165 results on '"Green, Patricia"'
Search Results
2. Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention: Office-Based Primary Care Physicians, U.S., 2015-2016.
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Green, Patricia P., Cummings, Nicole A., Ward, Brian W., and McKnight-Eily, Lela R.
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MEDICAL care surveys , *MEDICAL screening , *PRIMARY care , *OUTPATIENT medical care , *PHYSICIANS , *ALCOHOL drinking , *RESEARCH , *COUNSELING , *RESEARCH methodology , *EVALUATION research , *PRIMARY health care , *COMPARATIVE studies , *RESEARCH funding , *CRISIS intervention (Mental health services) - Abstract
Introduction: In 2013, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force again recommended alcohol misuse screening and provision of brief behavioral counseling interventions to those engaged in risky drinking for all adults aged ≥18 years in primary care. This report presents national estimates of the provision of alcohol screening and brief intervention by U.S. primary care physicians, the screening methods, and the resources they identified as helpful in implementing alcohol/substance screening and intervention in primary care settings.Methods: Data included 876 self-identified primary care physicians from the Physician Induction Interview portion of the 2015-2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual nationally representative sample survey of nonfederal, office-based physicians in the U.S., encompassing all the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Descriptive estimates (annualized percentages) of alcohol misuse screening were generated for selected primary care physician characteristics. Estimates of how primary care physicians reported screening, the frequency of brief intervention, and resources identified as helpful in the implementation of screening/intervention procedures were also generated. Two-tailed significance tests were used to determine the differences between the compared groups. Data analyses were conducted in 2019-2021.Results: In total, 71.7% of office-based primary care physicians reported screening patients for alcohol misuse. Statistically significant differences in screening were observed geographically and by provider specialty.Conclusions: Less than 40% of primary care physicians who screened patients for alcohol misuse reported always intervening with patients who screened positive for risky alcohol use. Collection of data on resources that primary care physicians report as being helpful for alcohol/substance screening and intervention implementation may be useful in continuous improvement efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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3. LRP1 Controls TNF Release via the TIMP-3/ADAM17 Axis in Endotoxin-Activated Macrophages.
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Collins, Laura E., Green, Patricia, Nagase, Hideaki, Troeberg, Linda, and Schubert, Kristin
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MACROPHAGES , *CELL membranes - Abstract
The metalloproteinase ADAM17 plays a pivotal role in initiating inflammation by releasing TNF from its precursor. Prolonged TNF release causes many chronic inflammatory diseases, indicating that tight regulation of ADAM17 activity is essential for resolution of inflammation. In this study, we report that the endogenous ADAM17 inhibitor TIMP-3 inhibits ADAM17 activity only when it is bound to the cell surface and that cell surface levels of TIMP-3 in endotoxin-activated human macrophages are dynamically controlled by the endocytic receptor LRP1. Pharmacological blockade of LRP1 inhibited endocytic clearance of TIMP-3, leading to an increase in cell surface levels of the inhibitor that blocked TNF release. Following LPS stimulation, TIMP-3 levels on the surface of macrophages increased 4-fold within 4 h and continued to accumulate at 6 h, before a return to baseline levels at 8 h. This dynamic regulation of cell surface TIMP-3 levels was independent of changes in TIMP-3 mRNA levels, but correlated with shedding of LRP1. These results shed light on the basic mechanisms that maintain a regulated inflammatory response and ensure its timely resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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4. MONITORING IN VITRO RESPONSE OF SELENIUM-TREATED HUMAN PROSTATE CELLS BY ¹H NMR SPECTROSCOPY.
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Isaac-Lam, Meden F., Green, Patricia J., Kuhn, Jonathan R. D., and Harwood, John S.
