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Generally, training images are essential for a computer vision model to classify specific object class accurately. Unfortunately, there exist countless number of different object classes in real world, and it is almost impossible for a computer vision model to obtain a complete training images for each of the different object class. To overcome this problem, zero-shot learning algorithm was emerged to learn unknown object classes from a set of known object classes information. Among these methods, attributes and image hierarchy are the widely used methods. In this paper, we combine both the strength of attributes and image hierarchy by proposing Attributes Relationship Model (ARM) to perform zero-shot learning. We tested the efficiency of the proposed algorithm on Animals with Attributes (AwA) dataset and manage to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy (50.61%) compare to other recent methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of bias in existing object recognition datasets is now a well-known problem in the computer vision community. In this paper, we proposed an improved codebook representation in the Bag-of-Words (BoW) approach by generating Keybook. In specific, our Keybook is composed from the keywords that significantly represent the object classes. It is extracted utilizing the concept of mutual information. The intuition is to perform feature selection by maximize the mutual information of the features between the object classes; while minimize the mutual information of the features between the domains. With this, the Keybook will not bias to any of the domain and consists of valuable keywords among the object classes. The proposed method is tested on four public datasets to evaluate the classification performance in seen and unseen datasets. Experiment results have showed the effectiveness of our proposed methods in undo the dataset bias problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Denoising is a process that remove noise from a signal. In this paper, we present a unified framework to deal with video denoising problems by adopting a two-steps process, namely the video epitome and sparse coding. First, the video epitome will summarize the video contents and remove the redundancy information to generate a single compact representation to describe the video content. Second, employing the single compact representation as an input, the sparse coding will generate a visual dictionary for the video sequence by estimating the most representative basis elements. The fusion of these two methods have resulted an enhanced, compact representation for the denoising task. Experiments on the publicly available datasets have shown the effectiveness of our proposed system in comparison to the state-of-the-art algorithms in the video denoising task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses importance of information retrieval system to meet information needs of users and mentions challenges of predicting normalized discounted cumulative gain (nDCG) methods. Topics discussed include data collection and judgements of test collections and dataset creation, creation of research by computing performance measures and use of linear regression model from creation of voting ensemble.

The article explores correlation and prediction of high-cost information retrieval evaluation metrics using deep learning. It focuses on reducing cost of the evaluation of information retrieval systems and the study proposes a method that employs deep learning to predict the precision evaluation metric. It presents method and the justifications for the correlations between some pairs of retrieval metrics.

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of Nuchal Fold (NF) in predicting Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) using machine learning (ML), to explain the model's results using model-agnostic interpretable techniques, and to compare the results with clinical guidelines. This study used second-trimester ultrasound biometry and Doppler velocimetry were used to construct six FGR (birthweight < 3rd centile) ML models. Interpretability analysis was conducted using Accumulated Local Effects (ALE) and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP). The results were compared with clinical guidelines based on the most optimal model. Support Vector Machine (SVM) exhibited the most consistent performance in FGR prediction. SHAP showed that the top contributors to identify FGR were Abdominal Circumference (AC), NF, Uterine RI (Ut RI), and Uterine PI (Ut PI). ALE showed that the cutoff values of Ut RI, Ut PI, and AC in differentiating FGR from normal were comparable with clinical guidelines (Errors between model and clinical; Ut RI: 15%, Ut PI: 8%, and AC: 11%). The cutoff value for NF to differentiate between healthy and FGR is 5.4 mm, where low NF may indicate FGR. The SVM model is the most stable in FGR prediction. ALE can be a potential tool to identify a cutoff value for novel parameters to differentiate between healthy and FGR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • To review free-text clinical text classification approaches from six aspects. • In selected studies, mostly content-based and concept-based features were used. • The datasets used in selected studies were categorized into four distinct types. • Selected studies used either supervised machine learning or rule-based approaches. • Ten open research challenges are presented in clinical text classification domain. Abstract The pervasive use of electronic health databases has increased the accessibility of free-text clinical reports for supplementary use. Several text classification approaches, such as supervised machine learning (SML) or rule-based approaches, have been utilized to obtain beneficial information from free-text clinical reports. In recent years, many researchers have worked in the clinical text classification field and published their results in academic journals. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) has recapitulated the existing primary studies on clinical text classification in the last five years. Thus, the current study aims to present SLR of academic articles on clinical text classification published from January 2013 to January 2018. Accordingly, we intend to maximize the procedural decision analysis in six aspects, namely, types of clinical reports, data sets and their characteristics, pre-processing and sampling techniques, feature engineering, machine learning algorithms, and performance metrics. To achieve our objective, 72 primary studies from 8 bibliographic databases were systematically selected and rigorously reviewed from the perspective of the six aspects. This review identified nine types of clinical reports, four types of data sets (i.e., homogeneous–homogenous, homogenous–heterogeneous, heterogeneous–homogenous, and heterogeneous–heterogeneous), two sampling techniques (i.e., over-sampling and under-sampling), and nine pre-processing techniques. Moreover, this review determined bag of words, bag of phrases, and bag of concepts features when represented by either term frequency or term frequency with inverse document frequency, thereby showing improved classification results. SML-based or rule-based approaches were generally employed to classify the clinical reports. To measure the performance of these classification approaches, we used precision, recall, F-measure, accuracy, AUC, and specificity in binary class problems. In multi-class problems, we primarily used micro or macro-averaging precision, recall, or F-measure. Lastly, open research issues and challenges are presented for future scholars who are interested in clinical text classification. This SLR will definitely be a beneficial resource for researchers engaged in clinical text classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]