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Coupling between modes is crucial for generating coherent structures and spatiotemporal chaos in optical systems. In an ultrafast fiber laser with birefringence, the stable pulse is viewed as a vector soliton (VS) with two orthogonal modes nonlinearly coupled through the Kerr effect and gain/loss. However, the dynamics of a VS in the presence of linear coupling is unperceived despite linear coupling playing a significant role in various optical systems. Here, it is shown that a local linear coupling between polarization modes in lasers facilitates brand‐new nonlinear states, including stationary, breathing, and chaotic VSs. The observed solitary states can be regarded as emergent phenomena when two particles (polarization modes) in a system have a simple interaction (linear coupling), which are ubiquitous in biology, chemistry, and complex systems. It is found that linear coupling is essential for sustaining the internal balance between two modes within the VS. Chaotic dynamics of VS emerge under weak linear coupling, while the two modes lose trapping due to the birefringence in the absence of linear coupling. This work can offer new insight into the two‐mode nonlinear system and inspire research interests in the intelligent manipulation of ultrashort pulse lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, intercalation has become an effective way to modify the fundamental properties of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials. Using density functional theory, we systematically investigated the structures and electronic and magnetic properties of bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) intercalated with 3d TM atoms (TM = Sc–Ni), TM@BL_MS2 (M = Mo, V). Our results demonstrate that all the studied TM@BL_MS2s are of high stability, with large binding energies and high diffusion barriers of TM atoms. Interestingly, most TM@BL_MoS2s and TM@BL_VS2s are found to be stable ferromagnets. Among them, TM@BL_MoS2s (TM = Sc, Ti, Fe, Co) are ferromagnetic metals, TM@BL_MoS2 (TM = V, Cr) and TM@BL_VS2 (TM = Sc, V) are ferromagnetic half-metals, and the remaining systems are found to be ferromagnetic semiconductors. Exceptions are found for Ni@BL_MoS2 and Cr@BL_VS2, which are nonmagnetic semiconductors and ferrimagnetic half-metals, respectively. Further investigations reveal that the electromagnetic properties of TM@BL_MoS2 are significantly influenced by the concentration of intercalated TM atoms. Our study demonstrates that TM atom intercalation is an effective approach for manipulating the electromagnetic properties of two-dimensional materials, facilitating their potential applications in spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider regular automorphism groups of graphs in the RT2 family and the Davis‐Xiang family and amorphic abelian Cayley schemes from these graphs. We derive general results on the existence of non‐abelian regular automorphism groups from abelian regular automorphism groups and apply them to the RT2 family and Davis‐Xiang family and their amorphic abelian Cayley schemes to produce amorphic non‐abelian Cayley schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose three mode converters based on coupling of the fundamental mode and the first group higher-order modes in fiber tapers, angled fiber facets, and transversely dislocated fibers, respectively. The insertion loss and coupling efficiency of the fiber tapers are 0.541 dB and 10.6% respectively, which are much better than those of the angled fiber facets (2.4 dB and 2.9%) or the transversely dislocated fibers (1.2 dB and 5.6%). Cylindrical vector beams are delivered from an erbium-doped fiber laser after separately incorporating the mode converters into the cavity. The output spectra of three lasers are located at 1548.7 nm with the same 3-dB bandwidth of 0.03 nm, and spatial distributions are switchable between radially and azimuthally polarized states by adjusting the incident polarization state of the fundamental mode. The linear-cavity all-fiber lasers are capable of generating flexible and cost-effective cylindrical vector beams, which are quite attractive for fiber-based sensing and communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In article number 2300076, Yueqing Du, Dong Mao, Jianlin Zhao, and colleagues investigate the vector soliton under linear coupling introduced by a simple polarization controller in the fiber laser. B Emergent Phenomena of Vector Solitons Induced by the Linear Coupling b Vector solitons are ubiquitous in optical systems supporting two modes with nonlinear interactions. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we completely determine the irreducible characters of the four families of Suzuki p -groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A UV/TiO 2 -Bi advanced reduction process was established for the reduction of BrO 3 -. • Bi nanoparticles acted as hole trapping centers that enhanced the charge carrier separation. • A series of influencing factors were studied in detail. • 72% of 200 µg/L bromate was removed at 60 min in tap water at pH 6.8 and 7.7 mg/L DO. Recently, the heterogeneous advanced reduction processes (ARPs) for bromate (BrO 3 -) degradation have attracted considerable attention due to its stable performance and easy combination with UV disinfection. In this study, a UV/TiO 2 -Bi advanced reduction process (ARP) was established for BrO 3 - removal without adding external sacrificial agents. In the UV/TiO 2 -Bi ARP, Bi nanoparticles (NPs) doped on the TiO 2 acted as hole trapping centers, while TiO 2 NPs were