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PROSTATE cancer treatment , *SELENIUM , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy , *SELENOMETHIONINE , *METABOLOMICS , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
NMR metabolomics provides a potent method for monitoring alterations in the metabolic signature within tissues and biofluids. In this study, NMR analysis was utilized to determine variation in metabolite levels of human DU 145 prostate cancer and non-tumorigenic PNT1A prostate epithelial cells after treatment with selenomethionine (SeM) and Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMSC). Currently, these are the first ¹H NMR spectroscopic data on selenium-treated prostate cell lines. Fluorescence microscopy of SeM-incubated PNT1A cells revealed morphological features characteristic of apoptosis. SeMSC-treated PNT1A and DU 145 prostate cells indicated greater changes in cellular morphology and in metabolite levels than SeM-treated cells. NMR of prostate cells treated with selenium showed a decreasing trend in metabolite levels with the largest change exhibited by creatine. This is mainly due to disrupted energy metabolism, and probably due to loss of structural integrity combined with dissipation of metabolites. Lactate, choline-containing compounds, and glycine levels increased depending on the type of selenium and cell line used. No clear pattern of variation in metabolite concentration levels from ¹H NMR spectroscopy to distinguish apoptotic versus non-apoptotic pathway was observed. Factor analysis (FA) indicated the change in the concentration levels of twelve metabolites was able to distinguish DU145 cells from PNT1A cells when treated using SeM. This study indicated that NMR of intact cells treated with selenium can provide information on the biochemical processes of tissues; thus metabolic fingerprints for compromised cells can be acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
5. Vital Signs: Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies--United States, 2011-2013.
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Green, Patricia P., McKnight-Eily, Lela R., Tan, Cheryl H., Mejia, Roberto, and Denny, Clark H.
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SUBSTANCE abuse in pregnancy , *ALCOHOL-induced disorders , *TERATOGENIC agents , *FETAL alcohol syndrome , *DISEASE prevalence , *SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors ,COMPLICATIONS of alcoholism in pregnancy - Abstract
Background: Alcohol is a teratogen.* Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with a range of adverse reproductive outcomes and can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) characterized by lifelong physical, behavioral, and intellectual disabilities. FASDs are completely preventable if a woman does not drink alcohol while pregnant.Methods: CDC analyzed data from the 2011-2013 National Survey of Family Growth to generate U.S. prevalence estimates of risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy for 4,303 nonpregnant, nonsterile women aged 15-44 years, by selected demographic and behavioral factors. A woman was considered at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy during the past month if she had sex with a male, drank any alcohol, and did not (and her partner did not with her) use contraception in the past month; was not sterile; and had a partner (or partners) not known to be sterile.Results: The weighted prevalence of alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk among U.S. women aged 15-44 years was 7.3%. During a 1-month period, approximately 3.3 million women in the United States were at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy.Conclusions and Implications For Public Health Practice: Alcohol use in pregnancy is associated with low birthweight, preterm birth, birth defects, and developmental disabilities. Women of reproductive age should be informed of the risks of alcohol use during pregnancy, and contraception should be recommended, as appropriate, for women who do not want to become pregnant. Women wanting a pregnancy should be advised to stop drinking at the same time contraception is discontinued. Health care providers should advise women not to drink at all if they are pregnant or there is any chance they might be pregnant. Alcohol misuse screening and behavioral counseling (also known as alcohol screening and brief intervention) is recommended for all adults in primary care, including reproductive-aged and pregnant women, as an evidenced-based approach to reducing alcohol consumption among persons who consume alcohol in excess of the recommended guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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6. Consideration Of The Toxicity of Manufactured Nanoparticles.
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Haasch, Mary L., McClellan-Green, Patricia, and Oberdörster, Eva
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NANOPARTICLES , *TOXICOLOGY , *NANOTUBES , *CARBON , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *LARGEMOUTH bass , *BIOTRANSFORMATION (Metabolism) - Abstract
Fullerene (C60 and single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes, SWCNT and MWCNT, respectively) is engineered to be redox active and it is thought that the potential toxicity of fullerene exposure is related to the formation of reactive oxygen species. During manufacture, transport or during scientific investigation, there is a potential for human or environmental exposure to nanoparticles. Several studies regarding human exposure have indicated reasons for concern. There is a lack of studies addressing the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles in aquatic species but one study using the fish, largemouth bass, exposed to fullerene has shown increased (10–17-fold) lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain. It is likely that repair enzymes or anti-oxidants may have been induced in gill and liver tissues that had reduced LPO compared to control tissues (Oberdörster, 2004). In support of that hypothesis, suppressive subtractive hybridization was used with liver tissue and the biotransformation enzyme, cytochrome P450, specifically CYP2K4, and other oxidoreductases related to metabolism, along with repair enzymes, were increased while proteins related to normal physiological homeostasis were decreased in fullerene-exposed fish. In a new study involving the exposure of a toxicological model fish species, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to water-soluble fullerene (nC60), uptake and distribution indicated that nC60 elevated LPO in the brain and induced expression of CYP2 family isozymes in the liver. In an in vitro study, BSA-coated SWCNT interfered with biotransformation enzyme activity. These studies taken together provide support to the hypothesis that the toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles is related to oxidative stress and provide insight into possible mechanisms of toxicity as well as providing information for evaluating the risk to aquatic organisms exposed to manufactured nanoparticles. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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7. TOXICITY OF AQUEOUS FULLERENE IN ADULT AND LARVAL FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS.
