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Introduction: To analyze, using bibliometric techniques, the scientific production on drug-related problem (DRP) indexed in the Scopus bibliographic database. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from the Scopus database, querying with the term “drug-related problem” in the registration fields of title, abstract and keywords; final search date January 2024. Results: A total of 2992 references were obtained. The annual relationship of the number of publications showed a direct linear regression model (R2 = 0.8; p < 0.001). The most frequent document type was the original article with 2455 (82.1%) references, with a productivity index of 3.4. Papers published in 26 different languages were identified, with English being the predominant language with 2607 (87.1%) papers. There was a statistically significant correlation between JCR and CiteScore impact indicators (R = 0.7, p = 0.005). A total of 40659 keywords (KW) were found, with an average of 13.6 KW per paper. The most used KW was Human, in 2411 (5.9%) times. Conclusions: Taking into account all previously mentioned, it could be concluded: This study showed that research in the field of DRPs has experienced a steady growth over the years, although it has not yet reached exponential growth. The original article was the most common type of document in scientific production. There was a clear Anglo-Saxon influence, both in terms of language and institutional affiliation. The lack of use of standardized language was evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most recent reimagining of Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote (1605) --Salman Rushdie's Quichotte (2019)-- represents the volatile identities in American society under the conditions of blurring a line between fact and fiction. Exploring quixotism as the conflict of idealism vs realism elucidates the idea of humans who fight with the windmills in their heads. Against the background of this conflict, topical concerns are vividly highlighted to remain constant throughout the centuries, considering specific historical and sociocultural circumstances. The impact of this binary opposition on the worldview of the people of that time and the modern ones, created by Cervantes and Rushdie correspondingly, is a primary focus of the article. Both novels share a symbolic reflection of the world through the distinct aesthetics of a work of fiction that moves them beyond metafictional narration. A comparative study of the diachronically different stories emphasises a similarity of the strong questions raised about the societies whose ideals quixotes reflect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networks are exerting a great influence on people and have been incorporated in a significant way into the different areas of the lives of human beings. In addition to this, technological advances have revolutionized the ways of communicating and sharing information with other people, thus, creating a new digital culture. The field of healthcare has not been the exception. Social networks have also been incorporated to this field and have had a great impact on it. Highlighting among them the use of WhatsApp as a mean of communication in which information on patients can be exchanged instantly. The Coordination of Academic Committees of the Division of Postgraduate Studies (DEP, Coordinación de Comités Académicos de la División de Estudios de Posgrado) of the Faculty of Medicine, UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) supervises some most of the courses in which medical residents receive training. During the supervision visits to the medical centers where these courses are conducted, the afore mentioned coordination has recognized that the most frequent form of communication among healthcare authorities, doctors, professors, and resident doctors is through an instant message application, WhatsApp. Within Mexican law, there exist two main regulations for privacy and data, the Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties (Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares, LFPDPPP) and the General Law on Protection of Personal Data in Possession of Obliged Subjects (Ley General de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de Sujetos Obligados, LGPDPPSO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The objective of this observational cross-sectional study was to investigate associations between sheep farmers’ mental health scores for stress, anxiety, depression, and resilience, and sheep welfare indicators. Materials and methods. Twenty-two sheep farms in the Colombian departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Tolima, and Meta, were visited on a single occasion. Clinical health, cleanliness, and calmness of randomly selected sheep per farm were scored to identify the number of animals with different welfare problems such as lameness, hoof overgrowth, and mastitis. A face-to-face interview with the farmer was performed to gather demographic information (farm size and year of establishment, gender, age, role at the farm, and education) and to complete validated psychometric scales to assess resilience, stress, anxiety, and depression. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between farmers’ mental health scores, demographic aspects, and within-flock prevalence of sheep welfare indicators. Results. A total of 427 sheep were evaluated across different farms. The most prevalent welfare problems were hoof overgrowth (40.9%) and dirty fleece (32.9%); the least prevalent were clinical mastitis (1.3%) and respiratory issues (1.2%). Farmers’ stress level was positively associated with the prevalence of clinically lame sheep and farm size. Anxiety was positively associated with the prevalence of sheep with dirty fleeces, clinical lameness, and with being a female farmer. Depression was positively associated with the prevalence of hoof overgrowth. Conclusions. Findings showed that higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among farmers were associated with the presence of animal welfare problems, larger farms, and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research is to expose the problems that are experienced within the penitentiary centers in Mexico, which is the issue of drug addiction and its consequences in the non-consolidation of social reintegration. This is because the human right to health (physical and psychological) is violated. Said investigation contemplates demonstrating that, through the amparo trial, the prison authorities can be forced to create a drug policy that guarantees the right to health and provide timely treatment to persons deprived of their liberty, who suffer from an addiction due to drug use in social reintegration centers, with the aim of guaranteeing their I. health; II. their social reinsertion; and, III. Non-criminal recidivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the process of human recognition by virtue of the animal presence in Blanca Varela work. My analysis is based on