used as reduction centers for the reduction of BrO 3 -, which enhanced the charge carrier separation. The UV/TiO 2 -Bi-1% ARP exhibited the highest BrO 3 - removal rate without the addition of sacrificial agents in the reaction solution compared to UV/TiO 2 ARP and the UV/TiO 2 -Bi ARP at other Bi/Ti ratios. The result of 72% removal of 200 µg/L BrO 3 - at 60 min by 0.2 g/L TiO 2 -Bi-1% in tap water at pH 6.8 and 7.71 mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO) demonstrates the promising potential of the UV/TiO 2 -Bi ARP for the removal of BrO 3 - in practical applications. Compared to the 99.5% removal in deionized (DI) water at 60 min, lower BrO 3 - reduction in tap water was likely attributed to the consumption of photo-generated electrons by NO 3 – and the adsorption of natural organic matter on the surface of TiO 2 -Bi-1% nanocomposites. The study provides not only a novel BrO 3 - removal system with good photo-reduction performance, but also some guidance for the influence of constituents in raw water on the treatment of BrO 3 -. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G, or A3G) and related cytidine deaminases such as apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3F (APOBEC3F, or A3F) are potent inhibitors of retroviruses. Formation of infectious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 requires suppression of multiple cytidine deaminases by Vif. HIV-1 Vif suppresses various APOBEC3 proteins through a common mechanism by recruiting Cullin5, ElonginB, and ElonginC E3 ubiquitin ligase to induce target protein polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Domains in Vif that mediate APOBEC3 recognition have not been fully characterized. In the present study, we identified a VxIPLx4–5LxΦx2YWxL motif in HIV-1 Vif, which is required for efficient interaction between Vif and A3G, Vif-mediated A3G degradation and virion exclusion, and functional suppression of the A3G antiviral activity. Amino acids 52 to 72 of HIV-1 Vif (including the VxIPLx4–5LxΦx2YWxL motif) alone could mediate interaction with A3G, and this interaction was abolished by mutations of two hydrophobic amino acids in this region. We have also observed that a Vif mutant was ineffective against A3G, yet it retained the ability to interact with Cullin5–E3 ubiquitin complex and A3G, suggesting that interaction with A3G is necessary but not sufficient to inhibit its antiviral function. Unlike the previously identified motif of HIV-1 Vif amino acids 40 to 44, which is only important for A3G suppression, the VxIPLx4–5LxΦx2YWxL motif is also required for efficient A3F interaction and suppression. On the other hand, another motif, TGERxW, of HIV-1 Vif amino acids 74 to 79 was found to be mainly important for A3F interaction and inhibition. Both the VxIPLx4–5LxΦx2YWxL and TGERxW motifs are highly conserved among HIV-1, HIV-2, and various simian immunodeficiency virus Vif proteins. Our data suggest that primate lentiviral Vif molecules recognize their autologous APOBEC3 proteins through conserved structural features that represent attractive targets for the development of novel inhibitors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Currently, no suitable clinical drugs are available for patients with neurodegenerative diseases complicated by depression. Based on a fusion technique to create effective multi–target–directed ligands (MTDLs), we synthesized a series of (R)–N–(benzo[d]thiazol–2–yl)–2–(1–phenyl–3,4–dihydroisoquinolin–2(1H)–yl) acetamides with substituted benzothiazoles and (S)–1–phenyl–1,2,3,4–tetrahydroisoquinoline. All compounds were tested for their inhibitory potency against monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase (ChE) by in vitro enzyme activity assays, and further tested for their specific inhibitory potency against monoamine oxidase B (MAO–B) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Among them, six compounds (4b–4d, 4f, 4g and 4i) displayed excellent activity. The classical antidepressant forced swim test (FST) was used to verify the in vitro results, revealing that six compounds reduced the immobility time significantly, especially compound 4g. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed by the MTT method and Acridine Orange (AO) staining, with cell viability found to be above 90% at effective compound concentrations, and not toxic to L929 cells reversibility, kinetics and molecular docking studies were also performed using compound 4g, which showed the highest MAO–B and BuChE inhibitory activities. The results of these studies showed that compound 4g binds to the primary interaction sites of both enzymes and has good blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. This study provides new strategies for future research on neurodegenerative diseases complicated by depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As climate warming intensifies, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a national consensus for many countries. Green finance plays an important role in promoting energy efficiency and lowering such emissions, but there is scant literature that analyzes the impacts and mechanisms of green finance on energy efficiency. Based on China's provincial panel data from 2010 to 2018, this research measures the green finance index using the panel entropy weighting method and systematically evaluates the relationship between green finance and energy efficiency using the fixed-effects model. The results show the following. (1) Green finance significantly contributes to energy efficiency and remains the same after a series of robustness tests such as