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Blickley, Twyla Michelle and McClellan-Green, Patricia
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DEVELOPMENTAL biology , *FULLERENES , *AQUATIC resource management , *MUMMICHOG , *LARVAE , *FETAL membranes , *PEROXIDATION , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *GLUTATHIONE - Abstract
Aqueous suspensions of fullerene aggregates (aqua-nC60) were used to investigate the movement of carbon-based nanomaterials in a marine water column and to determine their effects on different life stages of a marine teleost. Fullerene aggregates formed precipitates as a result of mixing in natural seawater, and levels of aqua-nC60 were significantly increased in bottom waters after 24 h. Exposure of Fundulus heteroclitus embryos, larvae, and adults to increasing concentrations of aqua-nC60 resulted in very little mortality, and no median lethal concentrations could be calculated at ⩽ 10 mg/L. Aggregates of aqua-nC60 did adhere to the chorion but did not affect development of the embryos or their hatching success. Movements of aqua-nC60 through the chorion and into the embryo tended to increase with higher exposure levels; however, the concentrations were extremely low and did not differ significantly. Larvae exposed to increasing concentrations of aqua-nC60 exhibited a significant dose-dependent increase in total glutathione (GSH). This was accompanied by a decreasing trend in lipid peroxidation (LPO), but LPO was not statistically different between treatments. Adult F. heteroclitus exposed to increasing concentrations of aqua-nC60 exhibited an increase in total GSH in liver tissue but not in the gill. No significant effects on LPO were observed in either tissue. Thus, we conclude that aqua-nC60 affects the oxidative stress response of F. heteroclitus and that increased antioxidant defenses provide some physiological tolerance for these materials. Environmental factors influencing uptake, metabolism, and physiological response following exposure, however, need further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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8. Does gender really matter in contaminant exposure? A case study using invertebrate models
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McClellan-Green, Patricia, Romano, Jocelyn, and Oberdörster, Eva
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ENDOCRINE disruptors , *INVERTEBRATES , *XENOBIOTICS , *NEMATODES , *CORALS , *CRUSTACEA , *INSECTS , *MOLLUSKS , *ECHINODERMATA ,SEX differences (Biology) - Abstract
Exposure to contaminants in the environment is indiscriminate and multiple species/populations of all sexes are potentially at risk. In this paper we examine the current information available on gender specific differences in invertebrates following exposure to environmental contaminants. Because of their close association with the environment and diversity of habitats, invertebrates are uniquely at risk for adverse responses to pollutants. Since 97% of all animal species are invertebrates, it would be impossible to cover each of the phyla in this review. Instead, this paper discusses major invertebrate species including insects (Periplaneta americana, Panorpa vulgaris, Lycosa hilaris, Haematobia irritans irritans (L. ), and Drosophilia melanogaster), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), crustaceans (Streptocephalus dichotomus, Amphiascus tenuiremis, Microarthridion littorale, Tisbe bulbisetosa, Acartia tonsa, and Palaemonetes pugio), mollusks (Pinctada fucata martensii, Ilyanassa obsoleta, Nucella lapillus, Hinia reticulata, Thais clavigera, and Mercenaria mercenaria), corals (Euphyllia ancora and Montipara capitata), and echinoderms (Asterias rubens) that have been used in studies examining the differences between males and females. Our discussion focuses on gender differences that occur in both toxicokinetic mechanisms (uptake and elimination, metabolism and physiology) and other toxicological endpoints (survival and behavior as well as morphology and development). It will become evident that the endocrine systems of invertebrates have many traits and/or pathways that are comparable to those observed in higher organisms. Yet the sensitivity of some elements of the invertebrate endocrine system, e.g., disruption of neuropeptide hormone signaling following TBT exposure, highlights the uniqueness of their systems and their potential for disruption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
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9. Lead exposure and birth outcomes in five communities in Shoshone County, Idaho
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Berkowitz, Zahava, Price-Green, Patricia, Bove, Frank J., and Kaye, Wendy E.
