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Avocado is one of the most commercialized and profitable fruits in the international market. Its cultivation and production are centered in countries characterized by tropical and subtropical climatic conditions, many of them with emerging economies. Moreover, the use of technology is key to agricultural production improvement strategies. Using avocado crop data to forecast the potential impacts of biotic and abiotic factors, combined with smart farming technologies, growers can apply measures during a single production phase to reduce the risks caused by pests and weather variations. Therefore, this paper aims to distinguish the most relevant variables related to agroclimatic and phytosanitary events in avocado crops, their incidence on production and risk management, as well as the emerging technologies used for the identification and analysis of pests and diseases in avocados. A scientific literature search was performed, and the first search found 608 studies, and once the screening process was applied, 37 papers were included in this review. In the results, three research questions were answered that described the pests and diseases with high impact on avocado production, along with the data sources and the principal enabling technologies used in the identification of agroclimatic and phytosanitary events in avocados. Some challenges and trends in the parameterization of the technology in field conditions for data collection are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Current recommendations for regional stroke destination suggest that patients with severe acute stroke in non‐urban areas should be triaged based on the estimated transport time to a referral thrombectomy‐capable center. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis to evaluate the association of pre‐hospital workflow times with neurological outcomes in patients included in the RACECAT trial. Workflow times evaluated were known or could be estimated before transport allocation. Primary outcome was the shift analysis on the modified Rankin score at 90 days. Results: Among the 1,369 patients included, the median time from onset to emergency medical service (EMS) evaluation, the estimated transport time to a thrombectomy‐capable center and local stroke center, and the estimated transfer time between centers were 65 minutes (interquartile ratio [IQR] = 43–138), 61 minutes (IQR = 36–80), 17 minutes (IQR = 9–27), and 62 minutes (IQR = 36–73), respectively. Longer time intervals from stroke onset to EMS evaluation were associated with higher odds of disability at 90 days in the local stroke center group (adjusted common odds ratio (acOR) for each 30‐minute increment = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.06), with no association in the thrombectomy‐capable center group (acOR for each 30‐minute increment = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98–1.01, pinteraction = 0.021). No significant interaction was found for other pre‐hospital workflow times. In patients evaluated by EMS later than 120 minutes after stroke onset, direct transport to a thrombectomy‐capable center was associated with better disability outcomes (acOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03–2.17). Conclusion: We found a significant heterogeneity in the association between initial transport destination and neurological outcomes according to the elapse of time between the stroke onset and the EMS evaluation (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02795962). ANN NEUROL 2022;92:931–942 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we present a study of optical, structural and chemical properties of semiconducting CdSe nanoparticles with an organic shell prepared by laser fragmentation of acetone dispersed CdSe powder. A Nd-YAG pulsed laser of 50 Hz frequency repetition and tuned at the first and second harmonic, λ = 1064 and 532 nm, was used for the ablation. The experiment was performed during 30 min at different power intensities. The nanoparticles processing was performed at different power intensities. An important difference in the size of the nanoparticles synthesized at the infrared (IR-line, 1064 nm) and green line (G-line 532 nm) was observed, being 12 nm for the samples processed with the infrared line and 3 nm for those processed with the green line. The emission and absorption of the samples goes over from 1.8 to almost 2.4 eV for the smallest particles. A complete characterization through UV–Vis Absorption, Photoluminescence, Raman, XRD, TEM and XPS is presented and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]