the reading of the poem "CLAROSCURO", included in the book Ejercicios Materiales. The poet's reflection in this poem does not promote a distancing, but rather manages to situate herself at the limit of both spheres: the human and the animal. Such an acute perspective is a sign of her full knowledge of the human being and of the relationship she establishes with the other species, which she treats as equals. Such a process entails, therefore, the recognition of man as a borderline being, a liminal creature, who is also ephemeral, since he is made of flesh and blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the following article, a look is discussed regarding the coexistence relationship between humans and nature, a problem that has been established by specific decisions and motivations of Man. The exploitation of biodiversity today requires an environmental awareness that transcends the particular interests of human beings, therefore, a possible way for discussion and/or improvement is to resort to Kantian ethics with the notion of duty that is recognized as a categorical imperative, along with other contemporary positions that contribute to the study in question; on the one hand, a theory that calls for biocentrism and, on the other hand, one that calls for responsibility in the exercise of scientific practice. The positions under discussion could give a possible solution to the problem, so that it is necessary to get rid of the subjective interest and self-interested practices of the human being towards nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific research encompasses cognitive and intellectual issues of cephalopods, specifically octopuses, concerning humans. These links can be both about similarities and differences, which in turn help to demystify this curious and idealized animal that is the octopus. The article aims to clarify possible relationships between these two beings and to prove the opposite about several neural characteristics considered exclusive to vertebrate animals. The study was developed through the method of bibliographic and documentary research, with an emphasis on the use of qualitative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The population-based Cancer Registry of Cali Colombia operates continuously since 1962, disseminating incidence information in the XI volumes of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Aim: To describe the incidence and mortality rates for the period 2011-2020 and the changes in the trend of incidence rates (1962-2017) and mortality rates from cancer (1986-2020). Methods: The Joinpoint model and the annual percentage change (APC) were used as summary measures of the changes in the trends of incidence rates (ASR-I) and mortality (ASR-M) standardized by age with the direct method. Results: Trough 1988-2017 the ASR-I for all locations increased 0.4% annually (95% CI: 0.2, 0.6) in men and decreased annually 0.2% (95% CI: -0.3; -0.1) in women. The ASR-Is of cancers related to opportunity screening activities (prostate and breast) increased until the early 21st century and then decreased. The ASR-I of cancers related to infectious agents continue to decrease (cervix, vulva, and stomach). There is evidence of control of cancer related to tobacco consumption (lung, oral cavity, bladder). In both sexes, the ASR-I of thyroid, colorectal and lymphoma cancers increased and those of ovarian cancer decreased. Between 1984-2020 the ASR-M for all locations decreased annually 0.7% (95% CI: -0.9, -0.5) in men and 1.1% (95% CI: -1.3, -0.9) in women. For both sexes, ASR-M decreased for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, lung, bladder, lymphomas, and leukemias; and increased in colorectal cancer. The ASR-M for cervical and prostate cancer decreased annually by 3.5% (95% CI: -3.9, -3.2) and 0.1% (95% CI: -0.5, -0.3), respectively. Comment: This information allows the construction of some indicators to monitor the City Cancer Challenge initiative and the current 10-year plan for cancer control in Colombia, 2011-2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arbovirus that belongs to the genus Orthobunyavirus and family Peribunyaviridae, responsible for causing Oropouche fever (OF) in humans. The clinical diagnosis of is doubtful due to the non-specificity of the symptoms, which can lead to a mistaken diagnosis of other arboviruses. Thus, the survey of epidemiological data on the occurrence of has been a major challenge for public health authorities, especially in of South America. Aim: To determine the general exposure rate of OROV in Brazil and other countries in South America by a systematic review. An article search was carried out in the Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Lilacs, Electronic Scientific Online Library (SciELO) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Results:18 studies were selected as eligible to compose this review on epidemiological aspects of OROV. The studies were published from 1989 to 2020. Most studies were carried out in Brazil (12/18; 66.66%) and Peru (5/18; 27.77%), only one study collected samples from Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Paraguay. The test for the OROV was realized mainly by serological analysis. Of the 8005 samples analyzed, 1570 tested positive for the presence of OROV thus accounting a general exposure rate in South America of 19.61%. Brazil was responsible for more than half of the cases of OROV identified in South America (855/1570; 54.46%), however Peru has the highest rate of exposure to the virus (23.43% of frequency in Peru vs. 16.77% of frequency in Brazil). Conclusion: OROV stands out as an important public health problem in Amazonian countries in South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current covid-19 pandemic, which began towards the end of 2019, has led to radical changes in the daily life of the world's population. The article recalls notions of psychoanalysis that could explain some subjective and social effects of this health emergency, and it highlights the bias of cultural regression in the sequence of a strange loop of human behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The starting point of this article is a reflection on two texts of the physician and philosopher Bernard de Mandeville base for what I call the "software of capitalism". This, together with the diagnosis made by Sigmund Freud a hundred years ago about civilization and its discontents, allows us to understand the risk of today's postmodern society of completely changing what we call human. The expansion of the death drive and the fall of regimes, alternative to capitalism, together with a criticism of the division of knowledge that favors the instrumental reason to the detriment of synthetic and critical reason, leads me to suggest that the thinkers in human and social sciences are locked in our disciplines and do not manage to understand the possible near end of human adventure. Psychoanalysis must interpret its score in this symphony of the last chance to avoid being replaced by behavioral therapies, showing