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LEAD , *AIR pollution , *CHILDBIRTH - Abstract
Abstract: Introduction: This study examined birth outcomes in five towns in Shoshone County, Idaho, where residents were exposed to high levels of lead in air emissions during a 6-month period after a fire had damaged the main baghouse (pollution-control device) of a local lead smelter plant in September 1973. Methods: We studied birth certificate data of 169,878 live singleton infants born to mothers who resided in Idaho at the time of delivery. The outcomes evaluated were preterm infants, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, low birthweight among term infants (TLBW), and mean birthweight among term infants (TMBW). The study compared births in the five towns in Shoshone County (exposed group) to births in the rest of Idaho during three exposure periods: “pre-fire,” January 1, 1970–August 31, 1973; “high exposure,” September 1, 1973–December 31, 1974; and “post-fire,” January 1, 1975–December 31, 1981. Results: During the high-exposure period, the exposed group had an increased prevalence of TLBW (OR=2.4; 90% CI: 1.6–3.6) and SGA (OR=1.9; 90% CI: 1.3–2.8) compared with the rest of Idaho. During the pre- and post-fire periods, the ORs for TLBW were 0.8 and 1.3, respectively, and for SGA, 1.0, and 1.3, respectively. During the high-exposure period, TMBW for the exposed group was 71g lower than in the comparison group. The TMBW in the exposed group was 8g lower in the pre-fire period and 26g lower in the post-fire period than in the comparison group. The study found no increased risk for preterm birth in the exposed group. Conclusions: Maternal exposures to airborne lead emissions appeared to be associated with increased risks for SGA, TLBW, and reduced TMBW. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2006
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10. Effects of Organochlorine Contaminants on Loggerhead Sea Turtle Immunity: Comparison of a Correlative Field Study and In Vitro Exposure Experiments.
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Keller, Jennifer M., McClellan-Green, Patricia D., Kucklick, John R., Keil, Deborah E., and Peden-Adams, Margie M.
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ORGANOCHLORINE compounds , *CHLORINE compounds , *LOGGERHEAD turtle , *SEA turtles , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *IMMUNITY , *IMMUNOLOGY , *MITOGENS , *LYSOZYMES , *LYMPHOCYTES - Abstract
Several laboratory and field studies indicate that organochlorine contaminants (OCs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides, modulate immune responses in rodents, wildlife, and humans. In the present study we examined the effects of OCs on immunity in free-ranging loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation responses, lysozyme activity, and OC concentrations were measured from blood samples. Mitogens chosen in the lymphocyte proliferation assay were phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA) for T-lymphocyte stimulation, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) for B-lymphocyte stimulation. Lysozyme activity was significantly and negatively correlated with whole-blood concentrations of 4,4´-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4,4´-DDE) and the sum of chlordanes. Lymphocyte proliferation responses stimulated by PHA, LPS, and PDB were significantly and positively correlated with concentrations of the sum of PCBs measured in whole blood. LPS- and PDB-induced proliferation were also significantly and positively correlated with 4,4´-DDE blood concentrations. These correlative observations in free-ranging turtles suggest that current, chronic exposure to OCs may suppress innate immunity and enhance certain lymphocyte functions of loggerhead sea turtles. To further test this hypothesis, lymphocyte proliferation was measured after in vitro exposure of peripheral blood leukocytes from 16 turtles to Aroclor 1254 (0-13.5 µg/mL) or 4,4´-DDE (0-13.4 µg/mL). Both contaminants increased PHA- and PDB-induced proliferation at concentrations below those that affected cell viability. Moreover, the concentrations that enhanced PDB-induced proliferation in vitro were similar to concentrations measured in turtles with the highest proliferative responses. The similarities between the in vitro experiments and the correlative field study suggest that OC exposure modulates immunity in loggerhead turtles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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11. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in loggerhead sea turtles: comparison of methods and effects of gender, plasma testosterone concentration, and body condition on immunity
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Keller, Jennifer M., McClellan-Green, Patricia D., Lee, A. Michelle, Arendt, Mike D., Maier, Philip P., Segars, Al L., Whitaker, J. David, Keil, Deborah E., and Peden-Adams, Margie M.
