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The aim of this study was to identify potentially toxic contaminants in milk powder. Powdered milk contains a range of toxic and non-toxic substances that are present in a wide variety, also having very different origins. A number of seven milk powder samples from different producers sold on the Romanian market were analyzed, the samples that were collected from the original packaging: P1, P 2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7. The concentration of the following elements was analyzed using the X-ray (XRF) fluorescence method: potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and aluminum (Al). The vast majority of the samples showed the levels of elements K, Ca, Cl, Al, P well above the maximum allowable limit (AML). In a single test, the elements potassium, calcium, chlorine, phosphorus showed levels below the maximum allowable limit, but the level of aluminum was much above. The experimental results showed that the market sells assortments of milk powder that exceed concentrations above the maximum limits established by the legislation in force for some constituent elements. Concentrations of constituent elements are not always specified on food labels, and if this information appears, they are not always the correct values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention, assessment, and identification of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) represent a challenge for healthcare professionals, especially in nosocomial settings. This narrative review aims to provide a thorough assessment of the most clinically significant DDIs for antibiotics used in healthcare-associated infections. Complex poly-pharmaceutical regimens, targeting multiple pathogens or targeting one pathogen in the presence of another comorbidity, have an increased predisposition to result in life-threatening DDIs. Recognising, assessing, and limiting DDIs in nosocomial infections offers promising opportunities for improving health outcomes. The objective of this review is to provide clinicians with practical advice to prevent or mitigate DDIs, with the aim of increasing the safety and effectiveness of therapy. DDI management is of significant importance for individualising therapy according to the patient, disease status, and associated comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of correlated in vitro release and rheological assessment of hydrophilic gels containing organometallic complexes of copper and cobalt with piroxicam and tenoxicam. The semisolid experimental formulations intended for local delivery after application onto the skin were prepared based on polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers (Poloxamer 407). The results confirmed that the diffusion process of the hydrophobic compounds had long lag-times and release rates depending upon the affinity of the complex for the semisolid matrix. Higher consistency due to particular internal interactions generated decreased release rates. All formulations presented a pseudoplastic behavior, adequately described by Ostwald de Waele model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]