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Mesoporous Ni–Al 2 O 3 catalysts with Ni weight (%) 5 to 15 were synthesized, characterized, and tested for tri-reforming of methane (TRM). The characterization results reveal that the metal loading influences the metal-support interaction of the catalysts. Furthermore, the choice of reduction temperature affected the dispersion of metallic-Ni. It is advantageous to reduce these catalysts at their respective T max temperatures, which are obtained from H 2 -TPR studies. At these conditions, the dispersion was maximum. For TRM at 600 °C, the conversions and yields increased with an increase in Ni loading, and carbon was not detected. Increasing the metal loading from 5 wt% to 15 wt% increased the CH 4 conversion from 70.5 to 82.4% and CO 2 conversion from 10.2 to 19.7%. In contrast, the H 2 /CO ratio decreased from 3.8 to 3.2. The conversions and yields during TRM were relatively constant with time-on-stream and were highest for 15Ni–Al. Furthermore, H 2 /CO ratio was >3, and minimal change in dispersion was observed post-reaction for this catalyst. Thus, the active metal loading and the reduction temperature required are important parameters that need to be considered while designing a suitable catalyst for TRM. [Display omitted] • Ni amount and reduction temperature strongly affect the Ni crystallite size. • Catalytic performance depends on dispersion, and significant conversions achieved. • H 2 /CO ratio >3 and no carbon deposited during TRM at 600 °C for all loadings. • Reduction at T max provides best catalytic performance; T max is obtained by H 2 -TPR. • 15Ni–Al shows highest catalytic activity and minimal change in Ni size post-reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the effect of iron-iron oxide particles on the trans-cis isomerization of azobenzene moieties in the novel polyethylene glycol itaconate-azobenzene based side chain liquid crystalline polymer (PEGIA). Langmuir monolayers of the PEGIA molecules are spread at air-water interface, with water subphase containing different concentrations of iron-iron oxide particles. The kinetics of the isomerization of azobenzene moieties in the polymer was studied by surface manometry technique. We find that the presence of iron-iron oxide particles in the subphase affects the rate constant of trans-cis photoisomerization and it decreases exponentially as a function of concentration of particles in the subphase. The critical concentration of iron-iron oxide particles above which the rate constant of photoisomerization negligibly changed was found to be about 2.468 μg cm− 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic dyes that have been added to water by various industrial effluents possess a serious threat to the environment due to their mutagenic character. TiO2 has been widely employed as a photocatalysis for the degradation of these dyes. However, a non-metal doped TiO2 can be a promising candidate for the advanced treatment of industrial wastewater containing organic dyes. In this work, we have prepared and tested different boron-doped TiO2 photocatalysts to examine the effect of boron addition on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The various boron precursors used are boric acid (BA), boron oxide (BO), and boron nitride (BN), through which Boron is formulated and is doped through a single-step sol-gel method. The prepared nanocomposites are characterized using various characterization techniques, such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. UV light of wavelength 365 nm has been used for studying the photocatalyst behavior. Both rhodamine-B (RhB) and industrial wastewater samples have been studied for degradation kinetics. The boron-doped TiO2 nanocomposites show a high level of dye degradation (>95%) with RhB dye and (>63%) with industrial wastewater samples. Further, TiO2-BA composites in both the cases showed maximum dye degradation compared with other boron nanocomposites with an enhancement in the efficiency of (>13%) over a pure phase of TiO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, two novel triphenylene−ammonium−ammonium−triphenylene diads were synthesised. The effect of the peripheral chain length around triphenylene and the length of the linker connecting triphenylene with an ammonium moiety on the liquid crystalline behaviour was studied. The molecular structures were verified using proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The liquid crystalline properties of these compounds were determined by polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. These triphenylene−ammonium-based gemini dimers with tetrafluoroborate as the counter ion were found to exhibit liquid crystalline behaviour with a hexagonal columnar phase morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel discotic core was constructed by fusing imidazole unit with well-known triphenylene discotic core. Two new imidazole fused unsymmetrically substituted triphenylene derivatives were prepared and characterized. While the molecular structures of the new compounds were verified by 1H NMR, UV, MS