that although there is a disharmonic bassline that seeks death, there is another one, a harmonic one, that seeks life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epistemology that delimits knowledge justified as truth makes part of the discourses that strengthen the idea of the human as center. In this perspective, everything revolves around the instituted, normalized, as well as universalized. However, such outcome, that well explains Descartes as a product of the experience of the self, nature, and history, finds another meaning from the Lacanian subject: that of the subject as determined from a de(sire)centered, that is, by the desire that does not point to homogenization or alienation, but to the experience of a void established in the relationship with the lack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Congenital muscular hyperplasia of the hand is a rarely described entity, characterized by the presence of aberrant or accessory muscles in the hypothenar eminence, which has been always reported as sporadic anomaly in the medical literature. The aim of this paper is to report a series of cases with a phenotype of aberrant muscle hyperplasia associated with PIK3CA mutations. Material and Methods. We describe a retrospective series of cases followed at our institution between 2008 and 2020, with a unique phenotypein the context of PIK3CA mutations. Results. A total of 6 patients were included (4 males and 2 females), who presented with an enlargement of the hypothenar eminence of the hand and peculiar wrinkling of the overlying skin, associated with ulnar deviation of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints. In all cases, variable degrees of congenital overgrowth of the ipsilateral limb were observed. Skin punch biopsy (5 mm diameter and 3-5 mm depth) was performed on 4 patients, where striated muscle hyperplasia and the presence of striated muscular fibers in the dermis and hypodermis were observed in all of them. Genetic studies revealed PIK3CA mutation in 3 of the 4 patients whose affected tissue was analyzed, in a mosaic state ranging from 3 to 8% (His1047Arg, Glu542Lys, and Cys420Arg, 1 case each). Conclusion. Aberrant muscular hyperplasia of the hand is a well-recognized entity scarcely described in association with PIK-3CA spectrum disorder in the pediatric population. The role of PIK- 3CA in muscle overgrowth is not yet well understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to trace the discursive argument of Caribbean thought and reason, through three important intellectual figures, showing the development and influence of their ideas on each other and the broader community. The paper examines the ideas and influence of the Martinican poet, playwright, and politician, Aimé Césaire on his fellow countryman, Frantz Fanon, and in turn, their influence on the Cuban born, Jamaican raised, Sylvia Wynter. The paper shows how the colonial epistemology dominates the thinking of the colonized mind, engendering contempt and self-loathing, which, essentially has to be unlearned as an act of psychic liberation. In the process, the essay traces the rejection of colonial epistemology, which places the non-Western person outside of humanity, and into a zone of non-being. The culmination of this intellectual disquisition is the de-alienation of black personhood and the affirmation of the human. Este artículo busca rastrear el argumento discursivo del pensamiento y la razón caribeños, a través de tres importantes figuras intelectuales, mostrando el desarrollo y la influencia de sus ideas entre sí y en la comunidad en general. El artículo examina las ideas y la influencia del poeta, dramaturgo y político martiniqués Aimé Césaire sobre su compatriota Frantz Fanon y, a su vez, su influencia sobre Sylvia Wynter, nacida en Cuba y criada en Jamaica. El artículo muestra cómo la epistemología colonial domina el pensamiento de la mente colonizada, engendrando desprecio y autodesprecio, lo que, esencialmente, tiene que ser desaprendido como un acto de liberación psíquica. En el proceso, el ensayo rastrea el rechazo de la epistemología colonial, que coloca a la persona no occidental fuera de la humanidad y en una zona del no ser. La culminación de esta disquisición intelectual es la desalienación de la personalidad negra y la afirmación del ser humano. Cet article cherche à retracer l'argumentation discursive de la pensée et de la raison caribéennes, à travers trois figures intellectuelles importantes, en montrant le développement et l'influence de leurs idées entre elles et dans la communauté en général. L'article examine les idées et l'influence du poète, dramaturge et homme politique martiniquais Aimé Césaire sur son compatriote Frantz Fanon et, à son tour, son influence sur Sylvia Wynter, née à Cuba et élevée en Jamaïque. L'article montre comment l'épistémologie coloniale domine la pensée de l'esprit colonisé, engendrant le mépris et le dégoût de soi, qui doivent essentiellement être désappris comme un acte de libération psychique. Dans la foulée, l'essai retrace le rejet de l'épistémologie coloniale, qui place la personne non occidentale en dehors de l'humanité et dans une zone de non-être. L'aboutissement de cette dissertation intellectuelle est la désaliénation de la personnalité noire et l'affirmation de l'être humain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to present a critical view on dehumanization in education, based on Rogers and Morin, considering the current panorama in education. We used the bibliographic and exploratory methodology. Once a situation of fragility and a need to revise the current conjuncture in the educational field was detected, the vision of each author was presented, with a special emphasis on the rescue of the human being and the valuation of the student's person as protagonist of the education process. The posture of 'learning to learn' becomes fundamental in this discussion and works here as a hinge, because it is present both to Morin's reflection (2011, 2014) and from Rogers (1973, 1987), which will rightly collaborate to meet points of intersection between the two Thinkers. At the end, some keys of reading that articulate the previous analysis on the way of making possible exits in front of the current moment lived by the education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research was to describe the training in values for the human development of young Colombians, considering the theoretical contributions of Lebrija and others (2016), Cadenas (2016), Briones and Lara (2016). The study was descriptive of non-experimental field, in a population of twelve (12) teachers. As a result, the training in values for the human development of young Colombians was described, strengthened in the interest to enhance the family's participation in the practice of values. Teaching-student values are affected by social phenomena. The epistemological approach does not enable the educational model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O livro de Jay Bernstein é excepcional por sua generosidade, seu compromisso, a paciência de seu argumento e, vamos ousar esse termo, seu humanismo, um humanismo que também apóia importantes avanços no feminismo. J. Bernstein nos oferece nada menos que uma revolução copernicana em questões de filosofia moral, um projeto "imodesto", imodesto, como ele descreve na apresentação que nos fez de seu livro, uma palavra pouco usada em francês, que sugere modéstia enquanto nega. Podemos então apresentar a abordagem de J. Bernstein como um esforço para ir atrás da secularização, ou seja, pensar na moralidade apenas no contexto das relações entre os seres humanos. Segundo ele, uma ação não é ruim porque transgride uma proibição, mas porque machuca alguém. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of Mediation and its importance at the global level constitutes a legal figure of great relevance in the strengthening of the quality of the administration of justice, for this reason the objective of determining whether the evolution of the statistics of the mediation processes in Guayaquil has emphasized the human side of conflicts and not only to comply with an indicator. The quantitative and documental methodology was applied with the use of the documentary records of the Council of the Judiciary regarding the cases attended in the different Mediation Centers of the city of Guayaquil. The results showed a decrease of more than 20% of the mediation processes in the period from January to October 2017 in relation to the same period of 2016, decreasing the cases in thirteen of fourteen local mediation offices; despite increasing the total agreement minutes in four percentage points in 2017, the amount was lower compared to 2016. Consequently, the Mediators were not prepared efficiently to positively influence the decision of the parties in dispute, appreciating Limited contribution to the human side of conflict resolution, with little positive perception of users. In conclusion, the authorities of the administration of justice, must improve mediation processes to adequately meet the needs of citizens and save economic resources to the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to propose a conceptual model of happiness management, in order to enable a better understanding of this phenomenon. This work was based on a study with a documentary design. The management of happiness should be centered on the employee, from the organizational human and the business human. The first, emphasizes the collaborator as a human being, and the second, emphasizes the employee as a worker. From the understanding of these dimensions, a model of happiness management is proposed that articulates the happiness component to the management areas of a company. With indicators that demonstrate the happiness not only of employees, but also of customers and shareholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I would like to treat the world, its dwarf or daimon and transcendence. We suspect that, between the immanent world and its transcendental openness, a determinant or destinal dwarf or daemon cohabit, an elemental spirit that presides over the intermediate sphere of the human, precisely mediating or subtly mediating it, as well as recreating it dialectically. In the end, dwarf and daimon embody the ambivalent energetic of the universe, and in the background the own demonic or self-creativity character of the diverse and even contradictory universe, but radically intertwined. This is the radical question of a radical philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uterine tubes (UT) are fundamental tubular organs in human reproduction. However, it was not until the middle of the 17th century that Reinier De Graaf's research began to reveal its true role in reproduction. In this work the main contributions of Horacio Croxatto Avoni toward the knowledge of the morphology and physiology of the human UT are summarized. Its main contributions are related to the physiology of zygote transport and gametes throughout the UT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an artificial intelligence technique (AI) that can be used to find approximate solutions to numerical problems of maximization and minimization. In this study, it was used a PSO algorithm to compare displacements from human cornea sample subjected to internal pressure of 45 mmHg with Results of numerical simulations were provided which identified optimized values for hyperelastic properties of the cornea (μ and α). By means of the results from numerical simulations via inverse analysis by the Finite Element Method (FEM), in conjunction with the PSO algorithm, optimized values of μ = 0.047 and α = 106.7 were found. When compared with optimized results from commercial software, errors around 0.15% were found. Results showed that, varying the values of particle inertia coefficients in the PSO algorithm, simulated displacements have improved when compared to experimental data. This demonstrates the potential use of PSO algorithm in conjunction with the FEM inverse analysis for hyperelastic materials characterization, using simplified geometrical models [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to understand the characteristics of the humane society or dopo-modern society proposed by Pierpaolo Donati, as a framework for the reintroduction of the human subject into the social processes that overcomes the dichotomy of the individual and system. Methodology: a study review was applied to a documentary analysis of sources and an in-depth interview was conducted. Relevant information was selected and analyzed from the primary sources. A selective review of books and scientific articles was carried out due to the amount of published works from the author. Results: the concept of humane society is the result of the fruitful confrontation of the relational paradigm of Donati and the functionalism approach, especially that of Luhmann, as well as, the response to the reflexive concepts of modernity and postmodernity. The activation of the new social relationships results in increasing social complexity meaning the possibility of differentiating between the humane society from the non-humane society; thus, facilitating the achievement of greater levels of humanity against some social dynamics which seem to exclude them from a Lib-Lab model of social structure. Conclusions: the humane society is no different to that of the existing. It is the result of putting into practice the distinction between human and non-human, a relational and reflexive way of making evident and effective, the possibility of the prevalence of the human subject against the context or social structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education has been given the responsibility of training subjects to face the problems and conflicts that are in society in order to achieve economic and political development and a better quality of life in the social world. That is why the institutions seek to transmit both values and knowledge, which will allow the formation of generations of responsible people, with ethical and solidarity, reflective