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The effect of Al3+ ions in the AlF 3 compound on the reduction process of Yb3+ to Yb2+ ions in SiO 2 –AlF 3 –BaF 2 –TiO 2 –LaF 3 (SABTL) transparent silicate glass-ceramics was investigated. The valence states of the elements in the raw materials mixture existing in the transparent silicate glass-ceramics were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum analysis. The transparent silicate glass-ceramics SABTL containing Ba 2 LaF 7 nanocrystals and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (AgNPs) were identified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image. With the increase of Al3+ ions molar concentration, the self-reduction process of Yb3+ to Yb2+ ions was enhanced and thus significantly affected the optical bandgaps and upconversion (UC)-, near-infrared (NIR)- emissions of Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped in SABTL containing Ba 2 LaF 7 nanocrystals and AgNPs under excitation of 980 nm laser diode (LD). The optimal molar concentration ratio between SiO 2 and AlF 3 compound was determined such that the NIR bandwidth flatness of Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped in SABTL containing Ba 2 LaF 7 nanocrystals in the wavelength range of 1000–1200 nm was the flattest. In addition, the CIE 1931 (x, y) color coordinates for UC- and visible (VIS)- emissions of Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped SABTL-0.5Nd2Yb-xAg (x = 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5) glass-ceramics samples are also calculated and determined the color region for light-emitting diode (LED) application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The auxiliary power supply unit for railway vehicles delivers various power to the passenger car. Maintaining isolation between the catenary power line and the auxiliary power in the compartment is typically essential. To ensure electrical isolation, an efficient LLC resonant converter is utilized among isolated DC-DC converters. Generally, LLC resonant converter primarily employ PFM control method. However, there is a limitation in increasing the switching frequency at high input voltages, making it difficult to handle wide input voltage fluctuations from the overhead catenary power line. To overcome this limitation, the PFM control method is introduced alongside the existing PFM control method, resulting in the presence of two controllers. However, since these two controllers regulate the output voltage differently, there is a potential for output voltage overshoot due to significant input voltage fluctuations. This paper proposes a method that combines PFM and PWM controllers, along with feed-forward compensation, to address these issues. The effectiveness of this proposed method is validated through PSIM simulation and experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Fanconi anemia patients accompany a high risk of multiple cancers, radiation therapy on these patients has been carried out only in limited cases due to the concern for radiation toxicity that stems from their susceptibility to radiation. We report a case of a 28-year-old female patient diagnosed as synchronous esophageal and tongue cancer, and underwent two cycles of radiation therapy, inevitably in the condition of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. She received radiation therapy of 30 Gy to esophageal mass with neoadjuvant aim in her first-round radiation therapy, and later received 27 Gy to tongue cancer surgical bed with adjuvant aim in her second-round radiation therapy. With no further treatment, she has been maintaining no evidence of disease state for 7 months. Managing Fanconi anemia patients with multiple cancers using radiation therapy is feasible, in which cases a dose de-escalation may be important considering the radiation toxicity and possible future re-treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the molecular profiling of gastric cancer. This progress has led to the development of various molecular classifications to uncover subtype-specific dependencies that can be targeted for therapeutic interventions. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a crucial biomarker for advanced gastric cancer. The recent promising results of novel approaches, including combination therapies or newer potent agents such as antibody-drug conjugates, have once again brought attention to anti-HER2 targeted treatments. In HER2-negative diseases, the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy and programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors has become the established standard of care in first-line settings. In the context of gastric cancer, potential biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression, Epstein- Barr virus, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden are being considered for immunotherapy. Recently, promising results have been reported in studies on anti-Claudin18.2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 treatments. Currently, many ongoing trials are aimed at identifying potential targets using novel approaches. Further investigations will be conducted to enhance the progress of these therapies, addressing challenges such as primary and acquired resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and clonal evolution. We believe that these efforts will improve patient prognoses. Herein, we discuss the current evidence of potential targets for systemic treatment, clinical considerations, and future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the sclereids in the bark of oak species, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was employed to validate species classification performance and its influencing factors. Three optimizers including stochastic gradient descent (SGD), adaptive moment estimation (Adam), root mean square propagation (RMSProp), and dataset augmentation were adopted. The accuracy and loss stabilized at approximately 15 to 20 and 70 to 80 epochs for the augmented and non-augmented condition, respectively. In the last five epochs, the RMSProp-augmented condition achieved the highest accuracy of 89.8%, whereas the Adam-augmented condition achieved the lowest accuracy of 73.8%. Regarding the loss, SGD-non-augmented condition was the lowest at 0.498, whereas Adamaugmented condition was the highest at 2.740. The highest accuracy was influenced by RMSProp at 0.194. Dataset augmentation had a significant influence on accuracy at 0.456. Homogeneous subsets among the validation conditions indicated that the accuracy and loss were classified into the same subset using an augmented dataset during the training, regardless of the optimizer. Only Adam and RMSProp with nonaugmented datasets were categorized into the same subset during the test. Hence, species classification using CNN and sclereid characteristics in the bark was feasible, and RMSProp with augmented datasets showed optimal performance for species classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the improvement in the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties obtained by adjusting the amount of the Sr addition to the Al-Zn-Mg-Mn alloy. The addition of Sr formed an intermetallic compounds, and the volume fraction of the intermetallic compounds increased with increasing Sr content. As the amount of Sr added increased from 0 to 1.0 wt%, the electrical conductivity of the extruded alloy decreased to 48.9, 45.2 and 42.5% IACS. As the addition amount of Sr increased, the average grain size of the rolled alloy decreased to 55.5, 53.1 and 42.3 µm. And, the ultimate tensile strength increased to 195, 212 and 216 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) is a significant factor in the chain of survival; however, various potential barriers are observed. We aimed to identify the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on BCPR. This retrospective observational study used Daegu out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) registry data of patients aged over 18 years with cardiac etiology in Daegu, Korea from 18 February 2019 to 17 February 2021. We divided BCPR into self-led (SBCPR) and dispatcher-assisted BCPR (DACPR). To determine changes in the effect of BCPR on OHCA outcomes from the COVID-19 pandemic, we performed multivariable logistic regression analyses by BCPR