endogeneity treatment, replacement of explanatory and interpreted variables, and replacement of regression models. (2) Green technology innovation and energy structure optimization are the transmission mechanism of green finance for energy efficiency, which means that green finance improves energy efficiency by promoting green technology innovation and energy structure optimization. (3) There is regional heterogeneity, temporal heterogeneity, and industry heterogeneity in the impact of green finance on energy efficiency. The positive effects of green finance on energy efficiency are more pronounced in resource-dependent regions, regions with irrational industrial structure, north regions, industrial sectors, and after 2013. The conclusions of this paper offer some policy recommendations, including promoting the development of green finance, building a cooperation platform for green finance and technological innovation, enhancing the depth and breadth of renewable energy utilization, and building differentiated green finance strategies according to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retinoblastoma gene ( RB1 ) has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in multiple myeloma (MM), yet its role remains unclear because in the majority of cases with 13q14 deletions, un-mutated RB1 remains expressed from the retained allele. To explore the role of Rb1 in MM, we examined the functional consequences of single- and double-copy Rb1 loss in germinal center B cells, the cells of origin of MM. We generated mice without Rb1 function in germinal center B cells by crossing Rb1 Flox/Flox with C-γ-1-Cre (Cγ1) mice expressing the Cre recombinase in class-switched B cells in a p107 −/− background to prevent p107 from compensating for Rb1 loss ( Cγ1-Rb1 F/F -p107 −/− ). All mice developed normally, but B cells with two copies of Rb1 deleted ( Cγ1-Rb1 F/F -p107 −/− ) exhibited increased proliferation and cell death compared with Cγ1-Rb1 +/+ -p107 −/− controls ex vivo. In vivo, Cγ1-Rb1 F/F -p107 −/− mice had a lower percentage of splenic B220+ cells and reduced numbers of bone marrow antigen-specific secreting cells compared with control mice. Our data indicate that Rb1 loss induces both cell proliferation and death in germinal center B cells. Because no B-cell malignancies developed after 1 year of observation, our data also suggest that Rb1 loss is not sufficient to transform post-germinal center B cells and that additional, specific mutations are likely required to cooperate with Rb1 loss to induce malignant transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superior performance of ctDNA by methylation could be due to two reasons: First, ctDNA detection by methylation is only cell-type specific and independent from the individualized mutation profile of each tumour, helping to normalize tumour-specific signal and to "rescue" the detective power for tumours without canonical hotspot or targetable mutations. Tumour recurrence was found in 27.3% (3/11) of patients who are methylation-positive but somatic-mutation-negative with a median RFS of 384 days (95% CI: 356-Inf), or 62.5% (10/16) of patients who are double-positive for somatic mutation as well as DNAm, with a median RFS of 242 days (95% CI: 77-Inf.). Overall, when considering both tumour-derived and tumour-associated, immune-related signals, DNAm was positive in 78.1% (50/64) of samples, whereas cfDNA mutation was positive in 50.0% (32/64) of samples. (B) Somatic hotspot mutation cascade plot in post-surgery blood. gl Mean frequency of CRC-specific DNAm haplotypes, or the mean VAF of tumour-specific somatic mutation (including structural variation) (Figure 2B), were independently used to derive tumour fraction (TF) in cfDNA. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed urological malignant tumor. The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is highly conserved in mammals and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. YAP is one of major key effectors of the Hippo pathway. However, the mechanism supporting abnormal YAP expression in bladder cancer remains to be characterized. Methods: Western blot was used to measure the expression of MINDY1 and YAP, while the YAP target genes were measured by real-time PCR. CCK8 assay was used to detect the cell viability. The xeno-graft tumor model was used for in vivo study. Protein stability assay was used to detect YAP protein degradation. Immuno-precipitation assay was used to detect the interaction domain between MINDY1 and YAP. The ubiquitin-based Immuno-precipitation assays were used to detect the specific ubiquitination manner happened on YAP. Results: In the present study, we identified MINDY1, a DUB enzyme in the motif interacting with ubiquitin-containing novel DUB family, as a bona fide deubiquitylase of YAP in bladder cancer. MINDY1 was shown to interact with, deubiquitylate, and stabilize YAP in a deubiquitylation activity-dependent manner. MINDY1 depletion significantly decreased bladder cancer cell proliferation. The effects induced by MINDY1 depletion could be rescued by further YAP overexpression. Depletion of MINDY1 decreased the YAP protein level and the expression of YAP/TEAD target genes in bladder cancer, including CTGF, ANKRD1 and CYR61. Conclusion: In general, our findings establish a previously undocumented catalytic role for MINDY1 as a deubiquitinating enzyme of YAP and provides a possible target for the therapy of bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The FE model of the propeller-shaft system is established, whose accuracy is validated through the experiments. • The underwater