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SEA turtles , *REPTILES , *HEPARIN , *POLYSACCHARIDES - Abstract
Abstract: A fully functioning immune system is vital to the survival of threatened and endangered sea turtles. Immunological protection against diseases in any organism can be reduced by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors, such as seasonal changes, malnutrition, disease states, and contaminant exposure. These factors are even more critical when they occur in endangered species or populations. To identify alterations in the immunological health of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), the mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation (LP) assay was developed using peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Collection and culture conditions were optimized for this assay using non-lethal blood samples collected from free-ranging turtles along the southeastern US coast. During the collection, two anticoagulants (sodium heparin and lithium heparin) were compared to determine effects of different ions on assay results. Optimal culture conditions were established for loggerhead PBLs while two different methods of measuring LP were compared: (1) the traditional radioactive 3H-thymidine assay and (2) a non-radioactive, colorimetric method utilizing 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT). The results indicate that the 3H-thymidine and the non-radioactive MTT methods did not correlate with each other and that the use of heparin type did not influence the results of the LP assay. Lastly, using these optimized methods, we investigated the effect of gender, plasma testosterone concentration, and body condition on LP in loggerhead turtles and found that none of the parameters largely influenced LP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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12. Effects of organochlorine compounds on cytochrome P450 aromatase activity in an immortal sea turtle cell line
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Keller, Jennifer M. and McClellan-Green, Patricia
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CYTOCHROME P-450 , *AROMATASE , *CELL culture , *TESTOSTERONE - Abstract
Many classes of environmental contaminants affect the reproductive function of animals through interactions with the endocrine system. The primary components affected by endocrine active compounds (EACs) are the steroid receptors and the enzymes responsible for steroidogenesis. This study sought to develop an in vitro model for assessing EAC effects in sea turtles by examining their ability to alter cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) activity. Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. This enzyme is critical in the sexual differentiation of reptiles which demonstrate temperature-dependent sex determination. An immortal testis cell line GST-TS from a green sea turtle was grown in culture at 30 °C in RPMI 1640 media. The cells were exposed to three known aromatase inducers; dexamethasone (Dex), 8Br-cyclic AMP, or human chronic gonadotropin (HCG) and one aromatase inhibitor 4-androstenol-dione (4-OHA). In addition, the GST-TS cells were exposed to 0.1–30 μM atrazine and 3–100 μM 4,4
′ -DDE. The inducing compounds that have been shown to increase aromatase activity in other systems failed to induce aromatase activity in the GST-TS cells, yet exposure to the inhibiting compound, 4-OHA, did result in a significant reduction. Atrazine (0.1, 1.0 and 10 μM) significantly induced aromatase activity following a 24 h exposure, and 4,4′ -DDE inhibited the activity but only at cytotoxic concentrations (100 μM). Based on these results, this in vitro model can be useful in examining the endocrine effects of EACs in sea turtles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2004
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13. Why patients sign out against medical advice (AMA): factors motivating patients to sign out AMA.
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Green, Patricia, Watts, Diane, Poole, Sabrina, and Dhopesh, Vasant
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DRUG abuse treatment , *METHADONE treatment programs , *VOLUNTEER workers in drug abuse programs , *MEDICAL cooperation , *SOCIAL medicine , *CONSULTATION-liaison psychiatry - Abstract
A retrospective review of the against medical advice (AMA) discharges revealed that the majority of the patients left AMA for personal reasons, i.e., sickness or death in the family; reconciliation with spouse, girl friend, or family members; financial problems; and legal issues such as a court date. Strategies to reduce AMA discharges and increase patient retention in treatment are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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14. Mechanisms of imposex induction in the mud snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta: TBT as a neurotoxin and aromatase inhibitor
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Oberdörster, Eva and McClellan-Green, Patricia
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PEPTIDE hormones , *AROMATASE , *TESTOSTERONE - Abstract
The occurrence of imposex, imposition of male sex characteristics on female snails, has been extensively documented throughout the world. Tributyltin (TBT) and other organotins have been causally linked to imposex induction at levels as low as 2 ng/l. There are several proposed mechanisms of action. First, TBT has been shown to be neurotoxic and to accumulate in snail ganglia. Peptide hormones control sexual differentiation in gastropods, and one hypothesis is that TBT acts as a neurotoxin to abnormally release the peptide hormone Penis Morphogenic Factor (PMF). However, PMF has not been characterized to date. The neuropeptide APGWamide significantly induces imposex in the mud snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta, at 10−16 moles sub-cutaneous (SQ) injection over 2 weeks, and could be the PMF in this species. A second hypothesis is that TBT inhibits aromatase activity leading to increased testosterone levels and decreased estradiol. In vitro studies with snail digestive gland microsomes showed that TBT-dosed snails not exhibiting imposex had a 52% reduction in aromatase activity. Although the role of vertebrate sex steroids is not known in gastropods, it is possible that the combination of changes in peptide and steroid hormones may lead to imposex induction at extremely low doses of TBT. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
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15. Teaching brief motivational interviewing to medical students using a pedagogical framework.