type. Furthermore, we performed the Wald test to identify differences in logistic regression analysis results between the two periods. A total of 1680 OHCAs were included (before-pandemic, 804; during pandemic, 876). The BCPR rate was not different between the two periods (DACPR, 43.9% vs. 42.0%; SBCPR, 18.7% vs. 18.4; p = 0.643). SBCPR showed effectiveness for OHCA outcomes before the pandemic (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09– 6.18 for survival to hospital discharge; aOR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.03–6.46 for favorable neurological outcomes); however, it disappeared after the pandemic (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 0.88–4.00 for survival to hospital discharge; aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.69–4.05 for favorable neurological outcomes). However, no statistical difference was observed in the Wald test (survival to hospital discharge, p = 0.586; favorable neurologic outcomes, p = 0.504). A decreasing trend in the effect of SBCPR on OHCA outcomes was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, no statistically significant difference was observed compared with that before the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the cause of the bile leakage after hepaticojejunostomy is accidental non-anastomosis of one bile duct, it is unlikely that the leakage will resolve spontaneously, and reoperation may be necessary. However, if the patient has contraindications to surgery, other treatments should be considered. In this case report, we describe a new percutaneous tract creation between the isolated right bile duct and Roux-en-Y afferent jejunal loop in a patient who underwent hepaticojejunostomy, and the right bile duct was accidentally not anastomosed with the jejunal loop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study empirically analyzed how 'SNS-perceived playfulness, tendency of self-display, and information sharing' affect 'SNS addiction and exhaustion' based on four major base theories, i.e. uses and gratifications, motivation, self-control, and motivational balancing theories. Furthermore, this study comparatively analyzed the influences of nationality on SNS addiction and exhaustion (fatigue syndrome) in six countries. The sample comprised a total of 1,198 people from six countries. Three statistics programmes (SmartPLS, GSCA Pro, and JASP) were used to approve the research hypotheses. (1) The SNS tendency of self-display and SNS information sharing had a positive effect on SNS addiction. (2) SNS perceived playfulness had a negative effect on SNS exhaustion, and SNS tendency of self-display had a positive effect. (3) SNS addiction had a positive effect on SNS exhaustion. (4) In the comparative country analysis, SNS tendency of self-display was the most influential factor on SNS addiction and exhaustion. SNS are highly convenient and practical, provide users with sensational entertainment, and enable exhibitionism (e.g. self-display, information sharing), thus potentially leading to SNS addiction, which in turn results in SNS exhaustion. Therefore, it identifies the appropriate antecedents, identifies country-specific differences, and proposes practical guidelines for users to prevent SNS addiction and exhaustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate quality characteristics of reduced-salt, low-fat pork sausage (PS) using pre-rigor muscle and sea tangle extract (STE) to reduce salt level of sausages during refrigerated storage. Methods: Pork ham was prepared with pre-rigor and post-rigor muscle from the local market. Sausages using post-rigor muscle were manufactured with the 1.5% of salt content, and samples with pre-rigor muscle were processed by different salt concentrations (0.8%). Accordingly, PSs were prepared in 4 treatments (REF, PS with 1.5% of salt using post-rigor muscle; CTL, PS with 0.8% of salt using pre-rigor muscle; TRT1, PS with 0.8% of salt and 5% of STE using pre-rigor muscle; TRT2, PS with 0.8% of salt and 10% of STE using pre-rigor muscle). For the evaluation of quality characteristics and shelf-life of reduced-salt PS, pH and color values, cooking loss (%), expressible moisture (%), textural properties, lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric reactive substances), protein denaturation (volatile basic nitrogen), and microbiological analysis (total plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts) were determined. Results: The pH and temperature of pre-rigor raw pork ham were higher than those of post-rigor pork ham. Hardness of TRT2 was higher than that of REF or CTL. TRT2 had higher gumminess and chewiness than CTL. TRT1 and TRT2 had lower volatile basic nitrogen than CTL. Total plate counts of TRT2 were lower than those of CTL. Expressible moisture values of TRT1 and TRT2 were similar to those of REF. The addition of STE into PS improved functional properties and shelf-life of PS. Conclusion: Reduced-salt PS containing pre-rigor muscle and STE had similar functional properties to those of regular-salt ones, while containing approximately 47% less salt compared to regular-salt level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and shoulder adhesive capsulitis (AC) using a large-scale, nationwide, population-based cohort in the Republic of Korea. Methods: A total of 3,471,745 subjects aged over 20 years who underwent a National Health Insurance Service medical checkup between 2009 and 2010 were included in this study, and followed from the date of their medical checkup to the end of 2018. Subjects were classified into the following four groups based on the presence of dysglycemia and history of diabetes medication: normal, prediabetes, newly diagnosed T2DM (new-T2DM), and T2DM (claim history for antidiabetic medication). The endpoint was new-onset AC during follow-up. The incidence rates (IRs) in 1,000 person-years and hazard ratios (HRs) of AC for each group were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results: The IRs of AC were 9.453 (normal), 11.912 (prediabetes), 14.933 (new-T2DM), and 24.3761 (T2DM). The adjusted HRs of AC in the prediabetes, new-T2DM, and T2DM groups were 1.084 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.075 to 1.094), 1.312 (95% CI, 1.287 to 1.337), and 1.473 (95% CI, 1.452 to 1.494) compared to the normal group, respectively. This secular trend of the HRs of AC according to T2DM status was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Conclusion: This large-scale, longitudinal, nationwide, population-based cohort study of 3,471,745 subjects confirmed that the risk of AC increases in prediabetic subjects and is associated with T2DM status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While symptomatic basilar artery (BA) stenosis is associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke or death, there is no consensus on the management of these patients who are refractory to antiplatelet therapy. This study retrospectively assesses the outcomes of endovascular treatment (EVT) for symptomatic BA stenosis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with symptomatic BA stenosis who underwent EVT, including angioplasty or stenting, from 2006 to 2018. A total of 15 patients, who experienced transient ischemic attacks or strokes despite dual antiplatelet therapy, were included. EVT was performed under local anesthesia after pretreatment with antiplatelet medications. Angiographic follow-up was performed at 12 and 24 months post-EVT. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: EVT was successfully completed in all patients. Peri/post-procedural complications occurred in 33% of cases, including in-stent thrombosis, intracranial hemorrhage, and pontine infarction. At long-term follow-up (mean 98.5±80.5 months), 73.3% of patients achieved a favorable functional outcome (mRS≤2) without disability or mortality. Patients with unfavorable outcomes had previous infarcts, with 2 experiencing new pontine infarctions after stenting. Conclusion: This study suggests that EVT, including angioplasty and stenting, may offer promise as a treatment option for symptomatic BA stenosis refractory to medical therapy. However, the procedure carries a notable risk of complications, especially in patients with severe stenosis and previous infarcts. Careful patient selection, based on clinical and radiological criteria, is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The effect of the combination of working hours and working time mismatch on depression is unknown. This study was undertaken to confirm the relationship between working time mismatch and depression with respect to hours worked. Material and Methods: The data of 45 514 adult workers that participated in the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS‐VI 2020) were reviewed. Depression was defined using the World Health Organization 5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) cut-off score of 50. Working time mismatch was defined as a difference between actual and desired working hours. To identify associations between working hour mismatch and depression according to weekly hours worked, stratification analysis was conducted by dividing the study subjects into 3 groups based on actual hours worked weekly (<40 h, 40-<52 h, or ≥52 h). Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders was performed to calculate odds ratios of depression. Results: In the <40 h, 40-<52 h, and ≥52 h groups, the odds ratios (OR) of working more hours than desired were 1.51, 95% CI: 1.20-1.92 (<40 h), 1.70, 95% CI: 1.58-1.84 (40-<52 h), and 1.55, 95% CI: 1.41-1.69 (≥52 h), respectively, compared to a matched actual versus desired working hours group (the matched group). On the other hand, the odds ratios of working fewer hours than desired were 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.27 (<40 h), 1.38, 95% CI: 1.20-1.60 (40-<52 h), and 1.98, 95% CI: 1.24-3.17 (≥52 h), respectively. The risk of depression was found to increase significantly with working time mismatch within all 3 working hour groups. Conclusions: Working time mismatch increases the risk of worker depression regardless of hours worked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porocarcinoma (PC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are distinct skin cancers. Few studies have documented the occurrence of two concurrent types of skin cancers, and to the best of our knowledge, this represents the inaugural report of such a coexisting lesion arising from a capillary malformation. Herein, we report a case of concurrent PC and BCC presenting with capillary malformation. A 93-year-old woman visited our hospital with a protruding mass in her right nasal ala that appeared as a capillary malformation. A biopsy was performed on the skin lesion, and BCC was diagnosed. A wide excision was performed. Permanent biopsy revealed that the skin lesion was a PC with basal cells and squamous differentiation. The safety margin of the deep tissue margin was < 0.1 cm; however, considering the advanced age of the patient, further excision was deemed to not possess any benefits. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing the possibility of multiple skin cancers, even in patients with benign lesions such as capillary malformations. The rarity of this presentation highlights the importance of thorough investigation and histopathological examination of skin lesions in guiding appropriate surgical excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the changes in bacterial communities within decomposing swine microcosms, comparing soil with or without intact microbial communities, and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Methods: The experimental microcosms consisted of four conditions: UA, unsterilized soil-aerobic condition; SA, sterilized soil-aerobic condition; UAn, unsterilized soil-anaerobic condition; and San, sterilized soil-anaerobic condition. The microcosms were prepared by mixing 112.5 g of soil and 37.5 g of ground carcass, which were then placed in sterile containers. The carcass-soil mixture was sampled at day 0, 5, 10, 30, and 60 of decomposition, and the bacterial communities that formed during carcass decomposition were assessed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: A total of 1,687 amplicon sequence variants representing 22 phyla and 805 genera were identified in the microcosms. The Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices varied in between microcosms at each period (p<0.05). Metagenomic analysis showed variation in the taxa composition across the burial microcosms during decomposition, with Firmicutes being the dominant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Bacillus and Clostridium were the main genera within Firmicutes. Functional prediction revealed that the most abundant Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes metabolic functions were carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher bacteria diversity in UA and UAn microcosms than in SA and SAn microcosms. In addition, the taxonomic composition of the microbial community also exhibited changes, highlighting the impact of soil sterilization and oxygen on carcass decomposition. Furthermore, this study provided insights into the microbial communities associated with decomposing swine carcasses in microcosm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the quality characteristics of pork sausage (PS) with sea tangle extract (STE) and rapid chilled pre-rigor muscle (RCPM) for the development of reduced-salt low-fat sausage. Methods: Pre- and post-rigor pork ham muscles were prepared to process PSs. Positive control (reference, REF) using post-rigor muscle were manufactured at a regular-salt level of 1.5%. Fresh and rapid-chilled pre-rigor muscle (FPM and RCPM) were used to manufacture reduced-salt sausages with 0.8% salt. Reduced-salt PSs were prepared with four treatments: FT1 (FPM alone), FT2 (FPM with 5% STE), RT1 (RCPM alone), and RT2 (RCPM with 5% STE). The physicochemical and textural properties of the sausages with reduced-salt levels and RCPM combination were measured to determine if the characteristics of RCPM were similar to those with FPM. Results: The pH values of PS with FPM and RCPM were higher than those of REF with post-rigor muscle. Color values (L*, a*, b*) were not affected by different rigor-states and salt addition level. Textural properties of reduced-salt PSs were similar to those of REF due to the improved functionalities of pre-rigor muscle. RT2 had lower expressible moisture (%) than other treatments with post-rigor muscle and RCPM except for RT1. Conclusion: The addition of STE and RCPM to reduced-salt PS increased the waterholding capacity, which was lower than those of PS with STE using RCPM but similar to those of regular-salt sausage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: When evaluating individuals with the same parent and no phenotype by pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), it is difficult to explain carcass grade difference and select individuals because they have the same value in pedigree BLUP (PBLUP). However, single step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), which can estimate the breeding value suitable for the individual by adding genotype, is more accurate than the existing method. Methods: The breeding value and accuracy were estimated with pedigree BLUP and ssGBLUP using pedigree and genotype of 408 Hanwoo cattle from 16 families with the same parent among siblings produced by fertilized egg transplantation. A total of 14,225 Hanwoo cattle with pedigree, genotype and phenotype were used as the reference population. PBLUP obtained estimated breeding value (EBV) using the pedigree of the test and reference populations, and ssGBLUP obtained genomic EBV (GEBV) after constructing and H-matrix by integrating the pedigree and genotype of the test and reference populations. Results: For all traits, the accuracy of GEBV using ssGBLUP is 0.18 to 0.20 higher than the accuracy of EBV obtained with PBLUP. Comparison of EBV and GEBV of individuals without phenotype, since the value of EBV is estimated based on expected values of alleles passed down from common ancestors. It does not take Mendelian sampling into consideration, so the EBV of all individuals within the same family is estimated to be the same value. However, GEBV makes estimating true kinship coefficient based on different genotypes of individuals possible, so GEBV that corresponds to each individual is estimated rather than a uniform GEBV for each individual. Conclusion: Since Hanwoo cows bred through embryo transfer have a high possibility of having the same parent, if ssGBLUP after adding genotype is used, estimating true kinship coefficient corresponding to each individual becomes possible, allowing for more accurate estimation of breeding value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Femoral fracture repair surgery under general anesthesia is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). However, information on PPCs caused by residual neuromuscular blockade following perioperative use of neuromuscular blockers is limited. This study aimed to identify the differences in the incidence of PPCs according to the type of neuromuscular blockade reversal agent used in femoral fracture repair surgery, as well as the risk factors for PPCs. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical records of 604 patients aged >18 years who underwent general anesthesia for femoral fracture repair surgery at a single university hospital between March 2017 and March 2022. Patients in whom sugammadex or anticholinesterase was used to reverse the neuromuscular block were subjected to propensity score matching. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for PPCs. Results: Among the 604 patients, 108 were matched in each group. The incidence rates of PPCs overall and in the anticholinesterase and sugammadex groups were 7.0%, 8.3%, and 5.6%, respectively, with no significant differences between the groups. Older age, higher ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status, and lower preoperative oxygen saturation were risk factors, whereas emergency surgery was a preventive factor. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the incidence of PPC did not differ significantly between sugammadex and anticholinesterase in patients undergoing femur fracture repair under general anesthesia. Identifying the risk factors and confirming complete recovery from neuromuscular blockade might be more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were first introduced a decade ago, no one expected them to have substantial effects beyond their known glucose-lowering effects, until the emergence of evidence of their robust renal and cardiovascular benefits showing that they could attenuate progression of kidney disease, irrespective of diabetes, as well as prevent the development of acute kidney injury. Still, the precise and elaborate mechanisms underlying the major organ protection of SGLT2 inhibitors remain unclear. SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and glucose in the proximal tubule of the kidney and then recovers tubuloglomerular feedback, whereby SGLT2 inhibitors reduce glomerular hyperfiltration. This simple demonstration of their beneficial effects has perplexed experts in seeking more plausible and as yet undisclosed explanations for the whole effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, including metabolism reprogramming and the modulation of hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Given that the renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with kidney disease but without diabetes were comparable to those seen in patients with diabetes, it may be reasonable to keep the emphasis on their hemodynamic actions. In this context, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of renal hemodynamics in individuals with diabetes who are treated with SGLT2 inhibitors, with a focus on natriuresis associated with the regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback and potential aquaresis. Throughout the discussion of alterations in renal sodium and water transports, particular attention will be given to the potential enhancement of adenosine and its receptors following SGLT2 inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To compare small bowel distension and side effects between a diluted polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution and a low-density (0.1% w/v) barium sulfate suspension (LDBSS) for CT enterography (CTE) preparation. Materials and Methods Total 173 consecutive patients who underwent CTE were enrolled in this study. The LDBSS (1 L) was used in 50 patients, and the diluted iso-osmotic PEG solution (1 L) was used in 123 patients. Two blinded radiologists independently scored jejunal and ileal distensions on a 5-point scale. To compare side effects between the two groups, the patients reported whether they had immediate complications after the administration of the oral contrast media. Results For ileal and jejunal distension, the diluted PEG solution showed no difference from the LDBSS for either reader (ileum: reader 1, median, 4; 4, interquartile range, 3-4; 3-4, p = 0.997; reader 2, median, 4; 4, interquartile range, 3.3-4.0; 3-4, p = 0.064; jejunum: reader 1, median, 2; 2, interquartile range, 2-3; 2-3, p = 0.560; reader 2, median, 3; 2, interquartile range, 2-3; 2-3, p = 0.192). None of the patients complained of immediate complications following administration of either of the oral contrast media. Conclusion The diluted PEG solution showed comparable bowel distension compared to LDBSS and no immediate side effects; thus, it can be a useful alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Individual anatomical structural variations, including intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), prostatic urethral angle (PUA), prostatic urethral length, or prostatic apex shape, were correlated with micturition symptoms. We aimed to investigate the effects of these variables on micturition symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods: This observational study was based on data from 263 men with the first visit to health promotion center and without BPH/LUTS treatment between March 2020 and September 2022. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine the variables affecting total international prostate symptom score, maximum flow rate (Qmax), and voiding efficacy (postvoid residual volume to total bladder volume ratio). Results: Of 263 patients, decreasing PUA increases the severity of international prostate symptoms score (mild, 141.9°; moderate, 136.0°; severe, 131.2°; P<0.015). A multivariate analysis reported that the total international prostate symptom score was correlated with age (P=0.002), PUA (P=0.007), and Qmax (P=0.008). Qmax was negatively associated with IPP (P=0.002). In subanalysis for large prostate volume (=30 mL, n=81), international prostate symptom score was correlated with PUA (P=0.013), Qmax was correlated with prostatic apex shape (P=0.017), and length of proximal prostatic urethra (P=0.007). IPP was not identified as a significant factor. For small prostate volume (<30 mL, n=182), age (P=0.011) and prostate volume (P=0.004) are correlated with increasing Qmax. Conclusions: This study presented that individual anatomical structure variations influenced the micturition symptoms according to prostate volume. To identify the major resistant factors in men with BPH/LUTS, further studies are required to investigate which components played a role in major resistant factors for micturition symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present novel ultra large size organic light emitting diode (OLED) display technologies with high image quality for premium televisions (TVs) using an advanced coplanar oxide thin film transistor (TFT) backplane, microlens array (MLA)-based OLED, small size gate driver in panel for narrow bezel, and pixel charging enhancement method with external compensation. Using these technologies, we improved the luminance efficiency about 20% and reduced the integrated gate driver design area to 40%. We have achieved the life time of the gate driver in panel longer than 100,000 h in reliability test. The pixel charging ratio is more than 80% in all gray levels. Using the developed OLED display, we have successfully developed up to ultra large size 88-in. 8K and 97-in. 4K OLED TVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a cheaper alternative to the industrial Pt electrode used in quantum-sensitized solar cells, the electrophoresis process is employed to create the low-cost FTO/PbS cathode. For structural cubic and sizes ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm, structure and morphology were investigated using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C under vacuum. The FTO/PbS cathode electrode was therefore calcined at 150 °C with a maximum efficiency of 3.938%. This happens as a result of the complete fusion of PbS nanoparticles with crystal at 150 °C, which reduces resistance and