Search

Pearl color is an important factor influencing pearl value, and is affected by the nacre color of the shell in Hyriopsis cumingii. Coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase (CPOX) is a key enzyme in porphyrin synthesis, and porphyrins are involved in color formation in different organisms, including in the nacre color of mussels. In this study, a CPOX gene (HcCPOX) was identified from H. cumingii, and its amino acid sequence was found to contain a coprogen-oxidase domain. HcCPOX mRNA was expressed widely in the tissues of white and purple mussels, and the highest expression was found in the gill, followed by the fringe mantle. The expression of HcCPOX in all tissues of purple mussels (except in the middle mantle) was higher than that of white mussels. Strong hybridization signals for HcCPOX were observed in the dorsal epithelial cells of the outer fold of the mantle. The activity of CPOX in the gill, fringe mantle, and foot of purple mussels was significantly higher than that in white mussels. Moreover, the expression of HcCPOX and CPOX activity were decreased in RNA interference experiments. The findings indicate that HcCPOX might contributes to nacre color formation in H. cumingii by being involved in porphyrin synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, ELMAN artificial neural network model was developed to predict the change of NH3-N in aquaculture wafer. The indexes including teed ration , dissolved oxygen in wafer , wafer temperature , air temperature , wafer turbidity , rainfall were recorded and chosen as the input variables , while the NH3-N content in the corresponding pond was chosen as output variable. The above data were collected evetyday from June to October in 2014 and were used to develop model in this test , and the data collected in November of 2014 were chosen to evaluate the developed model. The results showed that the changing trend of NH3-N in aquaculture wafer could be simulated well by the model , the predictive absolute error mean was 0.016 mg/L , and Nash-Sufcliffe efficiency coefficient was 0.74. The prediction model based on ELMAN neural network had a strong ability to describe the nonlinear dynamic changes of NH3-N content in aquaculture wafer , and if showed the good adaptability and accuracy in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the malignant tumor with the fastest progression rate in breast cancer. LncRNAs are widely involved in various biological characteristics of tumor. The purpose of this study was to mine LncRNAs that can be used to diagnose and evaluate the prognosis of TNBC. Base on TCGA dataset, we used three R language packages to analyze the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs in TNBC. Survival analysis and ROC curve analysis were conducted to estimate the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of LncRNAs for TNBC. Furthermore, CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to assess the effects of LncRNA on MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation and migration. Additionally, targets mRNAs of candidate LncRNA were predicted by co-expression analysis and multiple target gene prediction databases, then KEGG pathway and GO analysis were conducted using DAVID online tool. 6165 DERNAs and 1258 DElncRNAs were obtained. 40 LncRNAs were significantly correlated with the survival time of TNBC patients. Among them, HAGLROS has the highest HR value. ROC curve analysis also showed that HAGLROS had high sensitivity and specificity. Further in vitro experiments showed that downregulation of HAGLROS inhibited the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, by conducting bioinformatics analysis, we found that these target genes of HAGLROS were involved in regulating five signaling pathways. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that HAGLROS might regulate the expression of PAX5 through miR-330–5p, the effects of miR-330–5p in MDA-MB-231 cells were also analyzed.Conclusion: Our results showed that HAGLROS was significantly overexpressed in TNBC, and high HAGLROS expression predicted poor overall survival. Downregulation of HAGLROS could inhibite the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cell by regulating PAX5 expression through miR-330–5p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple sensitive and quick assay to simultaneously determine Aloe-emodin (AE) and Rhein (RH) has been described based on their natural fluorescence. Due to their similar molecule structures, it is difficult to analysis and determine their contents by conventional fluorometry. Overlapping of fluorescence spectra was resolved by using synchronous fluorometry. The synchronous spectrum, maintaining a constant difference of Δλ=25 nm between the emission and excitation wavelengths, has been selected as optimum to perform the determination. This method was applied to the simultaneous determination of AE and RH in simulated mixtures. Analytical recoveries range from 94.5 to 105.5% for AE and from 98.7 to 107.5% for RH. At the same time, the content of AE abstracted from Cassitora L. was successfully analyzed. The results were satisfactory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Simple Summary: Different culturing modes have adopted different living