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Background: Prostate cancer is considered the most common malignant neoplasm in males worldwide and the 2nd important reason for cancer-related male deaths after bronchogenic carcinoma. Objective: The purpose of this research is to assess how diffusion weighted image (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value characterise prostatic cysts, senile prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and the normal prostatic gland. Patients and methods: We enrolled 60 cases with suspicious prostatic lesions,20 cases with benign prostatic hypertrophy, 20 cases prostate cancer and 20 with prostatic cyst along with 20 controls. All underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostatic assessment and Trans-rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided biopsy. Results: Prostate cancer had a considerably lower mean ADC value (p-value < 0.001) than normal central gland (CG), peripheral zone (PZ), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) nodules. The ADC value of the PZ tissue had been substantially higher than that of the normal central zone (CZ) (p<0.001). While the prostatic cyst's ADC value was much greater than CZ's (p < 0.001), the BPH lesion's ADC value had been significantly lower than CZ's (p < 0.001). Conclusions: DWI has been a useful tool for gathering information on the tissue properties of the prostate's various anatomical zones. In contrast to normal tissue, BPH, and prostate cysts, prostate carcinoma cause restricted diffusion of water, which may be used in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die shift in fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) is a major roadblock, limiting package scaling and performance. It not only limits the wire pitch but also results in reliability problems and yield loss. In this work, we systematically investigate and predict the in-plane and out-of-plane die shift through numerical and experimental analysis in FlexTrate, which is a flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) platform based on FOWLP for flexible heterogeneous integration. First, the in-plane die shift is studied through simulation of the molding process and the substrate cure shrinkage. The molding process is simulated through a fluid analysis which explores the shear force. In addition, a thermo-mechanical analysis simulates the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) curing process followed by handler release. Based on this model, the effect of die size, die spacing, die thickness, and PDMS thickness on die shift are analyzed. The results indicate that smaller die size has a larger impact on die shift compared to the other factors. The predicted die shift is compared with the experimental results to verify the validity. Further, the experimental characterization of out-of-plane die shift is analyzed through the study of substrate warpage and die placement force which reveal the deleterious effect of high temperature processes. Finally, using the developed numerical model, the die placement is optimized for a surface electromyography (sEMG) system. This detailed analysis sheds light on the various factors which influence die shift, and hence is an important step to push the boundaries of current FHE to new limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite being an uncommon form of abdominal neoplasia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most prevalent mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal system. Objective: This research aimed to identify the predictors of malignancy on computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) by correlating CT findings with the mitotic index. Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the radiological and pathological results of forty-five patients who had a histopathological diagnosis of GIST. All underwent post contrast CT for the abdomen and pelvis. Results: There was a significant correlation among mitotic count and sex, area of necrosis, contour, mesenteric fat infiltration, and distant metastasis with p value < 0.05. The sensitivity of the 20% cut-off value was 74.2%, the specificity was 85.7%, and the accuracy was 77.8%. The sensitivity of 10% cut-off value was 93.5%, the specificity was 78.6%, and the accuracy was 88.9%. Out of 45 patients with GIST lesions, 39 (86.7%) had radiological findings that agreed with the pathological mitotic count. Six patients (13.3%) had mismatches (four favoring pathology and two favoring radiology). Conclusions: Although, pathology remains the cornerstone in having the final verdict regarding the malignant potential of GIST, the CT-based approach seems to be effective for risk stratification prior to surgery and treatment. This approach in conjunction with other risk variables such as patient age and morbidities could be helpful for a better management of GIST patients, to address them to the best tailored treatment at the time of diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been sustained interest in bifacial solar cell technology since 1980s, with prospects of 30–50% increase in the output power from a stand-alone panel. Moreover, a vertical bifacial panel reduces dust accumulation and provides two output peaks during the day, with the second peak aligned to the peak electricity demand. Recent commercialization and anticipated growth of bifacial panel market have encouraged a closer scrutiny of the integrated power-output and economic viability of bifacial solar farms, where mutual shading will erode some of the anticipated energy gain associated with an isolated, single