increases electron lifetime compared to other temperature combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The embedment strength performance of the self-tapping screw (STS) connector, used as a cross-laminated timber fastener, was evaluated considering tree species' density and load direction as parameters. The STS had a diameter of 8, 10, and 12 mm. Considering the characteristics of the STS, the embedment strength of the threaded area and the shank area were compared. A larger diameter of the STS resulted in a higher yield load in all directions of the respective wood. The effective embedment area can estimate a more accurate value for the embedment strength. The embedment strength of the longitudinal cross section as the embedment area was higher than that of the radial and tangential sections. For the loading direction, the ratio of the embedment strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain of the specimens was 0.40 to 0.58 by wood species. The embedment strength predicted based on the specific gravity and diameter of the fastener differed considerably by 38% to 56% from the actual embedment strength of STS using the effective embedment area. This paper provides data for setting the adjustment factors predicting the embedment strength of STS connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:Various dosimeters have been proposed for skin dosimetry in electron radiotherapy. However, one main drawback of these skin dosimeters is their lack of flexibility, which could make accurate dose measurements challenging due to air gaps between a curved patient surface and dosimeter.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to suggest a novel flexible skin dosimeter based on a thin-film copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell, and to evaluate its dosimetric characteristics. Methods: The CIGS solar cell dosimeter consisted of (a) a customized thinfilm CIGS solar cell and (b) a data acquisition (DAQ) system. The CIGS solar cell with a thickness of 0.33 mm was customized to a size of 10 × 10 mm2. This customized solar cell plays a role in converting therapeutic electron radiation into electrical signals. The DAQ system was composed of a voltage amplifier with a gain of 1000, a voltage input module, a DAQ chassis, and an in-house software. This system converted the electrical analog signals (from solar cell) to digital signals with a sampling rate of ≤50 kHz and then quantified/visualized the digital signals in real time. We quantified the linearity/ sampling rate effect/dose rate dependence/energy dependence/field size output factor/reproducibility/curvature/bending recoverability/angular dependence of the CIGS solar cell dosimeter in therapeutic electron beams.To evaluate clinical feasibility, we measured the skin point doses by attaching the CIGS solar cell to an anthropomorphic phantom surface (for forehead, mouth, and thorax). The CIGS-measured doses were compared with calculated doses (by treatment planning system) and measured doses (by optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter). Results: The normalized signals of the solar cell dosimeter increased linearly as the delivered dose increased. The gradient of the linearly fitted line was 1.00 with an R-square of 0.9999. The sampling rates (2, 10, and 50 kHz) of the solar cell dosimeter showed good performance even at low doses (<50 cGy). The solar cell dosimeter exhibited dose rate independence within 1% and energy independence within 3% error margins. The signals of the solar cell dosimeter were similar (<1%) when penetrating the same side of the CIGS cell regardless of the rotation angle of the solar cell. The field size output factor measured by the solar cell dosimeter was comparable to that measured by the ion chamber. The solar cell signals were similar between the baseline (week 1) and the last time point (week 4). Our detector showed curvature [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission depends on factors such as demography, comorbidity, and patterns of daily activity, a better understanding of the societal factors of the infection among students would be useful in planning prevention strategies. However, no studies to date have focused on societal factors associated with COVID-19 transmission among students. Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the factors of a student population associated with COVID-19 transmission in the metropolitan city of Seoul, South Korea. Methods: We analyzed the epidemiological data for laboratory-confirmed (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) COVID-19 cases collected by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and Ministry of Education from January 2020 to October 2021. We calculated the global Moran’s index, local Moran’s index, and Getis-Ord’s index. A spatial regression analysis was performed to identify sociodemographic predictors of COVID-19 at the district level. Results: The global spatial correlation estimated by Moran’s index was 0.082 for the community population and 0.064 for the student population. The attack rate of adults aged 30– 59 years (P=0.049) was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 attack rates in students, whereas the number of students per primary- (P=0.003) and middle- (P=0.030) school class was inversely associated with risk of COVID-19 attack among students. Conclusion: We found that COVID-19 transmission was more attributable to the community-level burden in students than adults. We recommend that public health initiatives target initiatives that protect students from COVID-19 when the community carries a high burden of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the gap between the level of heat wave adaptation policies and heat wave effects in South Korean municipalities. First, the types of industries in municipalities were classified using factor analysis and cluster analysis. Second, the level of heat wave adaptation policy in the municipalities was assessed using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process analysis. Third, the gap between the level of heat wave adaptation policy and the heat wave effect was analyzed. The results show that the heat wave adaptation policies were established in accordance with the heat wave effects to at least some degree. However, closer to the long-term future (2095), the policies have not sufficiently matched the level of heat wave effects. The proportion of municipalities with insufficient levels of heat wave adaptation policies against the heat wave effects was higher among urban-type municipalities. The analysis results suggest two policy implications. First, the heat wave adaptation policies of municipalities should be established through continuous feedback on the predictions of future heat wave effects. Second, urban-type municipalities should strengthen their planning authority and competence by securing a professional workforce and budgets for the establishment of heat wave adaptation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The utility of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) for breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is highly controversial. This study evaluated the impact of PMRT according to pathologic nodal status after modern NAC. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 682 patients with clinical stage II-III breast cancer who underwent NAC and mastectomy from 2013 to 2017. In total, 596 patients (87.4%) received PMRT, and 86 (12.6%) did not. We investigated the relationships among locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and various prognostic factors. Subgroup analyses were also performed to identify patients who may benefit from PMRT. Results The median follow-up duration was 67 months. In ypN+ patients (n=368, 51.2%), PMRT showed significant benefits in terms of LRRFS, DFS, and OS (all p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, histologic grade (HG) III (p=0.002), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p=0.045), and ypN2-3 (p=0.02) were significant risk factors for poor LRRFS. In ypN1 patients with more than two prognostic factors among luminal/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative subtype, HG I-II, and absence of LVI, PMRT had no significant effect on LRRFS (p=0.18). In ypN0 patients (n=351, 48.8%), PMRT was not significantly associated with LRRFS, DFS, or OS. However, PMRT showed better LRRFS in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients (p=0.03). Conclusion PMRT had a major impact on treatment outcomes in patients with residual lymph nodes following NAC and mastectomy. Among ypN0 patients, PMRT may be beneficial only for those with TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and the neural networks between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and precuneus (PCun)/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in disorders of consciousness (DOC) patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Measures: Twenty-five consecutive patients with TBI admitted to the rehabilitation department of a university hospital were enrolled in this study. The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) was used to evaluate the consciousness state. The pathway of the neural networks between the mPFC and the PCun (mPFC-PCun DMN)/PCC (mPFC-PCC DMN) were reconstructed using DTT. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and the tract volume (TV) were obtained to assess the diffusion tensor imaging parameters. Results: The CRS-R score had strong positive correlations with the FA value and TV of the mPFC-PCun DMN (p < 0.05), while it showed a moderate positive correlation with the TV of the mPFC-PCC DMN (p < 0.05). In addition, the FA value of the mPFC-Pcun DMN showed that it could explain the variability in the CRS-R score. Conclusions: The close correlation was noted between the consciousness state and the mPFC-PCun DMN and mPFC-PCC DMN in DOC patients with TBI. On the other hand, the mPFC-PCun DMN appeared to be more closely correlated with the consciousness state than the mPFC-PCC DMN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in Korea and the world. Since 2004, this is the 4th gastric cancer guideline published in Korea which is the revised version of previous evidence-based approach in 2018. Current guideline is a collaborative work of the interdisciplinary working group including experts in the field of gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology and guideline development methodology. Total of 33 key questions were updated or proposed after a collaborative review by the working group and 40 statements were developed according to the systematic review using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and KoreaMed database. The level of evidence and the grading of recommendations were categorized according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation proposition. Evidence level, benefit, harm, and clinical applicability was considered as the significant factors for recommendation. The working group reviewed recommendations and discussed for consensus. In the earlier part, general consideration discusses screening, diagnosis and staging of endoscopy, pathology, radiology, and nuclear medicine. Flowchart is depicted with statements which is supported by meta-analysis and references. Since clinical trial and systematic review was not suitable for postoperative oncologic and nutritional follow-up, working group agreed to conduct a nationwide survey investigating the clinical practice of all tertiary or general hospitals in Korea. The purpose of this survey was to provide baseline information on follow up. Herein we present a multidisciplinary-evidence based gastric cancer guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) performed by clinical psychologists is an effective treatment for improving the depression in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, because access to clinical psychologists is limited in most clinics, CBT-AD is rarely performed for PLWH in Korea. This pilot study evaluates whether CBT-AD can be effectively performed by a nurse trained and supervised by a clinical psychologist, with a view to the wider provision of CBT-AD. Materials and Methods: One clinical psychologist developed manuals, educated and supervised one nurse. PLWH with depression or adherence to self-reported antiretroviral therapy <90% were enrolled, and CBT-AD was conducted once weekly for 12 sessions. PLWH were assessed for adherence by visual analog scale, Beck depression inventory (BDI) for depression, PozQoL for quality of life, and Berger’s 40-item stigma scale for stigma at baseline, after the 6th, 12th session, at 4-, and 8-months after CBT-AD. Acceptability for PLWH and feasibility for providers were evaluated through surveys. Results: Five male PLWH have completed the study protocols (mean age 29.2 years). All study participants showed improving depression (mean BDI at baseline 33.0 ± 7.0, and after the 12th session 13.4 ± 3.5), and the effect was maintained at the 8-month follow-up (BDI 15.4 ± 6.4). Quality of life showed a tendency to improve (mean PozQoL at baseline 28.0 ± 7.7, after 12th session 36.8 ± 4.4, and at the 8-month follow-up 38.2 ± 7.9), but stigma did not show clear improvement (Berger’s 40-item stigma scale at baseline 121.0 ± 3.9, after 12th session 107.6 ± 8.8. and at the 8-month follow-up 107.6 ± 5.0). All study participants received great help from CBT-AD and expressed their desire to continue. All providers agreed that nursedelivered CBT-AD could be implemented in routine clinical practice. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a nurse-delivered CBT-AD could be feasible and acceptable for PLWH through structured interventions. It has been shown to have the potential to help PLWH, especially for their depression and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To compare the sensory change and recovery of infraorbital area associated with zygomaticomaxillary and orbital floor fractures and their recoveries and investigate the factors that affect them. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 652 patients diagnosed with zygomaticomaxillary (n= 430) or orbital floor (n= 222) fractures in a single center between January 2016 and January 2021. Patient data, including age, sex, medical history, injury mechanism, Knight and North classification (in zygomaticomaxillary fracture cases), injury indication for surgery (in orbital floor cases), combined injury, sensory change, and recovery period, were reviewed. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Orbital floor fractures occurred more frequently in younger patients than zygomaticomaxillary fractures (p< 0.001). High-energy injuries were more likely to be associated with zygomaticomaxillary fractures (p< 0.001), whereas low-energy injuries were more likely to be associated with orbital floor fractures (p< 0.001). The sensory changes associated with orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary fractures were not significantly different (p= 0.773). Sensory recovery was more rapid and better after orbital floor than after zygomaticomaxillary fractures; however, the difference was not significantly different. Additionally, the low-energy group showed a higher incidence of sensory changes than the high-energy group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.512). Permanent sensory changes were more frequent in the high-energy group, the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.043). Conclusion: The study found no significant difference in the incidence of sensory changes associated with orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary fractures. In case of orbital floor fractures and high-energy injuries, the risk of permanent sensory impairment should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thromboembolism is one of the major complications during coil embolization of an aneurysm, which usually causes familiar neurological deficits, such as, weakness, aphasia, etc. We report a rare complication by thromboembolism after coil embolization causing hemiballism. A 69-year-old female presented with unruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm and was treated by coil embolization. After the procedure, the patient showed global aphasia and right hemiparesis, and there were small multiple, scattered infarctions on the left middle cerebral artery territory. The neurologic deficit subsided after five days, but hemballism occurred thereafter. There was no other medical history to explain the hemiballism. The patient was treated with clonazepam and antiepileptics and the hemiballism subsided at postoperative day 20. We report a case of rare complication, hemiballism, during coil embolization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