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Edwards, Elizabeth J., Arora, Bharti, Green, Patricia, Bannatyne, Amy J., and Nielson, Tracy
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PSYCHOLOGY of medical students , *COUNSELING , *MOTIVATIONAL interviewing , *CURRICULUM , *COMMUNICATION , *CLINICAL competence , *QUESTIONNAIRES - Abstract
Objective: Medical schools are charged with assisting medical students to acquire the confidence, knowledge and skills for behavior change conversations in primary healthcare. The present study evaluated teaching brief motivational interviewing (MI) to pre-clinical medical students.Methods: Forty-six students participated in an educational intervention premised on the Learn, See, Practice, Prove, Do, Maintain pedagogical framework, comprising 2 × 2-h lectures, a 2-h role-play triad session, and 3 × 2-h small group simulated patient encounters supported by scaffolding strategies. Measures of brief MI knowledge (MI Knowledge and Attitudes Test & Multiple-Choice Knowledge Test) and confidence (MI Confidence Scale) were taken at baseline, post-training, and 3-month follow-up, and skills (Behavior Change Counseling Index) were assessed at three intervals during simulated patient encounters.Results: Students who received brief MI training improved in knowledge and confidence from baseline to post-training and gains remained at 3-months. Brief MI skills improved across the simulation sessions.Conclusion: Pre-clinical medical students can attain knowledge, confidence and skills in brief MI after participation in a short intervention and improvements are sustainable.Practice Implications: Our results support the use of an evidence-based pedagogical framework for teaching brief MI in pre-clinical years of medical curricula and our scaffolding strategy affords promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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16. Static breakage of granitic detritus by ice and water in comparison with breakage by flowing water.
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Moss, A. J., Green, Patricia, and Hutka, J.
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DETRITUS , *SEDIMENTS , *GRANITE , *QUARTZ , *OXIDE minerals , *SIZE reduction of materials - Abstract
Temperature cycling between -4.5±1.0 °C and 13.0±2.0 °C in the presence of added water caused significant breakage of granitic detritus. Because cycling with only adsorbed water present also caused breakage, fragmentation is attributed to both the combined action of ice and adsorbed water and to the latter acting alone. Breakage evidently resulted from the gradual tensile opening of pre-existing cracks, weakening then splitting grains. Surviving unbroken grains show evidence of a fatigue effect. Quartz split dominantly along pre-existing subplanar microfractures whereas feldspar and biotite split along crystal cleavages. Degree of breakage and product size distribution depend on the crystalline nature of the parent material, its previous history, and the nature and duration of the breakage process. With the first two factors the same, size distributions from adsorbed water breakage alone and from that due to adsorbed water plus ice differ slightly. Both contrast strongly with those of simulated fluviatile breakage. Whereas the latter preferentially produced 2–20 μim particles (probably debris of inter-particle collisions), static breakage split coarser grains wherever major weaknesses occurred, producing less selective product size distributions with greater proportions of loess-sized material (about 20–60 μm). Characteristic inflections in the size distribution curves of our experimentally produced debris are also shown by samples from the sola of some frost-affected soils. Partially healed microfractures in plutonic quartz are normally spaced at about 1–10 μm—approaching the downward asymptotic comminution limit for brittle solids (about 1 μm). Surficial physical processes are capable of reducing only a small proportion of plutonic quartz to this size before its storage in sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1981
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17. Using Community Service to Teach Developmental Psychology.
