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A growing body of evidence has revealed an association between personality traits and obesity, but the findings regarding this association among children remain mixed. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize the literature regarding the associations between personality traits and childhood obesity. The study has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022306529). We searched a total of 8 databases up to July 1, 2023, to identify both published studies and grey literature written in English. Personality traits were classified into five dimensions based on the widely used Five-Factor Model. We conducted random effects meta-analyses to quantitatively synthesize the data. Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. A total of 7 studies were included. The pooled correlation coefficient of 2 studies was −0.09 (95 % CI: −0.17 to 0.00; I2 = 0 %) and the pooled standardized mean difference of 3 studies was −0.08 (95 % CI: −0.13 to −0.03; I2 = 66 %), indicating that conscientiousness was negatively associated with childhood obesity. No consistent patterns were found in the associations between the other 4 dimensions of personality traits and BMI/obesity in children. Our findings should be interpreted with caution due to the exclusion of non-English studies, the limited generalizability to Eastern population, and the scarcity body of evidence for present topic. Low conscientiousness has been found to be consistently associated with childhood obesity. Causal associations of personality traits with the risk of childhood obesity remain to be clarified in future studies. • High conscientiousness tended to be negatively associated with BMI increase and obesity risk in children • Associations between the other four dimensions of personality traits and childhood obesity remained inconsistent • We suggest future studies to measure children's personality traits at the accurate facet level [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lifestyle interventions have been widely used to manage obesity, but their effects vary across individuals. Personality traits have increasingly drawn researchers' interest in exploring their role in obesity interventions, but study findings remain mixed. We aimed to systematically review and assess the associations between personality traits and the response to lifestyle-based obesity interventions for adult obesity. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov registry, and MedRxiv until February 8, 2023, and studies were screened as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We grouped personality traits into 5 superordinate traits according to the widely used Five-Factor model (FFM) and synthesized the results within each superordinate trait quantitatively (using meta-analyses) or narratively. We also used bubble plots to visualize patterns and trends within the results. We identified 3289 records and ultimately included 9 eligible studies in this review. We found that high conscientiousness tended to be positively associated with the response to lifestyle interventions for adult obesity and that low novelty seeking might be the main subordinate trait belonging to conscientiousness that was related to the intervention effect. Most of the included studies were rated as having a risk of bias due to inadequacy in comparisons of baseline characteristics or a short follow-up. Overall, studies included in this review are scarce, and more high-quality research of the present topic is urgently needed to inform individualized interventions for adult obesity stratified by personality traits. • High conscientiousness tended to be positively associated with the response to lifestyle interventions for adult obesity. • Low novelty seeking might be the main facet of Conscientiousness that was related to the intervention effect. • Studies in this field were still scarce in both quantity and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to enhance the bioactivity and antibacterial characteristics of titanium alloys, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) was employed to create Zn and Sr doped films on Ti6Al4V substrates fabricated by Selective laser melting (SLM). Using an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope, the composition and microstructure of the phases were analyzed, and the bioactivity and antibacterial properties were assessed through experiments involving contact angle measurement, cell viability tests, and plate colony counting. Results indicate elevated process voltages with Sr2+ addition, resulting in increased film thickness and surface roughness slightly. PEO films predominantly exhibit rutile and anatase phases. The films display a characteristic discharge microporous structure with an inner barrier layer and an outer porous layer. Elements doped by PEO are uniformly distributed on