and critical, respectful of the national legal system based on scientific and technical knowledge; generations that can humanize the social world. In the case of Colombia, within the guidelines given by the Ministry of National Education, the different entities that are dedicated to this higher education generate paths and goals that account with the purpose described above from educational projects that give them identity. But this combination (regulation of the State and institutional identity) has led higher education institutions to use terms that account for that responsibility. Terms like human, person, and formative comprehensiveness that need to be loaded with meaning and to be studied with caution in each particular case. It is proposed a overview from Modern Ontological Personalism that provide clues that generate a clarification on the mentioned terms, in their purport and meaning, to work out ways of consistency while allowing coherence between the proposals of identity, the State and the pedagogical actions of institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary TV series are having a great success and influence in our postmodern societies. The zombie phenomenon is getting everyday bigger audiences as well. Perhaps, this is the reason why the number of TV series about zombies is also growing. This paper uses the theory of social imaginaries to show the manner in which one of these before mentioned media products, the series The Walking Dead, invites us to picture or imagine the human through a new characteristic of the survivors: that of being infected. This new state shows how this TV fiction introduces and potentiates a new idea of the humanhood as eventual and impossible for the naturalistic and economical reasoning. In order to clarify this idea of the human being as someone who cannot be reduced to the mere scientific discourse we invoke Derrida and his attempt of defending the human difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the book to which the subtitle refers, this brief essay addresses the question of the human and the animal. After considering the conditions that the author of the book proposes for the examination of such question, following the path of Jasques Derrida's thinking, discussion focuses on the thesis of a "transcendental humanism", which is put to the test confronting it with two moments of Kant's critical program, one of them from the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, and the other from the third Critique. In both moments the theme of the human takes on a special relevance, and in the second it would possible to recognize a certain hesitation about the human, expressed in the formula "at the same time animal". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically the Curriculum Component of Religious Education (RE) underwent distinct concepts and forms of expression in different historical contexts of Brazilian education. His identity is marked by the relations established between State, Church, Politics and Religion, which defined its nature and its social function. Currently, the RE, according to Art. 33 of the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education (LDB) No 9394/96 is binding offer for discipline in elementary school, optional registration, and integral part of the baric trailing of citizens constituted discipline normal hours of teaching in public schools with responsibility for ensuring respect for cultural diversity Religious in Brazil, without any form of proselytizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rotaviroses are diseases caused by viruses, the genus Rotavirus, which are considered worldwide as one of the major enteric viruses that affect both humans and animals. Enteric disorders as a result of Rotavirus are observed more often in newborns and can lead to death, and species of veterinary importance, which may cause significant economic losses. Most acute infections caused by rotavirus is characterized by its severity, and often accompanied by diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and acidosis. Rotaviruses are widespread in nature, and a host range is susceptible to infection, including domestic and wild mammals and also birds. Several studies have reported the infection of humans coming from rotavirus animals, demonstrating the zoonotic character of rotavirus disease. It is known that domestic animals, like dogs, can be important reservoirs of the virus in the transmission cycle to humans, however, to date, there are not many studies aimed to evaluate the legitimate role of dogs in public health in relation the rotaviroses. Thus, this review aims to elucidate the importance of rotavirus disease originated from dogs (Canis familiaris) as zoonosis, focusing on the general aspects of the disease and especially the epidemiological importance of dogs, based on studies in the scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The studie describes the blood-feeding behaviour of mosquitoes in Mexico, to understand host-vector relationships and dynamics of disease transmission. Methods From September 2012 to November 2012 and in November 2013, 911 blood-fed Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were collected with aspirators inside houses in Chetumal and Cancun. Blood meals were analysed by PCR and subsequent Sanger sequencing of the cytochrome b gene. Results 93.3% of mosquitoes fed on mammals, 6.5% on birds and 0.2% on reptiles. The most frequent vertebrate hosts were humans (65.4%), dogs (23.2%), chicken (5.4%), cattle (2.2%) and cats (1.8%). Conclusions Cx. quinquefasciatus most frequently fed on humans and dogs in both studied cities, which is in contrast to a previous study that demonstrated lower prevalence of mammalian blood in engorged Cx. quinquefasciatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To identify household-level factors associated with influenza among young children in a crowded community in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a case-control study using existing active surveillance for respiratory illness. Cases were children aged 12-59 months with laboratory-confirmed influenza. Controls were children frequency-matched by age group with no respiratory illness in the prior 6 months. We interviewed caregivers and observed household handwashing behaviour. Soap consumption was estimated by summing weight differences of three bars of soap sequentially left in each household. We measured concentrations of airborne particulate matter <2.5 μg in diameter ( PM2.5) in a subset of households. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios ( aOR) and 95% confidence intervals ( CI). Results We enrolled 145 cases and 341 controls between March 2009 and April 2010. Case and control household members were observed to wash hands with similar frequency during a 5-h period (mean, 0.64 events vs. 0.63, P = 0.87), and similar daily soap consumption per capita (mean 2.92 grams vs. 2.93, P = 0.92). Case households were more likely than controls to have crowded (≥4 persons) sleeping areas ( aOR = 1.67, CI: 1.06-2.63) and cross-ventilated cooking spaces ( aOR = 1.75, CI: 1.16-2.63). Case and control households had similar median 24-h geometric mean PM2.5 concentrations in the cooking (69.2 vs. 69.6 μg/m3, P = 0.45) and sleeping (65.4 vs. 67.4 μg/m3, P = 0.19) spaces. Conclusions Handwashing with soap was practiced infrequently and was not associated with paediatric influenza in this community. Interventions aimed at crowded households may reduce influenza incidence in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report the ability of bone morphogenetic protein to achieve bone healing in patients with congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia. Patients and methods: Three patients with a diagnosis of congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia were followed-up for six months. Bone healing and functional capacity of the limb were observed. Results: Bone healing occurred in all cases at a mean of three and half months of treatment. Conclusions: Morphogenetic protein is useful as an adjuvant to achieve bone regeneration and healing in patients with congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a general introduction to Bernard Stiegler's thinking about the relation between technique and human. Stiegler deconstructs the philosophical tradition that used to separate teckhnê and episteme with a historical and materialist approach in order to prove how it is impossible to think humanity without technique. Therefore, the relation is not one of opposition, like the traditional metaphysics of spirit defends, but one of composition, as thinkers like Gilbert Simondon, Jacques Derrida, Andre Leroi-Gourhan and Gilles Deleuze defend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Darwinian theory indicates that human beings are products of evolution and natural selection, processes that have taken millions of years. During that time animals and humanoids changed in many ways and one of the most remarkable is the transition of a quadrupedal to a bipedal gait. Such a change required numerous adaptations, many of which are in the skeleton and lower limbs, that reduced the diameter of the pelvis in such a way that if the fetus had to wait to be completely developed to be born his large head would not pass through the pelvic channel. This problem is known as the 'obstetrics dilemma' and its solution was to allow the birth of an immature fetus, which implies a long process of extra uterus development. Even so, to be born the fetus has many difficulties to negociate the pelvic channel. At birth the fetus brain is incompletely developed and has to finish developing out of the uterus, a process that takes about 20 years. This delay might explain no only some unpredictable adolescent behaviors, but also the onset of some diseases whose consequences are seen until the adult years, when brain development has finished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deer and sheep spines are often used as models of the human spine. A prerequisite for the use of animal models is information regarding the interspecies differences in the parameters of general interest. This would clarify the limitations of each animal model and substantiate the applicability of the obtained results to humans. Since sufficient data appear to be currently unavailable, we sought to investigate the feasibility of using deer and sheep as animal models for studies on the human spine. The objective of this study was a thorough comparison of the anatomical parameters of deer and sheep spines with those of the human spine. We employed three- dimensional reconstructions of computed tomography images, generated using figure analysis software, which facilitated quantitative analysis of the linear and curvature parameters and the geometric index of the vertebral bodies. Our findings represent a comprehensive database of the anatomical characteristics of the deer and sheep lumbar spines and their comparisons with those of the human lumbar spine. This study provides insight into the similarities and differences in the vertebral geometries between the human spine and the deer and sheep spines. We found that the differences are minimal and that they do not greatly compromise the utility of deer and sheep lumbar spines as models of the human lumbar spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors make an attempt to extract the image of humans that emerges from the anthropological experience. They conclude that this image of humanity is multiple and variant, so that the expectation of finding a unified vision is utopian. In fact, we can predict that it will change again due to the necessity of history. The assumptions of evolutionism presume an accelerated change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the variations in the angle basal sphenoid skulls of adult humans and their relationship to sex, age, ethnicity and cranial index. Methods: The angles were measured in 160 skulls belonging to the Museum of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo Department of Morphology. We use two flexible rules and a goniometer, having as reference points for the first rule the posterior end of the ethmoidal crest and dorsum of the sella turcica, and for the second rule the anterior margin of the foramen magnum and clivus, measuring the angle at the intersection of two. Results: The average angle was 115.41°, with no statistical correlation between the value of the angle and sex or age. A statistical correlation was noted between the value of the angle and ethnicity, and between the angle and the horizontal cranial index. Conclusions: The distribution of the angle basal sphenoid was the same in sex, and there was correlation between the angle and ethnicity, being the proportion of non-white individuals with an angle >125° significantly higher than that of whites with an angle >125°. There was correlation between the angle and the cranial index, because skulls with higher cranial index tend to have higher basiesfenoidal angle too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Antibiotics are largely employed in zootechnical feed to preserve human and animal species from zoonosis due pathogenic infective agents. Aim: Due to the increasing number of pathologies related to diet (e.g. food intolerances), we investigated the toxic effects induced by antibiotics residues, oxytetracyclines, present within the industrial food on both human and domestic animals' health. Zootechnical products obtained from animal bones industrial transformation, and their related toxic effects have been pointed out. Methods: Comparative analysis of published papers has been conducted from 1910 up to 2014. Results: The comparative analysis revealed the presence of oxytetracycline residues and other antibiotics in food intended for human and animal consumption, which resulted in multisystemic toxic effects. Discussion: Either metabolism and possible measures to prevent exposure to oxytetracycline have also been examined, however a more detailed understanding of biochemical effects of such class of antibiotics