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Fracture neck of femur is a devastating injury. One of its main complications is avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. For the fixation of femoral neck fractures, cannulated screws are now universally used. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of avascular necrosis in fracture neck of femur fixed with cannulated screws. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Orthopedic unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad. Period: 7th March, 2011 to 6th September, 2011. Material and Methods: Recruiting 113 patients of either gender between 15 to 60 years of age with fracture neck of femur who were fixed with cannulated screws. The data was entered and analyzed with the help of SPSS 10.Results: There were 113 patients with an overall mean age of 43.51 years + 11.94SD. Maximum number of patients was 56 (49.50%) from the age group of 46 to 60 years. Avascular necrosis was noted in 23 (20.35%) cases. The maximum number of patients with avascular necrosis was 13 (56.52%) belonging to the age group of 15 to 25. Conclusion: Avascular necrosis was high in younger ages in displaced fractures of neck of femur treated with cannulated screws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In This article we have examined 'Rahman Baba's Concept of two Worlds'. The author closely scanned through his Diwan (collection of the poetry) and reached at the conclusion that Rahman Baba both accepts and rejects this world. He accepts this world because success in the next world depends on the proper use of this world. He rejects this world because of its temporary, short, fleeting and uncertain nature. It was found that Baba advises man to use this world as desired by God and preached by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). In Rahman Baba's opinion, the establishment of justice is the foundational principle of Islam. He contends that if we establish justice here, we will qualify for a merciful justice in the hereafter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rahman Baba contends that man is a social being so much so that he cannot realize his moral excellence in seclusion or solitude. In his opinion, Islam recommends that we should avoid monasticism on the one hand & hedonism on the other. We can't detach our selves from the thicks of life. Nor can we get engrossed in worldly pleasures & ignore our moral responsibilities. In fact, when man steps into this world, he enters into multiple layers of relations, such as, his relations with his immediate family, that is, his parents, brothers, sisters, his uncles & his aunties etc. his extended family, his tribe & his nation, & eventually the humanity at large. Not only that he also holds certain relations with plants & animals, in fact, the entire ecological system. Finally he does enter into a positive (or negative) relationship with his Creator as well. How he honours these relations will determine the quality of his morals. The point to be underscored is that man can realize his moral excellence only by living in & thro' these relations. These rights & obligations are supposed to regulate our relations & are an integral part of our social life. We can't survive without showing respect to these principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man is forgetful by nature. He is inclined towards injustice and ignorance and is in need of permanent guidance, that is, the Holy Qur'an and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). The poetry of Rahman Baba is inspired by these sources (i.e. Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet) He invites man to study nature, which is lacking in our educational curriculum. He considers life in this world as an investment for the next world and is of the opinion that only that person who is capable of knowing his own self can use the opportunities of this world correctly. He invites man to go back to his inner self and know his spiritual entity / being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. It accounts for 2.5% of all new cancer cases and 1.9% of all cancer deaths annually. More than 90% of oral cancers (occurring in the mouth, lip, and tongue) are oral squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence rate of oral cancer varies widely throughout the world, with an evident prevalence in South Asian countries. This high incidence occurs in correlation with oral cancer-associated behaviors such as alcohol, tobacco use. Researchers have reported that these behaviors lead to genetic variations in tumor suppressor genes (APC, p53), proto-oncogenes (Myc), oncogene (Ras) and genes controlling normal cellular processes (EIF3E, GSTM1). Processes such as segregation of chromosomes, genomic copy number, loss of heterozygosity, telomere stabilities, regulations of cell-cycle checkpoints, DNA damage repairs and defects in notch signaling pathways are involved in causing oral cancer. In order to develop preventive and therapeutic options, it is necessary to comprehend the basic molecular mechanisms forcing oral tumorigenesis. This review examines, in detail, the mechanisms of genetic alteration which are considered to be responsible for the initiation of oral cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting on the revivalist and realist approaches toward Islamization and modernity, this research study aims at exploring the socio-political context of education policies and reform enacted on the paradigm of Islamization and Enlightened Moderation in Pakistan. The study is carried out through the lens of culturally relevant advocacy and social justice theory. Qualitative research method is being undertaken using a social constructivist perspective. Document analysis technique is employed to evaluate policy text from the Gen: Zia ul Haq and Gen: Musharraf regimes. The main data for this study is the manuscripts of National Education Policy 1979 and National Education Policy 2009. The study argues how politically contesting ideologies negotiated each other in both eras. The study also discovers the internal and external political pressures that caused subsequent educational reforms. The study concludes that the politics of ideological contestation has adversely affected the education system, therefore to build a solid education system, education policymaking must be freed from contesting politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]