spaces, foods, shelter, substrates, and surroundings for and human actions regarding animals. The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is one of most economically important turtles, and healthier culturing modes should be applied for high-quality aquatic products to remit serious environmental and health problems. The differences in growth performance, physiological indices, and related gene expression were compared between two culturing modes in the present study. The results indicated that rice–turtle-co-cultured turtles with limited natural foods grew slower than pond-cultured turtles fed with commercial feeds. The creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and catalase were higher in co-cultured turtles than pond-cultured turtles. More differentially expressed genes were related to environmental information processing, metabolism, and human diseases when comparing pond-cultured turtles and co-cultured turtles. P. sinensis can adapt to different culture modes by adjusting their growth and physiology over a short culture period, and rice–turtle co-culturing proves to be a healthier culturing mode for turtles within the proper culturing strategies. The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is an important freshwater aquaculture turtle due to its taste and nutritional and medicinal value. More ecological culturing modes, such as rice–turtle co-culture, should be developed to meet the ecological benefit demand. We compared growth, physiological parameters, and transcriptome data to detect the physiological responses and regulatory mechanisms of pond-cultured turtles as compared to co-cultured turtles. The co-cultured turtles grew slower than pond-cultured turtles. The gonadosomatic index of co-cultured male turtles was lower than that of pond-cultured male turtles, and both the mesenteric fat index and limb fat index were lower in co-cultured turtles than in pond-cultured turtles (p < 0.05). The blood GLU of the co-cultured turtles was significantly lower than the GLU of the pond-cultured turtles (p < 0.05), while the values of CRE, UA, BUN, AKP, ACP, GOT, and CAT were higher in the co-cultured turtles than in the pond-cultured turtles (p < 0.05). In total, 246 and 598 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the brain and gut from turtles cultured in the two different modes, respectively. More DEGs were related to environmental information processing, metabolism, and human diseases. In the brain, the top enriched pathways of DEGs included the longevity regulating pathway, glycerolipid metabolism, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, while in the gut, the top enriched pathways of DEGs included the cell cycle, DNA replication, cellular senescence, and p53 signaling pathway. The turtles acclimated to the different culturing conditions by adjusting their growth, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and related gene expression during a short culture period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on CD25 expression, T follicular helper cells (Tfh) could be divided into T follicular regulatory (Tfr)-like subset (CD25+CD4+CXCR5+) and CD25− Tfh subset (CD25−CD4+CXCR5+). Patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) display high level of Tfr-like cells in blood and tumor. This Tfr-like subset could suppress CD8 T cell response while promote tumor cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the transcription factors and regulatory elements associated with Tfr-like cells in DLBCL patients. Both circulating and tumor-infiltrating Tfr-like cells presented slightly higher Blimp-1 expression and significantly higher Foxp3 expression than the CD25− Tfh subset. As the IL-2 receptor, CD25 could be moderately upregulated in stimulated CD25− Tfh cells. However, stimulated CD25− Tfh cells could not upregulate Foxp3, indicating that the distinction between Foxp3-low CD25−CXCR5+CD4+ T cells and Foxp3-high CD25+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells was not due to differences in stimulation status. Regarding cytokine production, while both Tfr-like and CD25− Tfh cells upregulated IL-21 and IL-10 during stimulation, the CD25− Tfh cells presented significantly higher IL-21 and lower IL-10 expression than the Tfr-like cells, and the TGF-β expression was only increased in Tfr-like cells. Interestingly, IL-21 secreted from CD25− Tfh cells negatively regulated the expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 of autologous Tfr-like cells. Together, these results demonstrated that the Tfr-like and CD25− Tfh subsets of circulating Tfh cells presented different functions and should be investigated separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucocalyxin A, a novel potent negative Akt regulator, is a major active constituent of Rabdosia japonica. A simple, specific and sensitive ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of glaucocalyxin A in rat plasma, lung and brain tissues after intravenous administration. Sample preparation was carried out through a simple liqiud–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate using bullatine A as internal standard. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (3.0 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid in a gradient elution. Mass spectrometry analysis was conducted in positive ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 333.2 → 157.1 for glaucocalyxin A and m/z 344.2 → 128.1 for IS. Calibration curves were linear over the ranges of 20.0–4000 ng/mL for both plasma and tissue samples (r 2 > 0.99). The Lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.284 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision relative standard deviation (RSD%) were <14.9%, while the accuracy ranged from −12.5 to 17.0% for LLOQ and quality control samples. This UHPLC–MS/MS method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics, lung and brain tissue distributions of glaucocalyxin A after intravenous administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Currently, research on oligosaccharides primarily focuses on the physiological activity and function, with a few studies elaborating on the spatial distribution characterization and variation in the processing of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. Thus, imaging the spatial distributions and dynamic changes in oligosaccharides during the steaming process is significant for characterizing the metabolic networks of R. glutinosa. It will be beneficial to characterize the impact of steaming on the active ingredients and distribution patterns in different parts of the plant. Methods: A highly sensitive matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry image (MALDI‐MSI) method was used to visualize the spatial distribution of oligosaccharides in processed R. glutinosa. Furthermore, machine learning was used to distinguish the processed R. glutinosa samples obtained under different steaming conditions. Results: Imaging results showed that the oligosaccharides in the fresh R. glutinosa were mainly distributed in the cortex and xylem. As steaming progressed, the tetra‐ and pentasaccharides were hydrolyzed and diffused gradually into the tissue section. MALDI‐MS profiling combined with machine learning was used to identify the processed R. glutinosa samples accurately at different steaming intervals. Eight algorithms were used to build classification machine learning models, which were evaluated for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The linear discriminant analysis and random forest models performed the best, with prediction accuracies of 0.98 and 0.97, respectively, and thus can be considered for identifying the steaming durations of R. glutinosa. Conclusions: MALDI‐MSI combined with machine learning can be used to visualize the distribution of oligosaccharides and identify the processed samples after steaming for different durations. This can enhance our understanding of the metabolic changes that occur during the steaming process of R. glutinosa; meanwhile, it is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the standardization and modernization of processing in the field of medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted an 8-week feeding trial to investigate the effect of mixed functional oligosaccharides (chitosan oligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, and xylooligosaccharide) extracted from wheat straw on the growth, feeding, physiology, histology, muscle texture, and gut microbiota of Micropterus salmoides. Six diets were formulated by incrementally adding mixed functional oligosaccharides (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/kg) to the control diet. 30 individuals with initial body weight of 25.1 ± 3.5 g were randomly allocated to 6 triplicate tanks and fed to apparent satiation twice daily. The fish fed 1.0 mg/kg additives displayed maximum growth, and the feed conversion ratio decreased with the increase in additives from 0 to 1.0 mg/kg (P < 0.05) but did not decline further with the addition of more than 1.0 mg/kg (P > 0.05). The villus height and width were significantly higher in the supplementation groups than in the control group, while the gut and liver structures presented abnormalities with excessive supplementation above 1.5 mg/kg. There were significant differences in muscle texture indices for M. salmoides over the fed additive gradient, and the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were highest in the 1.0 mg/kg group. High oligosaccharide levels, such as 2.0 mg/kg, decreased the LZM level, while there were no significant differences in the SOD and MDA levels. Gut microbiome analysis revealed no significant differences in richness and diversity for groups fed the functional oligosaccharide gradient; however, the PCoA results showed that the microbial community composition changed markedly in response to different addition levels, and the 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg supplementation groups were far apart from the lower and higher supplementation groups. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was lower in the 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg addition groups, while that of the phyla Fusobacteria and Firmicutes were higher in these two groups. Functional classification showed that microbes related to carbohydrate metabolism were more abundant in the 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg groups than in the other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) constitute the critical barrier to the cure of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to their chemoresistance and immune evasion property. Herein, the role of anlotinib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in killing LSCs and regulating chemoresistance and immune evasion was explored. Anlotinib treatment induced apoptosis of LSC-like cells as well as primary AML LSCs, while sparing the normal mononuclear cells in vitro. Moreover, anlotinib could impair the regeneration capacity of LSCs in the patient-derived leukemia xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, anlotinib inhibited phosphorylation of c-kit, JAK2/STAT3, and STAT5, and downregulated STAT3 and STAT5 expression. In addition, anlotinib downregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and upregulated Bax, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of LSCs to idarubicin in vitro. Intriguingly, anlotinib could also partially rescue the interferon-g production of T cells cocultured with LSCs by downregulating PD-L1 expression. In conclusion, anlotinib showed anti-LSC activity and the potential to enhance the sensitivity to idarubicin and inhibit the immunosuppressive feature of LSCs via JAK2/STAT signaling pathway downregulation in the preclinical study. Our results provided a rational basis for combinatory strategies involving anlotinib and chemotherapy or immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is an important commercial species for their high nutritional value and unique taste, but it has been a vulnerable species due to habitat loss. In this study, homologous juvenile turtles were allocated to lake, pond and paddy field to investigate the habitat effects on turtles. Results: The growth, morphology and gut microbial communities were monitored during the 4 months cultural period. It showed higher growth rate of turtles in paddy field and pond. The appearance, visceral coefficients, gut morphology and microbial communities in turtles were distinct among different habitats. The microbial community richness on Chao1 was obviously lower in initial turtle guts from greenhouses, whereas it was relative higher in turtle guts sampled from paddy fields than ponds and lake. Significant differences on dominant microbes were found among initial and subsequent samples from different habitats. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in the guts of turtles sampled from the greenhouse initially, while Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum after cultivation in different habitats, followed by Bacteroidetes. The microbial composition were distinct in different habitats at 60d, and the appearance of dominant phyla and genera was more driven by sampling time than habitats at 120d. Both the sampling time and habitats affected the appearance of dominant phyla and genera during the cultivation. The functional predictions indicated that both habitat type and sampling time had significant effects on metabolic pathways, especially amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusions: The turtles could adapt to natural lakes, artificial ponds and paddy fields. The gut microbial abundance was different among the habitats and sampling time. The species of microbes were significantly more diverse in paddy field specimens than in those from ponds and lakes. Rice-turtle coculture is a potential ecological and economic farming mode that plays important roles in wild turtle protection and food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To fundamentally improve the energy efficiency of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools, it is essential to study the energy saving in the design stage. The spindle system is one of the most important energy consumers of CNC lathe, and the optimization design for spindle is considered an effective energy saving strategy. However, little research has focused on this issue, and most previous optimization design methods aimed at improving the machining performance such as deformation and vibration. Since previous studies paid little attention to energy saving design, we attempt to consider the energy consumption in the spindle design stage. First, the energy consumption function of the spindle is built, and the optimization objectives are selected. The structure parameters that significantly affect the optimization objectives are determined as the design variables. Then, on the basis of the effective fitting method and dimensionality reduction, a comprehensive objective is defined. Finally, the biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm is adopted to optimize the proposed model. The results indicate that the proposed method can reduce the energy consumption and improve the static and dynamic performance. The impact of the design variables on the objectives is discussed, which provides the guidance for the spindle optimization design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