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McCluskey-Fawcett, Kathleen and Green, Patricia
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DEVELOPMENTAL psychology , *COMMUNITY development - Abstract
Presents methods and techniques on community services to teach developmental psychology for children and families. Development of social and civic responsibility; Achievement of personal and educational goals; Determination of career objectives.
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- 1992
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18. Using Plasma Vitellogenin in Loggerhead Sea Turtles to Assess Reproductive Maturation and Estrogen‐Like Contaminant Exposure.
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Corniuk, Raquel N., Lynch, Jennifer M., Arendt, Michael D., Braun‐McNeill, Joanne, Owens, David W., Valverde, Roldán A., Kucklick, John R., and McClellan‐Green, Patricia D.
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LOGGERHEAD turtle , *SEXUAL cycle , *VITELLOGENINS , *TURTLES , *PERSISTENT pollutants , *IMMUNOASSAY - Abstract
Vitellogenin (VTG), an egg yolk precursor, is abnormally produced by male and juvenile oviparous species after exposure to estrogens. Plasma VTG in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) helped us understand their reproductive maturation and investigate it as a biomarker of contaminant exposure. The presence of VTG was screened in plasma from 404 loggerheads from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean using a freshwater turtle antibody in western blots. The concentrations of VTG were semiquantified using band intensities calibrated to results from a loggerhead antibody enzyme‐linked immunoassay. The detection and concentrations of VTG were in (from highest to lowest): nesting females, in‐water adult females, subadult females, smaller females, unknown sex, and males. Loggerheads from this region begin vitellogenesis at ≅77 cm straight carapace length. We classified VTG expression as abnormal in nine male or juvenile turtles. Organochlorine contaminant (OC) concentrations were measured in blood and/or fat biopsies of some turtles. One abnormal VTG female had the second highest fat polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and 4,4′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene concentrations compared among 43 VTG‐negative juveniles. The nine VTG‐abnormal turtles had average blood PCB concentrations 8.5% higher, but not significantly different, than 46 VTG‐negative juveniles (p = 0.453). In turtles less than 77 cm, blood PCB concentrations were significantly, but weakly, correlated with semiquantified VTG concentrations (tau = 0.1, p = 0.004). Greater blood OC concentrations were found in adult females than in males, which motivated the creation of a conceptual model of OC, VTG, and hormone concentrations across a reproductive cycle. A decision tree is also provided incorporating VTG as a sexing tool. Abnormal VTG expression cannot conclusively be linked to endocrine disruption caused by these OC concentrations. Studies should further investigate causes of abnormal VTG expression in wild sea turtles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1309–1325. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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19. The Environmental Illness Resource.
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Green, Patricia
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- HOGG, Matthew
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The article reviews the web site Environmental Illness Resource at http://www.ei-resource.org/ by Matthew Hogg.
- Published
- 2009
20. The Institute for Public Relations.
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Green, Patricia
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- *
WEBSITES , *PUBLIC relations , *SOCIAL services -- Public relations , *INTERNET in public relations , *INTERNET in education , *SCIENCE & the humanities , *INDUSTRIAL management , *ELECTRONIC information resources , *EDUCATION - Abstract
The article presents a corporate background of the Institute for Public Relations (IPR), an independent foundation in the U.S. dedicated to the science behind the art of public relations, and its official web site, www.instituteforpr.com. IPR aims to serve a wide range of groups that focuses on leaders in the field of public relations as well as educators, researchers and students. It operates through the collaborative efforts of trustees including academics and business professionals. The web site of IPR features four areas of interest including the "About" section, "Research" section, "Bibliography of Public Relations Measurement" section and "Education" section.
- Published
- 2006
21. Retelling Myths for Children.
- Author
-
Lothrop-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- *
GREEK mythology in literature , *GREEK mythology , *LITERARY adaptations , *PERSEPHONE (Greek deity) in literature - Abstract
Considers the way that classic stories, such as the Greek myths, are replicated for young readers. Question of how a simplified version of a myth can be recognized to be reductive; View that myths convey truths, using literary devices such as metaphor and symbol; Discussion of the adaptation of the tale of Persephone by a number of authors and illustrators.
