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In this paper, we reviewed the classification, genetic diversity and planting and application of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) germplasm resources in China at the present stage were, analyzed the bottleneck of snap bean research in China, and prospected the development trend of snap bean germplasm research in the future. In the opportunity of the completion of the whole genome sequencing of kidney bean and the construction of high-density genetic map, it is necessary to strengthen the application of ISSR, SNP and other molecular methods and high-throughput proteomics to the study on the specific breeding of snap bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a linear finite element method for the constrained optimal control problems (OCPs) governed by elliptic interface equations. The state and adjoint state are approximated by the conforming P1 elements, while the control is approximated with the orthogonal projection of the adjoint state. Optimal order error estimates are proved in both L² - norm and broken energy norm. Lastly, some numerical results are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable mixed finite element method (MFEM) for the second order elliptic problems, in which the scheme just satisfies the discrete B.B condition, is discussed in this paper. The uniqueness and existence of solutions for the corresponding discrete problems are obtained, and the optimal O(h²) order error estimates are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Scaled conjugate gradient (SCALCG) method presented by Andrei (2007) and the projection method presented by Solodov and Svaiter, we propose a SCALCG method for solving monotone nonlinear equations with convex constraints. SCALCG method can be regarded as a combination of conjugate gradient method and Newton-type method for solving unconstrained optimization problems. So, it has the advantages of the both methods. It is suitable for solving large-scale problems. So, it can be applied to solving large-scale monotone nonlinear equations with convex constraints. Under reasonable conditions, we prove its global convergence. We also do some numerical experiments show that the proposed method is efficient and promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the finite element (FE) approximation to a second-type variational inequality. The supe rclose and superconvergence results are obtained for conforming bilinear FE and nonconforming EQrot FE schemes under a reasonable regularity of the exact solution u ∊ H5/2(O), which seem to be never discovered in the previous literature. The optimal L²-norm error estimate is also derived for EQrot FE. At last, some numerical results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinach is one of The main vegetable species. The study of spinach germplasm resources is beneficial to discovering excellent genes and accelerating the breeding efficiency, thereby further promoting the development of the spinach industry. In this study, the origin, propagation, collet':tion, preservation, genetic diversity and breeding status of spinach were reviewed, and the problems and prospects of spinach germplasm resources were put forward. This paper provides reference for the research and breeding of spinach germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which exhibit the property of immune-modulation, have been shown to treat various diseases, including pulmonary hypertension. There is a functional similarity between the pulmonary circulation and the placenta, but it remains to be elucidated whether MSCs can be applied to treat endotoxin-induced hypertension during pregnancy; therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of a human umbilical cord-derived MSC infusion on endotoxin-induced hypertension during pregnancy. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=7 per group): Control, endotoxin-treated and endotoxin + MSCs. The model of preeclampsia (PE) was established via the intravenous injection of endotoxin. In the endotoxin + MSCs group, MSCs at 2x106 cells/rat were injected via the vena caudalis. The blood pressure, urine protein and number of white blood cells were measured. In addition, the protein expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were examined by ELISA. The blood pressure, levels of urine protein and number of white blood cells in the endotoxin-treated group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); however, this increase was significantly attenuated in the endotoxin + MSCs group (P<0.05). In addition, the application of MSCs significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in the endotoxin-treated rats. In conclusion, umbilical cord-derived MSCs have a protective effect in an endotoxin-induced model of PE, and this effect is likely elicited through the suppression of inflammatory factors. Umbilical cord-derived MSC-based therapy may provide a potential therapeutic method for endotoxin-induced hypertension during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]