American ginseng, a precious classic herbal medicine, is used extensively in China for life prolongation purpose. This study aimed to elucidate the structure and anti-inflammatory activity of a neutral polysaccharide isolated from American ginseng (AGP-A). Nuclear magnetic resonance in conjunction with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to analyze AGP-A's structure, whereas Raw264.7 cell and zebrafish models were employed to assess its anti-inflammatory activity. According to the results, AGP-A has a molecular weight of 5561 Da and is primarily consisted of glucose. Additionally, linear α -(1 → 4)-glucans with α -D-Glcp-(1 → 6)- α -Glcp-(1→ residues linked to the backbone at C-6 formed the backbone of AGP-A. Furthermore, AGP-A significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in Raw264.7 cell model. AGP-A in zebrafish model significantly lower the massive recruitment of neutrophils to the neuromast of the caudal lateral line. Inflammation may be relieved by the AGP-A component in American ginseng based on these results. In conclusion, our study shows the structural characterization, remarkable anti-inflammatory properties of AGP-A and its potential curative efficacy as a safe, valid natural anti-inflammatory medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multistage fracturing horizontal well is the main method of shale oil development. However, significant differences are observed between fracturing stages productivity due to reservoir heterogeneity. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate reservoir heterogeneity characterization in hydraulic fracturing design so that ineffective clusters can be minimized. Taking the Jimusar formation as example, we apply an integrated fracturing design workflow that considers reservoir heterogeneity characteristics through sweet spot mapping to arrive at the optimum fracturing treatment. The geological and geomechanics models are constructed utilizing logs and core laboratory tests, from which the geological sweet spot (GSS) and engineering sweet spot (ESS) mapping are obtained. The GSS and ESS are later classified with respect to three different levels: type I (good), type II (medium) and type III (poor), based on which four sweet spot combinations are selected for fracturing design. Unconventional fracture model (UFM) is applied for the generation of complex fracture network, and performs productivity evaluation through reservoir numerical simulation. The simulation results suggest that to maximize the fluid withdrawal within stimulated region by reducing the productivity difference between stages, the fracturing scale of the stage containing type I GSS combination should be smaller than that of type II/III GSS in jimusar formation. And for regions with the same type GSS, the fracturing scale containing the type I ESS combination should be kept smaller than that of the type II/III ESS. The workflow will be helpful for the reservoir engineers in developing a reasonable fracturing plan that maximizes production performance or economic benefit for shale oil in future operations. • The proposed workflow adds sweet spot mapping of Lucaogou formation compared to existing processes. • The positive correlation is determined between fluid production and sweet spot distribution in the fracturing stages. • The fracturing parameters are determined by sweet spot mapping, which will be beneficial to oil production. • Fracturing parameters of a well redesigned based on proposed results, and the cumulative oil increased by 5390 m3 in 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical pressure CO2 in vertical heating tube with 10 mm inner diameter under high mass flux were investigated by using an SST k-ω turbulent model. The influences of inlet temperature, heat flux, mass flux, buoyancy and flow acceleration on the heat transfer of supercritical pressure CO2 were discussed. Our results show that the buoyancy and flow acceleration effect based on single phase fluid assumption fail to explain the current simulation results. Here, supercritical pseudo-boiling theory is introduced to deal with heat transfer of scCO2. scCO2 is treated to have a heterogeneous structure consisting of vapor-like fluid and liquid-like fluid. A physical model of scCO2 heat transfer in vertical heating tube was established containing a gas-like layer near the wall and a liquid-like fluid layer. Detailed distribution of thermophysical properties and turbulence in radial direction show that scCO2 heat transfer is greatly affected by the thickness of gas-like film, thermal properties of gas-like film and turbulent kinetic energy in the near-wall region. Buoyancy parameters Bu < 10−5, Bu* < 5.6 × 10−7 and flow acceleration parameter Kv < 3 × 10−6 in this paper, which indicate that buoyancy effect and flow acceleration effect has no influence on heat transfer of scCO2 under high mass fluxes. This work successfully explains the heat transfer mechanism of supercritical fluid under high mass flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is one of the most important freshwater cultural species in China. However, obesity, fatty liver and digestive tract inflammation commonly exist in commercial grass carp, which may be due to excessive food and energy intake in daily feeding. Therefore, the feeding strategy should adapt to fish appetite, nutrition requirements and welfare in intensive aquaculture. To investigate the effects of feeding frequency on growth, physiology and metabolism-related fgf21 expression to provide a reference for the selection of feeding