts provide their preferences in Pythagorean fuzzy soft rough environment. Finally through an illustrative example, it is shown that how the proposed operators work in decision-making problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript we develop a comprehensive model to tackle decision making problems where strong points of view are in the favor and against some projects, entities or plans. Therefore a new approach is adopted to hybrid q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets with notions of covering rough set and TOPSIS. This model has stronger capability than intuitionistic fuzzy set and Pythagorean fuzzy set to manage the uncertainty. Furthermore an example is given to demonstrate how the proposed method helps us in decision making problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we consider a portfolio optimization problem of the Merton’s type with complete memory over a finite time horizon. The problem is formulated as a stochastic control problem on a finite time horizon and the state evolves according to a process governed by a stochastic process with memory. The goal is to choose investment and consumption controls such that the total expected discounted utility is maximized. Under certain conditions, we derive the explicit solutions for the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations in a finite-dimensional space for exponential, logarithmic, and power utility functions. For those utility functions, verification results are established to ensure that the solutions are equal to the value functions, and the optimal controls are also derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We applied the multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI) to Tajikistan, using the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets to assess energy poverty at the national and sub-national levels, along the urban-rural gradient, and over time. The results showed very low energy poverty levels across the board. However, using the Khalon region survey, and applying the original index, we found substantially higher energy poverty levels. Whereas the MEPI results from DHS datasets were 0.15 for 2012 and 0.04 for 2017 for rural areas of Khatlon, the MEPI result from Khatlon dataset was 0.53. This is higher by about 253% against 2012 and a whopping 1225% against 2017 estimates. Modifying the indicators and weights and applying this modified index to the Khatlon dataset showed a higher result (0.54), but still in the moderate energy poverty category. Furthermore, we conducted assessment at the sub-regional level and by access to grid electricity in both the original and modified indices based on the Khatlon dataset, and found differences ranging from 0.47 to 0.80, i.e. moderate to acute energy poverty. Therefore, low results found using the DHS dataset likely underestimate the actual state of energy poverty in Tajikistan, whereas the Khatlon dataset showed substantially higher energy poverty levels that are closer to reality. These results offer valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners to investigate the actual state of energy poverty and explore measures to address this issue. We propose eight recommendations for future research into energy poverty measurement, focusing on study design and choice of indicators. • MEPI methodology applied to Tajikistan using DHS datasets yields very low energy poverty levels. • Using Khatlon region survey, MEPI shows substantially higher levels of energy poverty. • Modified MEPI also shows comparably high levels of energy poverty. • A set of eight recommendations are proposed to improve energy poverty measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present Justice, a set of extensions to the Liberty simulation infrastructure that model chip area, wire length, and power consumption. Based on an architectural specification of a processor, Justice estimates the area and per-access power consumption of each module in the architecture. It then constructs a floorplan for the processor and computes the length and delay of critical communication paths. Finally, Justice modifies the architectural specification to account for wire delay and generates an executable simulator for the processor. To illustrate its capabilities, we simulate a number of very long instruction word (VLIW) architectures. Our results illustrate how Justice makes it possible for designers to compare the costs and benefits of different changes to an architecture and demonstrate the importance of considering wire delay early in the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\nResearch highlightsThe study examines the impact of zinc ions on energy storage in solvothermal-synthesised graphene-zinc oxide nanocomposites. In recent years, there has been extensive research focus on graphene and metal oxides, particularly in heterostructures and composites. These materials have a broad range of applications, like energy storage. Faradaic processes were shown by the observation of redox peaks in the CV analysis of a three-electrode system. The estimated specific capacitances of graphene at scan rates of (1, 50, and 100) mVS−1 were (1250, 562.5, and 390.6) Fg−1. The G-ZnO (2 w%) and G-ZnO (3 w%) gave the specific capacitance of (1354, 750, and 520) Fg−1 and (1422, 818, and 568) Fg−1 at the same scan rates of 1, 50, and 100 mV/s. Applying a potential to the material reveals its pseudo-capacitive properties. The XRD results for G-ZnO (2 w%) and G-ZnO (3 w%) show diffraction peaks at 2θ = 20.56°, 32.95°, 40.69°, 47.41°, 59.02°, and 69.04°, which correspond to the diffraction planes 011, 100, 101, 102, 110, and 200, respectively. The study examines the impact of zinc ions on energy storage in solvothermal-synthesised graphene-zinc oxide nanocomposites.Faradaic processes were confirmed by the observation of redox peaks in the CV analysis of a three-electrode system.The estimation of specific capacitances of graphene was carried out at scan rates of (1, 50, and 100) mVS−1, and it yielded values of (1250, 562.5, and 390.6) Fg−1.The study examines the impact of zinc ions on energy storage in solvothermal-synthesised graphene-zinc oxide