and elemental analysis, their liquid crystalline properties were determined by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. These triphenylenoimidazole derivatives were found to exhibit hexagonal columnar mesomorphism over a wide temperature range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Six novel gemini imidazolium salts tethered with hexaalkoxytriphenylene moieties were prepared by quaternization of imidazole nitrogen with ω-bromo-substituted triphenylene derivatives. Their chemical structures were examined by 1H NMR, IR, UV, MS, and elemental analyses. The mesomorphic properties of these discotic dimeric salts were investigated by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction studies. These triphenylene-imidazole-based gemini dimers with bromide as counter ion were found to exhibit liquid crystalline behavior over a wide temperature range and display ionic conductivity in the range of 10−6 to 10−5 S/m. These materials tend to form monolayer at the air–water interface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Steer‐by‐wire (SBW) systems are considered as one of the most significant innovations among the technologies developed for advanced driver‐assistance systems and autonomous vehicles. The main control challenge in a SBW system is to follow the steering commands in the face of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances; crucially, perturbations in inertial parameters and damping forces give rise to state‐dependent uncertainties, which cannot be bounded a priori by a constant. However, the state‐of‐the‐art control methods of SBW system rely on a priori bounded uncertainties, and thus, become inapplicable when state‐dependent dynamics become unknown. This work, to the best of the authors' knowledge for the first time, proposes an adaptive control framework that can tackle the state‐dependent uncertainties and external disturbances in a typical SBW system without any a priori knowledge of their structures and of their bounds. The stability of the closed‐loop system is studied analytically via uniformly ultimately bounded notion and the effectiveness of the proposed solution is verified via simulations against the state‐of‐the‐art solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Langmuir monolayer of a novel molecule containing dimer of disk shaped moiety, viz., terephtalic acid bis-[6-(3,6,7,10,11-pentahexyloxy-triphenylen-2-yloxyl)-hexyl] ester (tp-dimer), was studied at air-water interface. The monolayer of the tp-dimer at air-water interface exhibited the coexistence of condensed and gas phases at large area per molecule which on compression transformed to a uniform condensed phase at lower area per molecule (1.80 nm2) and then collapsed at 1.67 nm2. The monolayer film transferred by Langmuir–Blodgett technique onto a hydrophilic silicon substrate was studied using an atomic force microscope. The topography image showed the film to be of height of about 1.5 nm corresponding to the edge-on configuration of the triphenylene moieties. We have studied the collapse of monolayer at air-water interface as a function of compression rate and temperature. We find that the collapse pressure increased with increase in the compression rate. The surface pressure of the monolayer is considered as stress and compression as strain. The strain rate is related to the collapse pressure by a power law similar to that found in the dendrimers. Our studies on the effect of temperature on the collapse pressure of tp-dimer monolayer showed that the collapse pressure decreased with increase in temperature. We have considered the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the strain rate and calculated the activation energy for the collapse of monolayer. Our analysis of the relative area loss as a function of time in the collapse region suggests that the monolayer collapses by the formation of nuclei of three-dimensional crystallites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Open globe injury is a serious sight threatening condition. Full-thickness, non-selfsealing corneal lacerations require repair in the operating room. During repair, debridement of the wound is an important step. Incarceration of the intraocular structures in the wound eg. Iris, lens capsule, vitreous leads to improper healing if not removed properly.Purpose: To demonstrate the technique of wound debridement in open globe injury.Synopsis: : Manual removal of incarcerated tissue contents leads to incomplete cleaning & enormous traction on intra ocular contents. In this video, we have tried vitrectomy cutter with higher vacuum for cleaning the edges of the wound especially in the posterior aspect and debri removal, followed by easy suturing. All tissue in the wound edges are removed effectively without any traction on intraocular contents.Highlights: : Vitrectomy cutter is a very useful and effective tool to clean wound edges and good apposition & suturing of wound.Video link: https://youtu.be/y_kCxLdwhuQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world Many Businesses are dependent on Social Media for their Business