sound radiation characteristics of the vessel under different directions excitation are studied, including axial excitation, transverse and vertical ones. We found that the natural modes of the propulsion system, especially the bending mode of the propeller, play a key role in the vibro-acoustic responses. • The excitation from the propeller blade is found to be amplified by the propulsion system, and we found that, at low-frequency range, this amplification effect is more remarkable when the direction of the excitation is an axial one than the transverse and vertical ones. • The radiated sound power of the hull structure is compared with that of the propeller at low-frequency range, in which the flow-induced noise is taken into account. We found that although the sound power portion radiated directly from the propeller structure is not so remarkable as that of the hull itself, the magnitude of the flow-induced noise is significant, especially in transverse- and vertical excitation cases. The radiated noise induced by the unsteady propeller forces is an important part of the vessel's total acoustic radiation. Therefore, understanding the role of propeller-shafting system in force transmission characteristics is necessary investigate the underwater vibro-acoustic responses of a vessel. This study compared the contribution of hull and propeller-shafting system to the radiated sound power under the propeller forces in different directions. First, a finite element/boundary element (FE/BE) model of a hull with relatively detailed substructures was developed to study the system's vibro-acoustic characteristics, in which the pulsating pressure at the propeller blade was transmitted to the hull through the propulsion system. The accuracy of the model was validated by experimental results. Second, finite element/boundary element method (FEM/BEM) was used to study the vibro-acoustic characteristics of the submerged system and the amplification effects of the propeller-shafting system. Finally, the radiated sound power of the propeller and the hull were compared, considering the flow-induced noise generated by the water surrounding the propeller. Results show that while it is reasonable to ignore the sound power generated by the elastic propeller structure, the flow-induced noise still needs to be considered, especially when the forces are applied to the propeller in the transverse and vertical directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluid added mass and damping are significant parameters when predicting the dynamic response of a submerged structure. The hydrodynamic damping of underwater rotating machinery is numerically and experimentally investigated by a zero-thrust propeller in this paper. The lifting surface method(LSM) combined with forced vibration was introduced as the numerical method to compute the corresponding unsteady thrust, while the experimental method of measuring added damping was accomplished by a propeller undergoing rotation combined heave motion. Results of the theoretical method are in good agreement with the experimental results before cavitation occurs, as cavitation is regarded to weaken the unsteady response of the propeller partly. The calculation results also show that both the frequency ratio(vibration frequency divided by rotation frequency) and the blade angle have a significant influence on the hydrodynamic damping. Therefore, the effect of blade angle on hydrodynamic damping should be considered during the design phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a pivotal regulator, cyclin D3 gives play to a crucial value in conversion from the G1 stage to the S stage of cell cycle, which is implicated in tumor progression, especially proliferation and migration. Recent literatures have reported that cyclin D3 could predict survival time of malignancy patients. But, its prognostic role of cyclin D3 in neoplasms remains controversial. Methods: Databases involving EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were carefully searched, and literatures investigating the prognostic effect of aberrantly expressing cyclin D3 among human cancers were collected for further analysis. We used both hazards ratios and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the connection among the survival rate of malignancy patients and the expression of cyclin D3. Results: There were 13 eligible researches involving 16 cohorts and 2395 participants which were included in this study. The outcomes suggested that highly expressing cyclin D3 was significantly correlated with worse clinical prognosis of overall survival (HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.31–2.69) and disease specific survival (HR 2.68; 95% CI 1.35–5.31). But there existed no significant connection between the elevated expression of cyclin D3 with disease free survival (HR 2.65; 95% CI 0.83–8.46), recurrence-free survival (HR 2.86; 95% CI 0.82–9.96) and progression-free survival (HR 5.24; 95% CI 0.46–60.25) of diffident kinds of malignancy patients. Moreover, we discovered that elevated cyclin D3 expression was significantly connected with decreased overall survival in lymphoma (HR 3.72; 95% CI 2.18–6.36) while no significant relevance between highly expressing cyclin D3 and the overall survival in breast cancer was obtained (HR 2.12; 95% CI 0.76–5.91). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that highly expressing cyclin D3 might be an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for various malignancy patients, which can make great contributions to the clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]