panel. Towards that goal, in this paper we focus on geography-specific optimization of ground-mounted vertical bifacial solar farms for the entire world. For local irradiance, we combine the measured meteorological data with the clear-sky model. In addition, we consider the effects of direct, diffuse, and albedo light. We assume the panel is configured into sub-strings with bypass-diodes. Based on calculated light collection and panel output, we analyze the optimum farm design for maximum yearly output at any given location in the world. Our results predict that, regardless of the geographical location, a vertical bifacial farm will yield 10–20% more energy than a traditional monofacial farm for a practical row-spacing of 2 m (corresponding to 1.2 m high panels). With the prospect of additional 5–20% energy gain from reduced soiling and tilt optimization, bifacial solar farm do offer a viable technology option for large-scale solar energy generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a wavy channel (WC) architecture thin-film transistor-based digital circuitry using ZnO as a channel material. The novel architecture allows for extending device width by integrating vertical finlike substrate corrugations giving rise to 50% larger device width, without occupying extra chip area. The enhancement in the output drive current is 100%, when compared with conventional planar architecture for devices occupying the same chip area. The current increase is attributed to both the extra device width and 50% enhancement in field-effect mobility due to electrostatic gating effects. Fabricated inverters show that WC inverters can achieve two times the peak-to-peak output voltage for the same input when compared with planar devices. In addition, WC inverters show 30% faster rise and fall times, and can operate up to around two times frequency of the planar inverters for the same peak-to-peak output voltage. WC NOR circuits have shown 70% higher peak-to-peak output voltage, over their planar counterparts, and WC pass transistor logic multiplexer circuit has shown more than five times faster high-to-low propagation delay compared with its planar counterpart at a similar peak-to-peak output voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased output current while maintaining low power consumption in thin-film transistors (TFTs) is essential for future generation large-area high-resolution displays. Here, we show wavy channel (WC) architecture in TFT that allows the expansion of the transistor width in the direction perpendicular to the substrate through integrating continuous fin features on the underlying substrate. This architecture enables expanding the TFT width without consuming any additional chip area, thus enabling increased performance while maintaining the real estate integrity. The experimental WCTFTs show a linear increase in output current as a function of number of fins per device resulting in \(3.5\times \) increase in output current when compared with planar counterparts that consume the same chip area. The new architecture also allows tuning the threshold voltage as a function of the number of fin features included in the device, as threshold voltage linearly decreased from 6.8 V for planar device to 2.6 V for WC devices with 32 fins. This makes the new architecture more power efficient as lower operation voltages could be used for WC devices compared with planar counterparts. It was also found that field effect mobility linearly increases with the number of fins included in the device, showing almost \(1.8\times \) enhancements in the field effect mobility than that of the planar counterparts. This can be attributed to higher electric field in the channel due to the fin architecture and threshold voltage shift. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We demonstrate a new thin film transistor (TFT) architecture that allows expansion of the device width using continuous fin features - termed as wavy channel (WC) architecture. This architecture allows expansion of transistor width in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, thus not consuming extra chip area, achieving area efficiency. The devices have shown for a 13% increase in the device width resulting in a maximum 2.5× increase in 'ON' current value of the WCTFT, when compared to planar devices consuming the same chip area, while using atomic layer deposition based zinc oxide (ZnO) as the channel material. The WCTFT devices also maintain similar 'OFF' current value, ∼100 pA, when compared to planar devices, thus not compromising on power consumption for performance which usually happens with larger width devices. This work offers an interesting opportunity to use WCTFTs as backplane circuitry for large-area high-resolution display applications. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Electrical field dependent charge transport mechanisms in P(VDF-TrFE) capacitors. [•] N-type behavior determined based on electrical analysis. [•] Schottky-limited current dominates at low-intermediate field (E <20MV/m). [•] Space charge limited conduction observed at higher fields (E >20MV/m). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents information about a study on medical students' opinion on a structured teaching programme in the day surgery unit. This was compared with the experiences of the students taught through tradition operation theater visits. A questionnaire comprising 22 questions divided into five groups of related topics was circulated to a cohort of 41 consecutive fourth-year medical students from a class of 160 attending the musculoskeletal block.