is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The estimation of the caloric requirements of the burn patient is based on the measurement of his resting energy expenditure (REE) via indirect calorimetry, which is not available in all Burn Units, or its estimation by means of predictive equations. Goals: we analyze the history and state of art of the use of REE predictive equations in burn patients, and determine their validity. Methods: bibliographic review of the studies and reviews written in English and Spanish between 1989 and 2013. Results: More than 190 equations have been designed to estimate energy expenditure. These equations can be imprecise because they are based on measurements with a heterogeneous methodology and in heterogeneous groups. We describe the different parameters that are used in the different equations (stress and activity factors, total burn surface area, post-burn day, lean body mass), the influence of age in the calculation of the caloric requirements, and the most commonly used equations nowadays. We also describe the articles that evaluate the accuracy of the predictive equations when compared to REE indirect calorimetry measurements. Conclusions: Predictive equations are not precise in general in the burn patient. Until more accurate predictive equations are developed, we recommend calculation of the nutritional requirements in burn patients based on the energy expenditure measurement via indirect calorimetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anatomy of mammal's lung air space constitutes the bronchial tree which disposition is associated to air flux dynamics. Casts obtained from human, pig and rat lungs were studied to analyze possible differences of the bronchial tree architecture in mammals with diverse dimensions and posture. Air spaces were filled with polymers through trachea followed by acid corrosion. Tracheal and main bronchial division's diameters were measured to relate with body mass using allometry. The results revealed a dichotomic bronchial branching pattern in the human casts and a monopodial pattern in animals. In allometric relationship trachea was larger in rats, then pigs and lastly in humans, differences were statistically significant, the same occurs in right bronchus, as in the left bronchus there was no difference between rat and pig. The linear relationship between the human tracheal diameters was 1.2 times larger than the pig and 6.7 times larger than the rat; the pig tracheal diameter was 5.6 times larger than the rat. Quadruped position of the pig and rat is linked to a horizontal air way while the erect position, biped in human, correspond to a vertical air way. A big mammal shows less respiratory frequency than small mammals. Mammals with small, medium and high body mass allied to diverse posture and habits was compared revealing morphological differences in the bronchial trees as different allometric correlations between quadruped animals and human biped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims at understanding the structure of human capital and learning in low value added microenterprises of Baja California and to determine the role of such factors in microenterprise performance, in order to establish a diagnosis on their contribution and get some public policy implications for the sector. The results confirm the importance of human capital on the performance of these businesses, since there is a relationship between human capital and performance as measured in different ways. The results also account for the heterogeneity in the distribution of microenterprise human capital among locations, sectors, types of business and sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Papillomavirus infected to 50-75% of men and women, during their lifetime and causes genital warts, and neoplastic illness like cervical cancer. On men this viruses are associated to penile cancer and spermatozoa infection. The role of men for virus transmission to female, has been clearly established. Our goal was to determine the frequency and location of Papillomavirus on male genital skin, whose female partner was infected. Patients and method: We search human papillomavirus on 34 male partners of females with cervical papilloma infection by: Acetic Acid test, liquid-based cytology of urethra for hybrid capture, histology and immunohistochemistry for viral DNA of penile and scrotal skin biopsy. Results: 34 patients of 37.3 years old mean age. By immunohistochemistry of penile and scrotal skin, we found papilloma virus in 100% of the samples, with the highest frequency (83%) in scrotal skin. Acetic acid test was positive in 85%. In 5/34 patients (15%) high risk papillomavirus was isolated and match with the findings of theirs female partners. Conclusion: On 34/ 34 male partners of females with cervical papilloma infection, immunohistochemistry of penile and scrotal skin for papillomavirus DNA was positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text analyzes the contrast between two contemporary trends in human self-understanding based on the appreciation of technique and nature. The aim is to show that these alternatives must be seen as illusions of our reason motivated by the regime of fascination that makes our way of life today. This scheme builds as desirable and valuable what sustains it, nature and technology. The illusion is in the double assumption, first, of the separability between technology and nature in the constitution of human life, and second, of the eliminability of the precariousness human existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resources and Capacities Based Theory currently stands out in the effort to achieve a greater understanding of the essence of the competitive advantage and determinant facts of such competitiveness. This paper presents an overview of the characteristics and management of a set of intangible assets that are considered relevant to the development of hotels under the perspective of the Theory of Resources and Capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Uncritical Posthumanism" celebrates the continuation of the human by non-human means (for example, a new techno-bio body) as well as the creation of a reality by "unreal" means. Posthumanists attempt to make the body more self-contained and energy-efficient, developing the interaction of body-technology and consciousness-digitality, biotechnology or bioinformatics. The mutual interference of body, consciousness and reality creates a new space of "Virtual Reality." Critical Posthumanism attempts to disentangle the common characteristics of human reality and posthuman Virtual Reality and establishes communicative links between both by sticking to the conviction that simulation should never win over reality. Critical Posthumanism attempts to locate the human in the posthuman. This article analyzes the common points of Virtual Reality, biotechnology, and globalization by reflecting on the notion of the narrative. The existence of Virtual Reality, the gene-code, and globalization is due to the desire to elude