nanocomposites.Faradaic processes were confirmed by the observation of redox peaks in the CV analysis of a three-electrode system.The estimation of specific capacitances of graphene was carried out at scan rates of (1, 50, and 100) mVS−1, and it yielded values of (1250, 562.5, and 390.6) Fg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this manuscript is to present a novel idea on the q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough set (q-ROFRS) by the hybridized notion of q-ROFRSs and rough sets (RSs) and discuss its basic operations. Furthermore, by utilizing the developed concept, a list of q-ROFR Einstein weighted averaging and geometric aggregation operators are presented which are based on algebraic and Einstein norms. Similarly, some interesting characteristics of these operators are initiated. Moreover, the concept of the entropy and distance measures is presented to utilize the decision makers' unknown weights as well as attributes' weight information. The EDAS (evaluation based on distance from average solution) methodology plays a crucial role in decision-making challenges, especially when the problems of multicriteria group decision-making (MCGDM) include more competing criteria. The core of this study is to develop a decision-making algorithm based on the entropy measure, aggregation information, and EDAS methodology to handle the uncertainty in real-word decision-making problems (DMPs) under q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough information. To show the superiority and applicability of the developed technique, a numerical case study of a real-life DMP in agriculture farming is considered. Findings indicate that the suggested decision-making model is much more efficient and reliable to tackle uncertain information based on q-ROFR information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In real life, human opinion cannot be limited to yes or no situations as shown in an ordinary fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets but it may be yes, abstain, no, and refusal as treated in Picture fuzzy sets or in Spherical fuzzy (SF) sets. In this article, we developed a comprehensive model to tackle decision-making problems, where strong points of view are in the favour; neutral; and against some projects, entities, or plans. Therefore, a new approach of covering-based spherical fuzzy rough set (CSFRS) models by means of spherical fuzzy β -neighborhoods (SF β -neighborhoods) is adopted to hybrid spherical fuzzy sets with notions of covering the rough set. Then, by using the principle of TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) to present the spherical fuzzy, the TOPSIS approach is presented through CSFRS models by means of SF β -neighborhoods. Via the SF-TOPSIS methodology, a multi-attribute decision-making problem is developed in an SF environment. This model has stronger capabilities than intuitionistic fuzzy sets and picture fuzzy sets to manage the vague and uncertainty. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated through an example of how the proposed method helps us in decision-making problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept of generalized rough approximations for fuzzy filters in ordered semigroups is introduced. Then this idea is extended to rough approximations of fuzzy bi-filters and fuzzy quasi-filters in ordered semigroups. -fuzzy filters are a generalization of fuzzy filters and these can be further generalized by -fuzzy filters. Generalized roughness has been studied for both and -fuzzy filters of ordered semigroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial control system (ICS) attacks are usually targeted attacks that use the ICS entry approach to get a foothold within a system and move laterally throughout the organization. In recent decades, powerful attacks such as Stuxnet, Duqu, Flame, and Havex have served as wake-up calls for industrial units. All organizations are faced with the rise of security challenges in technological innovations. This paper aims to develop aggregation operators that can be used to address the decision-making problems based on a spherical fuzzy rough environment. Meanwhile, some interesting properties of idempotence, boundedness, and monotonicity for the proposed operators are analyzed. Moreover, we use this newly constructed framework to select ICS security suppliers and validate its acceptability. Furthermore, a different test has been performed based on a new operator to strengthen the suggested approach. Additionally, comparative analysis based on the novel extended TOPSIS method is presented to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique. The results show that the conventional approach has a larger area for information representation, better adaptability to the evaluation environment, and higher reliability of the evaluation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present new interactive averaging aggregation operators by assigning associate probabilities for T-spherical fuzzy sets (T-SFSs). T-SFS is a generalization of several existing theories such as intuitionistic fuzzy sets and picture fuzzy sets to handle imprecise information. Under such an environment, we developed a series of averaging interactive aggregation operators under the features that each element is represented with T-spherical fuzzy numbers. Various properties of the proposed operators are also investigated. Further, to rank the different T-SFSs, we exhibit the new score functions and state their some properties. To demonstrate the presented algorithm, a decision-making process algorithm is presented with T-SFS features. To save non-renewable resources and to the protect environment, the use of renewable resources is important. Solar energy is one of the best renewable energy resources and is also environment-friendly and thus the selection of solar cells is typically a multi-attribute decision-making problem. Therefore, the applicability of the developed algorithm is demonstrated with a numerical example in the selection of the solar cells and comparison of their performance with the several existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]