growth and to enhance their business scale all over the world. There are various services and tools provided by Facebook and twitter to interact with customers. Many companies are using Facebook and Twitter provided social media tools. By using these tools we can access a large amount of content generated by user without any cost with the help of social media sites. To access competition in market and take competitive advantage increase profit companies should analyze customer as well as their own social media data. And companies should also analyze the textual information on their competitors' social media sites. In this paper, we discussed about recommendation system which has been emerged significantly over the last few decades as Information filtering system to help companies by understanding their customer and their competitions in order to increase their revenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To introduce and validate the pediatric ocular trauma score (POTS) - a mathematical model to predict visual outcome trauma in children with traumatic cataract Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, medical records of consecutive children with traumatic cataracts aged 18 and below were retrieved and analysed. Data collected included age, gender, visual acuity, anterior segment and posterior segment findings, nature of surgery, treatment for amblyopia, follow-up, and final outcome was recorded on a precoded data information sheet. POTS was derived based on the ocular trauma score (OTS), adjusting for age of patient and location of the injury. Visual outcome was predicted using the OTS and the POTS and using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: POTS predicted outcomes were more accurate compared to that of OTS ( p = 0.014). Conclusion: POTS is a more sensitive and specific score with more accurate predicted outcomes compared to OTS, and is a viable tool to predict visual outcomes of pediatric ocular trauma with traumatic cataract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the intervention of catalytically active nickel surface on trans–cis isomerization of azobenzene moieties, specifically in the novel polyethylene glycol itaconate-azobenzene based side chain liquid crystalline polymer (PEGIA) using Magneto Optic Kerr Effect (MOKE). We deposited thin films of nickel on glass substrate using DC magnetron sputtering and carried out MOKE studies to establish angled magnetisation in the nickel surface. A strip-like magnetic domain state was observed in these thin films studied with Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) which corroborates the observation of longitudinal component of magnetisation measured through Kerr rotation studies. PEGIA molecules were grafted on these Ni thin films and longitudinal MOKE was studied with and without UV exposure. We studied the effect of the trans–cis isomerization and the vice-versa on the magnetization of the nickel thin films due to the electric coupling at the magnetic surface. A substantial change of about 18.58% was observed in the magnetization during the photo-isomerization process which is attributed to change of the dipole moment of the PEGIA molecule. This change in dipole moment was corroborated with the study of variation of capacitance in the dispersive regime and the associated change in relaxation time. A 33% change in capacitance with shift in intrinsic relaxation time from 3.35 to 3.25 MHz was observed supporting the claim of change of dipole moment during the process of isomerisation. The observations collectively establish dipolar electric coupling to the magnetic surface through symmetry breaking at the interface across the cis-trans phase transition in azobenzene moieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Electric field effect on the rate of isomerization of azobenzene molecule is studied. • Local electric field is realized by adding polar PVDF in the ultrathin film. • The change in the energy barrier of the photoisomerization due to PVDF is calculated. We report the effect of local electric field on the rate of photo-isomerization of azobenzene containing poly ethylene glycol-itaconate based side chain liquid crystalline polymer (PEGIA) in the ultra-thin film at air–water interface. The local electric fields were realised by adding polar polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) molecules in the PEGIA thin film. The ultra-thin film of PEGIA mixed with PVDF in different weight percentages were formed at air–water interface and are characterized using surface manometry technique. The rate constant of trans - cis photo-isomerization ( k 1 ) of azobenzene moieties in the presence of different amounts of PVDF were obtained from the surface pressure measurements. We find that the k 1 exponentially increases with the percentage composition of PVDF which can be attributed to the effect of electric field due to the dipole moment of the PVDF molecules. The change in the activation energy of the photo-isomerization as a function of percentage composition of PVDF is calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]