any narrative and to express reality "directly." Gene technology tries to grasp not a certain -- temporally definable -- stage of the entire process of generation, but the gene itself, as the essential quantity of generation that has no real place in generation itself. Globalization "globalizes" the globe and represents it as something that is neither the "real world" nor its narration but rather a new sphere that we have to accept as such. Critical Posthumanism defines the subtle differences between a Virtual Reality in the sense of a technological narrative and an existential Virtual Irreality that interprets the virtual in a more "human" fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deer and sheep are used as spinal animal models in clinical and basic research. In this paper, the anatomical morphology, curvature, and morphology index parameters were investigated to assess the feasibility of using deer and sheep as animal models of the human spine. Fresh adult male sheep, deer, and human spine specimens (n = 10 each) were screened and subjected to morphological analyses. The statistical software package SPSS (version 17.0) was used to analyze the statistical similarity and variability among the 3 species.1 Deer displayed good similarity to human in terms of the vertebral transverse diameter, radius vector, spinal canal transverse diameter, radius vector, and vertebral upper and lower endplate curvature radii. Sheep displayed good similarity to human in terms of the vertebral body height, pedicle height, vertebral mid-lever curvature radius, and vertebral positive curvature radius. Human, deer, and sheep each displayed unique morphological characteristics and trends for the lumbar spine. These findings indicate that deer and sheep are good spinal animal models of human in morphometry, but with specific advantages in different research fields: deer are more suitable when studying vertebrae and endplate structures, while sheep are more suitable when referring to structures such as the vertebral walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence of self-sustained muscle activation following a brief electrical stimulation has been reported in the literature for certain muscles. Objectives: This report shows that the foot muscle (Flexor Digitorum Brevis--FDB) shows a self-sustained increase in muscle activity during upright stance in some subjects following a train of stimuli to the tibial nerve. Methods: Healthy subjects were requested to stand upright and surface EMG electrodes were placed on the FDB, Soleus and Tibialis Anterior muscles. After background muscle activity (BGA) acquisition, a 50 Hz train of stimuli was applied to the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa. The root mean square values (RMS) of the BGA and the post-stimulus muscle activation were computed. Results: There was a 13.8% average increase in the FDB muscle EMG amplitude with respect to BGA after the stimulation was turned off. The corresponding post-stimulus Soleus EMG activity decreased by an average of 9.2%. We hypothesize that the sustained contraction observed in the FDB following stimulus may be evidence of persistent inward currents (PIC) generated in FDB spinal motoneurons. The post-stimulus decrease in soleus activity may have occurred due to the action of inhibitory interneurons caused by the PICs, which were triggered by the stimulus train. Conclusions: These sustained post-stimulation changes in postural muscle activity, found in different levels in different subjects, may be part of a set of possible responses that contribute to overall postural control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work intends to study the ways in which the conceptual image of the dog is represented in Mario Vargas Llosa's novel La ciudad y los perros, particularly the signiicant connections and relationships between animals and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variations in morphometric parameter of mamnmlian brains may be influenced by process of functional complexity, evolution and adaptation. Comparative analysis of linear measurements of cerebrum in the human and baboon has shown morphometric differences. In the present study linear measurements from human and baboon cerebrum (n= 10 each) were used to predict various values for human and baboon brain and body parameters through muhiple regression models. The average brain weights were found to be 2.08% and 0.84% of the body weights for humans and baboons respectively. The elasticity of regression models revealed that unit percentage increase in Occipital-Frontal (OF) distance would increase the human brain weight by 66.19%, while the baboon brain weight would increase by 7.63%. The unit percentage increase in the Height of Temporal Lobe (HTL) would increase the human brain weight by 16.28%, while the baboon brain weight would increase by only 0.28%. Unit percentage increase in Frontal-Temporal (FT) distance would decrease the human and baboon brain weights by 14.04% and 0.46% respectively. Inter-species values were also predicted through simulation techniques by using the ratios of model parameters with application of programming language Python. The OF, FT and HTL values for human were found to be 2.01 times, 1.55 times and 1.91 times respectively to that of baboon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphometric parameters of olfactory brain components show species-dependent variations. However, the association of these parameters with olfactory function vis-à-vis ecological and evolutionary behaviors is poorly understood. In this study, a rnorphometric analysis of the olfactory bulb, tract and stria was carried out in three ecologically diverse animals comprising humans (primate), dogs (carnivore) and goats (herbivore) to elucidate differences in morphometry in relation to olfactory function. Using formalin-fixed brains, volumes and linear measurements of the olfactory structures were determined and correlated with those of cerebrum and the whole brain. The volume of the offactory bulb was greatest in dogs, followed by goats and humans and constituted 0.31%, 0.18% and 0.01%, respectively, of the brain volume. Similarly, the ratio of volume of the bulb, tract and stria to that of brain was 1.95% in the dog, 0.77% in the goat and 0.03% in the human. The width of the bulb was greatest (p< 0.05) in dogs (10.80±1.64mm) compared to goats (8.25±0.96mm) and humans (5.50±0.71mm), and accounted for a hemisphere breadth of 42.91%, 29.73% and 8.94% respectively. Interestingly though, the total length of the olfactory bulb, tract and striae increased in the order of goat (34.5±1.30mm), human (36.25±1.70mm) and dog (48.20±1.92mm), and constituted 21.47%, 51.87% and 72.30%, respectively, of the hemisphere length. These results suggest that the morphometric adaptations of the olfactory components to olfactory function decline from the dog, to goat, to human, and this may be indicative of the varied olfactory functional needs in regard to the ecological diversity of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]