the film surface. Ca/P ratio of the films can be altered by modifying the concentration ratio of Sr/(Sr + Zn) in the electrolytes. Optimal corrosion resistance is observed at a concentration ratio of 1/4. Compared to SLM-formed titanium alloy substrates, the hydrophilicity of PEO films improves greatly, and co-doping with Sr and Zn significantly enhances cell viability for preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the PEO film exhibits notable antibacterial properties. • Films with Sr and Zn content formed on Ti6Al4V by plasma electrolytic oxidation. • Enhanced hydrophilicity of the films doped with Sr/Zn compared to the substrate. • The Sr and Zn co-doped film improved cell viability greatly. • The Sr and Zn co-doped film exhibited significant antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pheromone receptors (PRs) are key proteins in the molecular mechanism of pheromone recognition, and exploring the functional differentiation of PRs between closely related species helps to understand the evolution of moth mating systems. Pheromone components of the agricultural pest Mythimna loreyi have turned into (Z)‐9‐tetradecen‐1‐yl acetate (Z9‐14:OAc), (Z)‐7‐dodecen‐1‐yl acetate (Z7‐12:OAc), and (Z)‐11‐hexadecen‐1‐yl acetate, while the composition differs from that of M. separata in the genus Mythimna. To understand the molecular mechanism of pheromone recognition, we sequenced and analyzed antennal transcriptomes to identify 62 odorant receptor (OR) genes. The expression levels of all putative ORs were analyzed using differentially expressed gene analysis. Six candidate PRs were quantified and functionally characterized in the Xenopus oocytes system. MlorPR6 and MlorPR3 were determined to be the receptors of major and minor components Z9‐14:OAc and Z7‐12:OAc. MlorPR1 and female antennae (FA)‐biased MlorPR5 both possessed the ability to detect pheromones of sympatric species, including (Z,E)‐9,12‐tetradecadien‐1‐ol, (Z)‐9‐tetradecen‐1‐ol, and (Z)‐9‐tetradecenal. Based on the comparison of PR functions between M. loreyi and M. separata, we analyzed the differentiation of pheromone recognition mechanisms during the evolution of the mating systems of 2 Mythimna species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the bioactivity and antibacterial activity of titanium alloys, coatings with different content of Zn element were successfully formed on Ti6Al4V substrates by micro-arc oxidation (MAO). The microstructure and composition of the coatings were characterized, and the bioactive and antibacterial activities were evaluated by the contact angle, cell viability and plate colony counting experiments, respectively. The results show that when Zn2+ concentration of the electrolytes rises, the breakdown voltage and the process voltage decrease, while the duration of the micro-arc oxidation stage increases. The products of MAO in the coatings are mainly rutile and anatase phases. As Zn2+ concentration in the electrolyte increases, the content of crystalline phases reduces, the thickness and the surface roughness of coatings increase, and the porosity shows an increase overall. MAO coatings bond tightly to the substrates, forming a thin, dense barrier layer and a thick, porous outer accumulation layer. The increase of Zn content results in an increase of Ca and P content in the coatings and a rise in Ca/P ratio. The concentrations of Ti, O, Ca and Zn elements on the cross-section show a transition distribution. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of all coatings is improved. Zn-doped coatings improve the cell viability of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and higher cell viability is observed on the coatings with higher Zn concentration. Although the MAO coatings with low Zn content increase bacterial adhesion compared to the substrate, the coatings with high Zn content show adequate antibacterial activity. • Coatings with different Zn content were successfully formed on Ti6Al4V by micro-arc oxidation. • The increase of Zn content results in an increase of Ca and P content as well as Ca/P ratio in the coatings. • Zinc-doped coatings improved cell viability. • The coatings with high Zn content showed adequate antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the bioactivity of titanium alloy, hydroxyapatite coatings with different amounts of Sr doping were prepared on the Ti6Al4V surface by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) using electrolytes containing Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 , NaH 2 PO 4 , and different concentrations of Sr(CH 3 COO) 2 , and EDTA-2Na was used as a complexing agent to complex Ca and Sr ions. The coatings' thickness, phase composition, microstructure morphology, and elemental distribution were examined, and the hydrophilicity and bioactivity were evaluated by contact angle and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts proliferation experiments. The results show that the concentration of Sr(CH 3 COO) 2 in the electrolyte has little effect on the anodic oxide film breakdown voltage. However, the higher the concentration, the smaller the stable value of the MAO voltage is. The thickness of the MAO coating decreases with the increase of Sr concentration in the electrolyte, and the coatings mainly consist of strontium-containing hydroxyapatite, rutile, and anatase phases. The rise in Sr content leads to a decrease in Ca content, and both Ca and Sr content on the surfaces of the coatings are higher than that on the interior. (Ca + Sr)/P in all coatings is close to 1.67, which is similar to human bone. Moreover, all coating surfaces have good hydrophilicity, the Sr-doped MAO coatings promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts, and the cell proliferation is higher on the coatings with higher Sr content. • Bioactive coatings formed on Ti alloys by micro-arc oxidation were studied. • (Ca + Sr)/P in all coatings is close to 1.67, which is similar to human bone. • Hydrophilicity and surface roughness of Ti alloy surfaces are improved after micro-arc oxidation. • Micro-arc oxidation is a beneficial method for improving the bioactivity of implant surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even distribution of core–shell heterojunction on porous catalyst supports is promising to get the super‐catalysts, yet laborious preparation hinders the wide application. A novel strategy of urea enzymolysis‐induced ions replacement is proposed for one‐pot loading of Bi12O17Cl2@Bi48Al2O75 core–shell heterojunction onto porous Al2O3 nanorod (named as Al2O3‐Bi12O17Cl2@Bi48Al2O75). The clever combination of urea enzymolysis and precipitation reactions that consume the ions generated in urea enzymolysis can switch the “on‐off” of urease, and thus allow the precise controlling of the concentration and existence time of the ions, as well as ions replacement. It is the urea enzymolysis‐induced ions replacing strategy that can generate the unique structure of Al2O3‐Bi12O17Cl2@Bi48Al2O75, and it is the distinctive structure that can get the selectivity of 96% benzaldehyde with 90% benzyl alcohol (BA) conversion in the photocatalytic oxidation of BA. The ions replacement, the growth of Al2O3‐Bi12O17Cl2@Bi48Al2O75, and the photocatalytic mechanism are investigated in detail. This work highlights a novel and convenient strategy for one‐pot loading core–shell heterojunction onto porous nanorod support, unveils a fresh biosynthesis of nanomaterials with elaborate structure, and thus paves the way for wide application of elaborate nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Gambogenic acid reduces hypertrophic scar formation on skin wounds in rabbit ears. • Gambogenic acid inhibits local inflammatory response during wound healing. • Gambogenic acid inhibits neoangiogenesis in scar tissues in a rabbit ear model. • Gambogenic acid decreases growth factor expression in rabbit ear scar tissues. Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a dermal fibroproliferative disease that often occurs following abnormal wound healing. To date, there is no satisfied treatment strategies for improvement of scar formation with few side effects. The effects of gambogenic acid (GNA) on scar hypertrophy has not been studied previously. The present study was undertaken to find out the scar-reducing effects of GNA (0.48, 0.96 or 1.92 mg/ml) on skin wounds in rabbit ears. Scar evaluation index (SEI), collagen I (Col1) and collagen III (Col3), microvascular density (MVD), CD4+T cells and macrophages, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), phospho-VEGFR 2 (p-VEGFR2) and p-FGFR1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in scar tissue were detected using various methods, respectively. Our data showed that GNA significantly reduced SEI, and the expression of Col1 and Col3 in scar tissue in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, it decreased MVD, the infiltration of CD4+T cells and macrophages, and the levels of VEGFR2, p-VEGFR2, FGFR1, p-FGFR1, TGF-β1, CTGF, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, in addition to upregulated IL-10 in scar tissue. As a result, this study revealed that GNA reduced HS formation, which was associated with the inhibition of neoangiogenesis, local inflammatory response and growth factor expression in scar tissue during wound healing. These findings suggested that GNA may be considered as a preventive and therapeutic candidate for HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) models were obtained with Sprague-Dawley rats. • Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were obtained from the knee joints of AA rats and cultured in vitro. • Sorafenib induced apoptosis in AA FLSs detected by TUNEL method and flow cytometry analysis. • Sorafenib increased the expression levels of Fas , Caspase-3 and Mcl-1 in AA FLSs and decreased NF-κB and C-jun expression. • Sorafenib exerts an inhibitory effect on AA rats in vivo via AA FLS apoptotic induction. • Sorafenib has potential therapeutic use for RA. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by synovial inflammation and hyperplasia resulting from an imbalance between the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Our previous study found that sorafenib had inhibitory effects in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). The present study investigated the role of sorafenib in the induction of AA FLS apoptosis in vitro. FLSs obtained from AA rats were cultured in vitro and identified. Cell apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) labeling methods. Real-time PCR and Western blotting assays were used to quantify the expression levels of Fas , Caspase-3 , Mcl-1 , NF-κB and C-jun gene products in AA FLSs. Our data revealed that sorafenib (4 μmol/L) induced apoptosis in AA FLSs, and flow cytometry analysis showed that AA FLSs treated with sorafenib (4 μmol/L) in vitro accumulated in early and late apoptosis. There were significant increases in the expression levels of Fas , Caspase-3 and Mcl-1 , and significant decreases in NF-κB and C-jun expression in AA FLSs treated with sorafenib. In summary, these results demonstrate that sorafenib promotes AA FLS apoptosis, which may be related to the upregulation of Fas and Caspase-3 and downregulation of NF-κB and C-jun. All of these findings suggest that sorafenib exerts an inhibitory effect on AA rats in vivo via AA FLS apoptotic induction, which has potential therapeutic implications for RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex pheromones serve a critical role in Lepidopterans finding mates. Male moths perceive and react to sex pheromones emitted by conspecific females through a delicate pheromone communication system. Pheromone receptors (PRs) are the key sensory elements at the beginning of that process. The codling moth (Cydia pomnonella) is an important pome fruit pest globally and a serious invasive species in China. Pheromone‐based techniques have been used successfully in monitoring and controlling this species. We conducted ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis of the codling moth antennal transcriptome and identified 66 odorant receptors (ORs) in a population from Xinjiang province, China, of which 14 were PRs, including two novel PRs (CpomOR2e and CpomOR73). Four PRs that contain full‐length open reading frames (CpomOR1, OR2a, OR5, OR7) and four PRs with ligands that have not been reported previously (CpomOR1, OR2a, OR5, OR7) were selected to deorphanize in the heterologous Xenopus oocyte expression system. Specifically, we found that CpomOR2a and CpomOR5 responded to (E,E)‐8, 10‐dodecadien‐1‐yl acetate (codlemone acetate). Furthermore, CpomOR5 (EC50 = 1.379 × 10−8 mol/L) was much more sensitive to codlemone acetate than CpomOR2a (EC50 = 1.663 × 10−6 mol/L). Since codlemone acetate is an important component of C. pomonella sex pheromone, our results improve the current understanding of pheromone communication in codling moths and will be helpful for the development of pest management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a dermal fibroproliferative disorder characterized by the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and is thought to result from a cellular imbalance caused by the increased growth and reduced apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs). Our recent study demonstrated that recombinant human endostatin (rhEndostatin) plays a key role in the inhibition of HSF proliferation in vitro , with a resulting decrease in dermal thickness and scar hypertrophy. However, the effect of this protein on HSF apoptosis is unknown. The present study was undertaken to directly examine the effect of rhEndostatin on HSF apoptosis in the rabbit ear model. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to investigate HSF apoptosis in scar tissues and cultured HSFs in vitro , respectively. The expression levels of the c-jun , c-fos , NF-κB , fas , caspase-3 , and bcl-2 gene products in HSFs were quantified using real-time PCR and Western blotting assays. Our data reveal that rhEndostatin (2.5 or 5 mg/ml) induces HSF apoptotic cell death in scar tissue. Additionally, HSFs treated with rhEndostatin (100 mg/L) in vitro accumulated in early and late apoptosis and displayed significantly decreased expression of c-jun, c-fos, NF-κB, fas, caspase-3 and bcl-2. In sum, these results demonstrate that rhEndostatin induces HSF apoptosis, and this phenotypeis partially due to downregulation of NF-κB and bcl-2. These findings suggest that rhEndostatin may have an inhibitory effect on scar hypertrophy in vivo via HSF apoptotic induction and therefore has potential therapeutic use for the treatment of HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]