배경: Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a major medical problem with high morbidity and mortality. Appropriate antibiotic treatment lowers the risk of embolism, recurrence, and long-term mortality. However, there are concerns about adverse drug reactions and resistant strains due to long-term use of antibiotics. Therefore, we compared the difference in overall mortality according to the duration of postoperative antibiotics therapy in patients with IE. 방법: From 2005 to 2017, we retrospectively reviewed 416 patients with IE at a 2400-bed tertiary hospital in South Korea. A total of 234 IE patients who underwent valve surgery and appropriate duration of antibiotics were enrolled. They were divided into two groups based on the 2 weeks of postoperative antibiotic therapy. The primary outcome was long-term overall all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were reoperation rate, recurrence rate, and postoperative complications. 결과: The median follow-up duration was 71 (interquartile range [IQR], 46–109) months. The duration of postoperative antibiotic therapy was less than 2 weeks in 62 patients (26.5%) and more than 2 weeks in 172 patients (73.5%). The median age was 53 ([IQR], 39–63) years. The overall mortality was 12.8% (30/234). There were no statistical differences in overall mortality (12.9% vs. 12.8%, p=0.982), reoperation (6.5% vs. 4.1%, p=0.488), and recurrence (8.1% vs. 2.9%, p=0.135) between patients with postoperative antibiotic therapy less than 2 weeks and for ≥2 weeks, respectively. The duration of postoperative antibiotic therapy based on 2 weeks in the Kaplan-Meier curve was not associated with overall mortality (log-rank test, p=0.877). 결론: In conclusion, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall mortality, recurrence, and reoperation rate according to the duration of postoperative antibiotic therapy. If surgery and recommended total antibiotic duration are properly performed, a shorter duration of postoperative antibiotics might be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We assessed the outcomes of a push–pull monorail technique to overcome a difficult anatomical course through the left internal jugular vein in implantable port insertions. Methods: From December 2018 to May 2021, a total of 5326 patients were referred for implantable port insertion in our interventional unit, among which 472 cases were requested for insertion on the left side. Our monorail technique was applied only when the catheter tip entered the azygos vein instead of the superior vena cava (n=8). The technique consists of a puncture at the distal tip of the port catheter with a 21-gauge micropuncture needle, advancing a 0.018-inch hair-wire to the guide, providing support for the pre-assembled port, and advancing the microsheath over the hair-wire to prevent extrusion of the catheter. Results: The push–pull monorail technique was performed in eight patients, and all cases were technically successful, exhibiting a technical success rate of 100%. There were no immediate or delayed complications. Conclusions: The push–pull monorail technique is helpful in overcoming the difficult anatomical course through the left internal jugular vein during implantable port insertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate and report the effects of Si4+/Al3+ (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3) molar concentration ratio on the self-reduction process of Yb3+ to Yb2+ ions and upconversion (UC)-, visible (VIS)- emission spectra, direct optical bandgaps (DOB), indirect optical bandgaps (IOB) of Bin+/Ybm+, Er3+/Bin+, and Er3+/Bin+/Ybm+ (n, m = 3, 2) co-doped SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –MgO–TiO 2 (SAMT) magnesium aluminum silicate glasses. The valence states of the bismuth (Bi), and Ytterbium (Yb) elements in the raw materials mixture existing in the SAMT glass were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra analysis. With the increase of Al3+ molar concentration from 16 mol. % up to 20, 24, 28 and 32 mol. % corresponding to the Si4+/Al3+ (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3) molar concentration ratio of 3.4, 2.5, 1.9, 1.5, and 1.2, the self-reduction process of Yb3+ to Yb2+ ions was enhanced and thus significantly affected the DOB, IOB, the intensities of UC-, VIS- emission spectra of Bin+/Ybm+, Bin+/Er3+, and Bin+/Er3+/Ybm+ (n = 2, 3) co-doped SAMT glasses under excitation of 473 nm, 808 laser diode (LD) and 980 nm LD. In addition, the CIE 1931(x, y) color coordinates for VIS- and UC- emissions spectra of Bin+/Ybm+, Bin+/Er3+ (n = 2, 3) co-doped SAMT under excitation of 473 nm and 808 nm LD are also calculated and determined in the CIE 1931(x, y) chromaticity diagram. • Effect of Si4+/Al3+ ratio on the self-reduction process of Yb3+ to Yb2+ ions were investigated. • XPS results determined existence of Bi3+, Bi2+, Yb3+, and Yb2+ ions in SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –MgO–TiO 2 glass. • CIE1931 for VIS, UC emissions of Bin+/Er3+/Ybm + under excitation of 473, 808 nm were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To compare the sensitivity of tumor detection and inter-observer agreement between acquired diffusion-weighted imaging (aDWI) b2000 and computed DWI (cDWI) b2000 in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods Eighty-eight patients diagnosed with PCa by radical prostatectomy and having undergone pre-operative 3 Tesla-MRI, including DWI (b, 0, 100, 1000, 2000 s/mm2 ), were included in the study. cDWI b2000 was obtained from aDWI b0, b100, and b1000. Two independent reviewers performed a review of the aDWI b2000 and cDWI b2000 images in random order at 4-week intervals. A region of interest was drawn for the largest tumor on each dataset, and a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score based on PI-RADS v2.1 was recorded. Histologic topographic maps served as the reference standard. Results The study population’s Gleason scores were 6 (n = 16), 7 (n = 53), 8 (n = 9), and 9 (n = 10). According to the reviewers, the sensitivities of cDWI b2000 and aDWI b2000 showed no significant differences (for reviewer 1, both 94% [83/88]; for reviewer 2, both 90% [79/88]; p = 1.000, respectively). The kappa values of cDWI b2000 and aDWI b2000 for the PI-RADS score were 0.422 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.240–0.603) and 0.495 (95% CI, 0.308–0.683), respectively. Conclusion cDWI b2000 showed comparable sensitivity with aDWI b2000, in addition to sustained moderate inter-observer agreement, in the detection of PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is still controversy regarding clinical outcomes following primary hip arthroplasty after solid organ transplantation (SOT). The aim of this study was to determine whether clinical outcomes after hip arthroplasty differ between previous SOT recipients and control subjects with no history of undergoing SOT. We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing the clinical outcomes after hip arthroplasty following SOT published up to January 5, 2022. A comparison of medical and surgeryrelated complications, as well as the readmission rate and 90-day mortality rate between previous SOT recipients and control subjects was performed. Subgroup analyses of the SOT types, liver transplantation (LT) and kidney transplantation (KT), were also performed. Ten studies that included 3,631,861 cases of primary hip arthroplasty were included; among these, 14,996 patients had previously undergone SOT and 3,616,865 patients had not. Significantly higher incidences of cardiac complications, pneumonia, and acute kidney injury were observed in the SOT group compared with the control group. Regarding surgical complications, a higher transfusion rate was observed in the SOT group. The readmission rate and 90-day mortality rate were also significantly higher in the SOT group. A significantly higher incidence of deep vein thrombosis was observed in the KT subgroup compared with the control group. A higher risk of medical and surgical complications, as well as higher readmission and mortality rates after hip arthroplasty was observed for previous SOT recipients compared to patients with no history of SOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cutaneous