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Background: The combination of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing chemotherapy has shown promise in cancer immunotherapy. However, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients undergoing this treatment often face obstacles such as systemic toxicity and low response rates, primarily attributed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods and results: In this study, PD-L1-targeted theranostic systems were developed utilizing anti-PD-L1 peptide (APP) conjugated with a bio-orthogonal click chemistry group. Initially, TNBC was treated with azide-modified sugar to introduce azide groups onto tumor cell surfaces through metabolic glycoengineering. A PD-L1-targeted probe was developed to evaluate the PD-L1 status of TNBC using magnetic resonance/near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Subsequently, an acidic pH-responsive prodrug was employed to enhance tumor accumulation via bio-orthogonal click chemistry, which enhances PD-L1-targeted ICB, the pH-responsive DOX release and induction of pyroptosis-mediated ICD of TNBC. Combined PD-L1-targeted chemo-immunotherapy effectively reversed the immune-tolerant TME and elicited robust tumor-specific immune responses, resulting in significant inhibition of tumor progression. Conclusions: Our study has successfully engineered a bio-orthogonal multifunctional theranostic system, which employs bio-orthogonal click chemistry in conjunction with a PD-L1 targeting strategy. This innovative approach has been demonstrated to exhibit significant promise for both the targeted imaging and therapeutic intervention of TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel biochar was prepared by low temperature phosphoric acid activation pyrolysis. • Biochar has large specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. • The obtained biochar has excellent performance in the removal of paclobutrazol from water. • Biochar is rich in N and P nutrients and can promote the growth of mung bean seedlings. • The addition of biochar can reduce the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of paclobutrazol in soil. Using biochar to absorb organic pollutants in water and soil is a simple and efficient method. However, most biochar is typically prepared at high temperatures (>500 ℃), resulting in low yield and high production costs and hence limiting its practical applications. This study aimed to prepare biochar (P-BC) through low-temperature (280 ℃) phosphoric acid assisted pyrolysis of cotton stalks. P-BC possessed a large specific surface area (389.96 m2·g−1) and contained abundant oxygen functional groups as well as phosphorous and nitrogen nutrient elements. This study applied P-BC to remove paclobutrazol (PBZ) from water and remediate PBZ-polluted soil. The water adsorption capacity of P-BC was 192.89 mg·g−1. The adsorption mechanisms of P-BC included pore filling, hydrogen bonding, weak electrostatic effects, and π-π interactions. Adding 1 % P-BC to soil contaminated with 10 mg·kg−1 PBZ could alleviate PBZ induced phytotoxicity in mung bean seedlings, ensuring the normal growth of roots and plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]