Hetero-structure tunnel junctions in non-planar gate-all-around nanowire (GAA NW) tunnel FETs (TFETs) have shown significant enhancement in 'ON' state tunnel current over their all-silicon counterpart. Here we show the unique concept of nanotube TFET in a hetero-structure configuration that is capable of much higher drive current as opposed to that of GAA NW TFETs.Through the use of inner/outer core-shell gates, a single III-V hetero-structured nanotube TFET leverages physically larger tunneling area while achieving higher driver current (ION) and saving real estates by eliminating arraying requirement. Numerical simulations has shown that a 10 nm thin nanotube TFET with a 100 nm core gate has a 5×normalized output current compared to a 10 nm diameter GAA NW TFET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A technological platform is established for scalable flexible hybrid electronics based on a novel fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) methodology. Small dielets are embedded in flexible substrates we call FlexTrate. These dielets can be interconnected through high-density wirings formed in wafer-level processing. We demonstrate homogeneous integration of 625 (25 by 25) 1-mm2 Si dielets and heterogeneous integration of GaAs and Si dielets with various thicknesses in a biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In this paper, 8- $\mu \text{m}$ -pitch die-to-die interconnections are successfully implemented over a stress buffer layer formed on the PDMS. In addition, coplanarity between the PDMS and embedded dielets, die shift concerned in typical die-first FOWLP, and the bendability of the resulting FlexTrate are characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As shown by Hanna et al. (pp. 248–251), by gENerating a wavy architecture in classical transistor topology, high output currENt is achieved – opENing up bold futuristic opportunity for ultra ‐ high resolution bright display. Irrespective of the material choice – the unique architecture can provide exciting thin film transistor performance ENhancemENt.Hanna et al. demonstrate the advantage of using the wavy architecture in terms of area efficiENcy, higher output currENt, higher field ‐ effect mobility and similar OFF currENt levels and Ion/Ioff ratios compared to the planar counterparts for a thin film transistor fabricated with zinc oxide channel material. The low OFF currENt levels and high Ion/Ioff ratios for the wavy ‐ channel devices ENsure that standby power consumption remains similar to the planar counterparts, while improving the ON currENt values. This proves the significance of this new architecture for large ‐ area high ‐ resolution display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to its excellent morphological resolution and capacity to image a variety of structures, including bones, lungs, abdominal viscera, and pelvic organs, CT is recommended in many abdominal disorders. Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to highlight the accuracy of multi-detector computed tomography scan in diagnosing the different fatty lesions of the renal and adrenal regions by comparing the CT study of the benign lesions with their follow up CT scan and comparing the CT study of the malignant cases with their histo-pathological results. Patients and Methods: The current study included 34 patients referred to Radiology department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute. Their age ranged from 20 years to 81 years old with average (56.35 years±13.61). Most of the patients were males 21cases while female were 13 cases. The patients were referred from general surgery and urology departments of Theodor Bilharz Research Institute hospital as well as the outpatient clinics to perform MDCT in the period from November 2021 to June 2022. Results: MDCT examinations were done for 34 patients and concluded that MDCT should be used in the first place in the course of diagnostic procedures of patients with renal and adrenal region fatty lesions and this was justified by an overall diagnostic accuracy of 100% for benign lesions and 82% for malignant lesions, where MDCT could correctly diagnose (33/34) cases and only 1 case was misdiagnosed, confirming the ability of MDCT to show up the accurate diagnosis, the exact location, extent of tumor, along with involvement of adjacent organs and vessels. Conclusion: It also has a high accuracy in differentiation of malignant from benign lesions and detection of lymph node involvement & metastasis. There by improving the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE -- To determine whether addition of Salba (Salvia hispanica L.), a novel whole grain that is rich in fiber, α-linolenic acid (ALA), and minerals to conventional treatment is associated with improvement in major and emerging cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -- Using a single-blind cross-over design, subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 37 ± 4 g/day of Salba or wheat bran for 12 weeks while maintaining their conventional diabetes therapies. Twenty well-controlled subjects with type 2 diabetes (11 men and 9 women, aged 64 ± 8 years, BMI 28 ± 4 kg/mn² and A1C 6.8 -± 0.9%) completed the study. This study was set in the outpatient clinic of the Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada. RESULTS -- Compared with the control treatment, Salba reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 6.3 ± 4 mmHg (P < 0.001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (mg/l) by 40 ± 1.6% (P = 0.04), and vonWillebrand factor (vWF) by 21 ± 0.3% (P = 0.03), with significant decreases in A1C and fibrinogen in relation to the Salba baseline but not with the control treatment. There were no changes in safety parameters including liver, kidney and hemostatic function, or body weight. Both plasma ALA and eicosapentaenoic polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were increased twofold (P < 0.05) while consuming Salba. CONCLUSIONS -- Long-term supplementation with Salba attenuated a major cardiovascular risk factor (SBP) and emerging factors (hs-CRP and vWF) safely beyond conventional therapy, while maintaining good glycemic and lipid control in people with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]