appearance of transient or persistent livedo reticularis is characterized by violaceous, mottled, ring-shaped interconnecting lesions that form a reticular or net-like pattern. It can occur physiologically in response to cold exposure, such as in cutis marmorata, but can also be induced by pathological conditions such as vascular obliterans or venodilation. We report two cases of livedo reticularis that occurred on the lower limbs of two patients post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. As the patients had no other likely causes of livedo reticularis, the reticular skin lesions were suspected to occur in association with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Livedo reticularis is an uncommon adverse reaction, with few cases being reported post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many urinary tract infections (UTIs) are recurrent because uropathogens persist within the bladder epithelial cells (BECs) for extended periods between bouts of infection. Because persistent uropathogens are intracellular, they are often refractive to antibiotic treatment. The recent discovery of endogenous Lactobacillus spp. in the bladders of healthy humans raised the question of whether these endogenous bacteria directly or indirectly impact intracellular bacterial burden in the bladder. Here, we report that in contrast to healthy women, female patients experiencing recurrent UTIs have a bladder population of Lactobacilli that is markedly reduced. Exposing infected human BECs to L. crispatus in vitro markedly reduced the intracellular uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) load. The adherence of Lactobacilli to BECs was found to result in increased type I interferon (IFN) production, which in turn enhanced the expression of cathepsin D within lysosomes harboring UPECs. This lysosomal cathepsin D-mediated UPEC killing was diminished in germ-free mice and type I IFN receptor-deficient mice. Secreted metabolites of L. crispatus seemed to be responsible for the increased expression of type I IFN in human BECs. Intravesicular administration of Lactobacilli into UPEC-infected murine bladders markedly reduced their intracellular bacterial load suggesting that components of the endogenous microflora can have therapeutic effects against UTIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate quality characteristics of reduced-salt pork sausage (PS) using pre-rigor muscle compared to those of regular-salt PS. In addition, effects of freezing on sausage batter with different temperatures (–30°C vs –70°C) on quality characteristics of both sausage batter and cooked sausages during frozen storage were observed. Methods: Pre-rigor and post-rigor pork hams were used to manufacture low-fat sausages. Sausages using post-rigor (Post) muscle were manufactured at a salt level of 1.5%, whereas those with pre-rigor (Pre) muscle were processed at salt level of 1.0%. After these muscles were made at two salt levels (1.5% salt, Post-rigor; 1.0% salt, Pre-rigor), Sausage batters were stored at two frozen temperatures (–30°C vs –70°C). During storage for 12 wks, they were measured for physicochemical and textural properties every 4 wks up to 12 wks. Results: pH values and temperatures of sausage batter of pre-rigor muscle were higher than those of post-rigor muscle regardless of the frozen temperature. The lightness and yellowness values of batter at the initial storage were the highest during storage. For PS, there were no differences in most parameters measured among all treatments. However, expressible moisture values (%) of Pre-30 and Pre-70 were lower than those of Post-30 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Regardless of frozen temperature during storage, quality characteristics of pre-rigor PS with salt level of 1.0% salt were similar to those of post-rigor PS with salt level of 1.5%. By using the pre-rigor muscle, salt content could be reduced by one third of the regular-salt level (1.5%) of post-rigor muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influence of firm cluster collaboration and the utilization of big data on the expansion of open innovation. We also investigate the effect of open innovation on business performance and test the moderating effect of social capital. We surveyed 409 global firms (193 large enterprises and 216 medium enterprises) located in Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa over a one-month period. We limited the scope of the survey to employees working at the level of team leader (or executive) or above in the R&D department. This study used SmartPLS (Version 3.3.3) to perform the statistical analysis. Our results indicated that, first, corporate cluster collaboration had a positive effect on the expansion of open innovation. Second, firm use of big data had a positive effect on the expansion of open innovation. Third, firm expansion of open innovation had a positive effect on business performance (market and financial performance). Fourth, in the relationship between cluster collaboration and open innovation expansion, social capital had a negative moderating effect. This research proved that cluster collaboration and big data could accelerate open innovation, ultimately improving business performance. However, there are limitations regarding SEM analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Percutaneous sclerotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for renal parapelvic cysts. However, if the cyst is in communication with the adjacent renal pelvocalyceal system, sclerotherapy is contraindicated and alternative treatment should be considered. Here, we report a case of a patient with a symptomatic renal parapelvic cyst that was treated using a novel technique involving percutaneous new tract formation between the cyst and renal pelvis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pineapple leaves are one of the most abundant agricultural residues that are wasted either by burning them on-site or utilized for low-value engineering applications such as fabrics, animal feed, and vermicompost. In this work, pineapple leaves with a cellulose content of over 40% are alkaline pre-treated with sodium hydroxide, followed by bleaching with hydrogen peroxide to produce cellulose with a high purity of 79.72% and extraction efficiency of 41.56%. The cellulose microfibers are generated by disintegrating the obtained cellulose-based fibers via a stepwise combination of ball milling and high-speed rotor–stator homogenization. The independent effects of ball milling and homogenization in terms of processing time, and when combining the two grinding methods on final product size, fiber morphology, thermal stability, and chemical structure are investigated comprehensively by Laser Diffraction Spectrometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The operating condition when conducting step-by-step ball milling and homogenization with the time of 9 h and 1 h, respectively, results in the smallest fiber size of 8.15 µm. The calculation results show that the size of microfibers fabricated via the developed method in this study has been reduced by 91.24% compared to the previous one, demonstrating the substantial effect when combining ball milling and homogenization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) clustering is a key component in cell signaling, yet little is known about the atomic-level features of this phenomenon. Network-theoretic analysis of multimicrosecond atomistic simulations of PIP2 containing asymmetric bilayers under protein-free conditions, presented here, reveals how design principles of PIP2 clustering are determined by the specific cation effects. Ca2+ generates large clusters (6% are pentamer or larger) by adding existing PIP2 dimers formed by strong O-Ca2+-O bridging interactions of unprotonated P4/P5 phosphates. In contrast, monovalent cations (Na+ and K+) form smaller and less-stable clusters by preferentially adding PIP2 monomers. Despite having the same net charge, the affinity to P4/P5 is higher for Na+, while affinity toward glycerol P1 is higher for K+. Consequently, a mixture of K+ and Ca2+ (as would be produced by Ca2+ influx) synergistically yields larger and more stable clusters than Ca2+ alone due to the different binding preferences of these cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]