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Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that has been implicated in multiple diseases. TNF-induced necroptosis is regulated by necrosomes, complexes consisting of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL. In this study, by screening of a small-compound library, we identified dozens of compounds that inhibited TNF-induced necroptosis. According to the mechanisms by which they inhibited necroptosis, these compounds were classified into different groups. We then identified Ibrutinib as an inhibitor of RIPK3 and found that Quizartinib protected against the TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome in mice by inhibiting the activation of RIPK1. Altogether, our work revealed dozens of necroptosis inhibitors, suggesting new potential approaches for treating necroptosis-related diseases. Screening a library of compounds identifies several inhibitors of TNF-induced necroptosis, including Ibrutinib as an inhibitor of RIPK3 and Quizartinib as an indirect RIPK1 kinase activity inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niobic acid (Nb2O5·nH2O) was immobilized on regenerated cellulose (Re-Cellulose) to afford a heterogeneous catalyst, termed Nb2O5·nH2O@Re-Cellulose, that was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, microscopy (SEM and TEM) and spectroscopic (Raman and FTIR) techniques. The surface acidity of the catalyst was determined using FTIR spectroscopy employing pyridine as a molecular probe. The Nb2O5·nH2O@Re-Cellulose catalyst was investigated in the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in aqueous media. The catalyst can be reused several times without undergoing a significant loss in activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a valuable reaction for biomass efficient utilization. The silica-supported phosphotungstic acid (PTA) heterogeneous catalyst (SiO 2 -ATS-PTA) was prepared and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, pyridine-FTIR and SEM. The SiO 2 -ATS-PTA was used to catalyze the conversion of glucose, and it afforded 78.31% yield of HMF at 160 °C for 140 min. The SiO 2 -ATS-PTA could be reused for five runs without significant loss of catalytic activity. Furfural was the main byproduct. A kinetic analysis was carried out and the values of the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor for the reaction were 30.25 kJ mol −1 and 1.08 × 10 7  min −1 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The degradation process of methyl orange solution by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma using a board-DBD reactor was studied. The percentage destruction reached 99% after 35min treatment. The pH value of the methyl orange solution decreased with the treatment time and it reached a constant value when discharged for 20min. The COD value of the methyl orange solution decreased by 57.9% for 30min treatment. The degradation path was suggested based on the analysis of the molecular structure of methyl orange, intermediate products and the molecular bond energies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The degradation of a methylene blue solution using the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technique is proposed in this paper. The effect of pH on the degradation rate is also investigated. The concentration of oxidants in the liquid phase is tested through iodimetry. The key factors that affect the degradation rate of the methylene blue solution are analyzed. The intermediate and final products are also investigated. The discharge process is studied by analyzing the radical species in both gas and liquid phases. The degradation mechanism of methylene blue is investigated according to the bond energy theory. The results show that the degradation rate in acidic solutions is higher than that in alkaline solutions. The lowest degradation rate is obtained from the neutral solution. The existence of OH− in the liquid phase can promote the generation of hydroxyl radicals during the degradation process. Radical species (e.g., O3 and he key factors during the degradation process of methylene blue. NO3 −, SO4 2−, and Cl− are discovered in the liquid phase through ionic chromatogram testing. The methylene blue molecules are oxidized into inorganic ions by DBD plasma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A cadmium(ii)-based MOF, Cd-MDIP, was successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction between the tetra-carboxylic ligand 5,5′-methylenebisophthalic acid (H4MDIP) and cadmium perchlorate. The X-ray crystal structure analysis showed that there are two uncoordinated carboxyl groups in each ligand and a 1D elliptical channel along the [001] direction. Because of the existence of uncoordinated carboxyl groups within open frameworks, Cd-MDIP exhibited a high sensitivity (Stern–Volmer constant KSV = 4.13 × 104 L mol−1) and a low detection limit (80 nM) for Fe3+ ions in pure water, which is much lower than the national standard for Fe3+ in daily drinking water (5.4 μM) set by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of P. R. China. Most importantly, Cd-MDIP also featured the ultrahigh adsorption of Fe3+ in aqueous solution that cannot be destroyed even by EDTA/base. Importantly, the MOF material (Cd-MDIP⊃Fe3+) after adsorbing Fe3+ could act as the first example of an excellent bi-metallic Lewis-acid catalyst for the cyanosilylation reaction of aromatic aldehydes in a size-selective fashion, and its efficiency was almost 10-times higher than that of the original Cd-MDIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bi-functional cobalt and nitrogen co-doped carbon catalyst was fabricated by calcinating the chelate compound containing citric acid, melamine and CoCl2·6H2O in N2, with the mixed salts of LiCl and KCl as the template. Co and N species are highly dispersed in the target catalyst, which has a high surface area of 1011 m2 g−1. Such structure enables it to efficiently catalyze the direct aerobic oxidative esterification of benzyl alcohol with methanol to the ester of methyl benzoate; meanwhile, it exhibits superior potential ability for the application of oxygen reduction reaction, which is a vital process happening on the cathode of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facilely recyclable catalytic system towards liquid-phase reductant-free aerobic oxidation of benzene to phenol is built by simultaneously using graphitic carbon nitride (C 3 N 4 ) and Ch 5 PMoV 2 . Especially, the hybrid Ch 5 PMoV 2 is regarded as a temperature-controlled phase-transfer catalyst that prepared by modifying Keggin-type V-containing polyoxometalate anions (PMoV 2 ) with choline (Ch) cations. The combined catalyst C 3 N 4 -Ch 5 PMoV 2 shows a high activity with 10.7% phenol yield, 8.94 h −1 turnover frequency (TOF) and superior reusability under the optimized reaction conditions. Full characterizations and analyses including electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation are used to demonstrate the phase-transfer character and tuned redox property of Ch 5 PMoV 2 . Furthermore, a synergistic catalytic mechanism is proposed and discussed based on the experimental and DFT calculation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pt-based nanocrystals with controlled morphologies and structures are one of most promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a facile one-pot wet-chemical method is developed to synthesize Pd@PtNi core-shell nanoflowers (CSNFs) supported on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNCTs). Brij 58 is demonstrated as a structure-directing agent to generate the nanoflower and ascorbic acid acts as a reductant to form a core-shell structure. By tuning the molar ratio of Pd and Pt, Pd@PtNi/MWCNTs CSNFs show obviously improved ORR activity and durability in alkaline electrolyte compared with PtNi/MWCNTs nanoflowers and commercial Pt/C. The results illustrate that the core-shell structure and porous feature of nanoflower are both beneficial to the enhancement of the catalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop novel long-acting GLP-1 derivatives, a peptide hybrid ( 1a ) from human GLP-1 and Xenopus GLP-1 discovered in our previous research was selected as the lead compound. Exendin-4 inspired modification resulted in peptide 1b with enhanced glucose-lowering activity. Cysteine mutated 1b derivatives with reserved bioactivity were further site-specifically connected with mPEG 2000 -MAL to provide conjugates 3a – h , among which 3d and 3e were found to have significantly improved hypoglycemic activity and insulinotropic ability than GLP-1. The hypoglycemic durations of 3d and 3e were remarkably prolonged to ∼20 h in type 2 diabetic db/db mice, compared with the 5.3 h of exendin-4 in the same test. Finally, chronic in vivo studies revealed that a once-daily treatment of 3d or 3e for five weeks resulted in recovered glucose-controlling ability of type 2 diabetic db/db mice, along with other benefits, such as reduced body weight gains, food intake amounts and HbA1c values. Collectively, our results suggest 3d and 3e as potential long-acting glucose-lowering agents for treating type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]