strategy, healthy and homogeneous juvenile grass carp (45.2 ± 2.5 g) were randomly divided and adapted to four feeding frequencies of 1, 2, 3 or 4 times/day following satiated feeding for 8 weeks. The growth rate increased with increasing feeding frequency. The hepatosomatic and abdominal fat-somatic indexes were higher in the higher feeding frequency groups, while the gut-somatic index was higher in the low feeding frequency groups (P < 0.05). The actual feeding ration increased from 1.3% to 3.5% with increasing feeding frequency (P < 0.05), and the feed conservation ratio increased from 1.5 to 2.3, but there was no significant difference between 3 and 4 meals/day (P ˃0.05). The levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol also increased with increasing feeding frequency, while glycogen levels were higher in the 1 time/day group in both liver and muscle. The activities of digestive enzymes were higher in the high feeding frequency groups. Fgf21 gene expression was relatively low in the low feeding frequency group in all tissues, and the expression levels increased with increasing feeding frequency in the liver and muscle. Overall, the optimal feeding frequency to enhance the growth and health of juvenile grass carp is 3 times/day under apparent satiation. • The optimal feeding frequency for juvenile grass carp is 3 times/day under apparent satiation. • High feeding frequency had adverse effects for grass carp with artificial diets. • The feed intake of each meal was differ under various feeding frequencies. • The expression of fgf21 responded to different feeding frequency, especially in muscle and liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who resist or fail to respond to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) show very poor outcomes and have no effective treatment strategies. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed for MDS patients harboring adverse prognostic factors. Repurposing disulfiram (DSF), an alcohol-abuse drug, with or without Copper (Cu) has attracted considerable attentions as a candidate anti-tumor therapy in diverse malignancies. However, the effect of DSF in the presence or absence of Cu on MDS has not been reported yet. In this study, we found that monotherapy with DSF showed mild cytotoxic effects on MDS preclinical models. However, the anti-tumor activity of DSF was significantly enhanced in the presence of Cu in MDS in vitro and in vivo with minimal safety profiles. DSF/Cu combination blocked MDS cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase, accompanied by reduction of the S phase. Accordingly, co-treatment with DSF and Cu downregulated the expression of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin A2, whereas this combination upregulated the level of P21 and P27. Mechanistically, the anti-MDS effectiveness of DSF/Cu was potentially associated with activation of the ER stress-related Bip pathway and inactivation of the Akt pathway. In addition, inhibition of autophagy process also contributed to the cytotoxicity of DSF/Cu in MDS cells. In conclusion, these findings provide impressive evidence that the DSF/Cu complex shows potent anti-tumor efficacies on MDS preclinical models, representing a potential alternative therapy for MDS patients and warranting further investigation in clinical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase of energy price and environment problem, the energy consumption of machine tool is attracting more attention. The moving components of machine tools consume a large amount of energy in the operating stage. Structure optimization of moving components is a key strategy for energy saving in machine tools design. Traditionally, structural optimization of machine tools is carried out for reducing energy consumption or improving static and dynamic performance. Given that these factors are important to the structure optimization in machine tools design, this paper presents a structural design optimization method for comprehensively considering energy consumption, static and dynamic performance of machine tool. Firstly, the energy consumption model of the moving components is proposed, and the structural performance indicators of the moving components are analyzed. Then, based on the experiment data obtained by uniform design method, five structure parameters that have great influence on performance indicators are selected as decision variables through sensitivity analysis. To improve the computation efficiency, approximation functional relationship between the five decision variables and the four performance indicators are built through response surface method (RSM). After that, an optimization objective is formulated by combining the four performance indicators through principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, a new hybrid algorithm which integrates Simulated Annealing (SA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed to solve the structure optimization problem. Through calculation and analysis, it is found that there is a linear relationship between the moving part mass and energy consumption. The results show that the energy consumption of optimized structure is reduced while ensuring the static and dynamic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]