- Published
- 2002
22. Dangerous Pregnancies: Mothers, Disabilities, and Abortion in Modern America.
- Author
-
Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- *
CHILDBIRTH , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *RUBELLA , *DISABILITIES , *ATTITUDES toward abortion , *HISTORY - Abstract
The article reviews the book "Dangerous Pregnancies: Mothers, Disabilities, and Abortion in Modern America" by Leslie J. Reagan.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Naw'lins.
- Author
-
Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- NAW'LINS (Poem), GREEN, Patricia
- Abstract
Presents the poem "Naw'lins," by Patricia Green. First Line: If it's true; Last Line: six-feet deep.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. It's Hip! It's Contemporary! It's Literature!
- Author
-
Lothrop-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- *
STUDENTS , *FICTION , *APPRECIATION of classical literature , *BOOKS & reading - Abstract
Recommends several novels that might help students develop the attention and analytic tools to appreciate the classics. `Blue River,' by Ethan Canin; `Morality Play,' Barry Unsworth; `Atticus,' by Ron Hansen; Contents of the books.
- Published
- 1997
25. Mentoring as Professional Development for African American Ph.D. Students Pursuing the Professoriate.
- Author
-
BRYANT, CRYSTAL J., HILTON, ADRIEL A., and GREEN, PATRICIA A.
- Subjects
- *
MENTORING , *EDUCATION of African Americans , *DOCTORAL degree , *DOCTORAL programs , *DOCTORAL students - Abstract
This study examined the professional development mentoring experiences of African American and non-African American doctorate recipients who participated in the Southern Regional Educational Board (SREB) Doctoral Scholars Program or the McKnight Doctoral Fellows (MDF) Program, and are currently employed as faculty at an American college or university. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data. It was anticipated that the findings of this study would provide a better understanding of the types of professional development mentoring activities that are needed to a) bridge the gap that exists between doctoral education and career preparation, and b) increase the number of well-trained African Americans entering the professoriate in the US higher education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
26. A Novel Integration Effort to Reduce the Risk for Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy Among Women Attending Urban STD Clinics.
- Author
-
HUTTON, HEIDI E., CHANDER, GEETANJALI, GREEN, PATRICIA P., HUTSELL, CATHERINE A., WEINGARTEN, KIMBERLY, and PETERSON, KAREN L.
- Subjects
- *
INTEGRATED health care delivery , *FETAL alcohol syndrome , *SEXUALLY transmitted disease diagnosis , *MEDICAL screening , *COMMUNITY health services , *CONTRACEPTION , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MEDICAID , *EVALUATION of medical care , *PILOT projects , *BINGE drinking , *MOTIVATIONAL interviewing , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PREGNANCY , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) is a significant public health problem in the United States. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics serve female clients with a high prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption coupled with ineffective contraceptive use. Project CHOICES (Changing High-Risk AlcOhol Use and Increasing Contraception Effectiveness) is an evidence-based, brief intervention to lower risk of AEP by targeting alcohol and contraceptive behaviors through motivational interviewing and individualized feedback. We describe our experience integrating and implementing CHOICES in STD clinics. This endeavor aligns with CDC's National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention's program collaboration and service integration strategic priority to strengthen collaborative work across disease areas and integrate services provided by related programs at the client level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A Novel Integration Effort to Reduce the Risk for Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy Among Women Attending Urban STD Clinics.
- Author
-
Hutton, Heidi E., Chander, Geetanjali, Green, Patricia P., Hutsell, Catherine A., Weingarten, Kimberly, and Peterson, Karen L.
- Abstract
Alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) is a significant public health problem in the United States. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics serve female clients with a high prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption coupled with ineffective contraceptive use. Project CHOICES (Changing High-Risk AlcOhol Use and Increasing Contraception Effectiveness) is an evidence-based, brief intervention to lower risk of AEP by targeting alcohol and contraceptive behaviors through motivational interviewing and individualized feedback. We describe our experience integrating and implementing CHOICES in STD clinics. This endeavor aligns with CDC's National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention's program collaboration and service integration strategic priority to strengthen collaborative work across disease areas and integrate services provided by related programs at the client level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
28. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Preconception Risk Factors and Preconception Care.
- Author
-
Denny, Clark H., Floyd, R. Louise, Green, Patricia P., and Hayes, Donald K.
- Subjects
- *
CONFIDENCE intervals , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH surveys , *PRECONCEPTION care , *PREGNANCY complications , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RACE , *DATA analysis , *HEALTH equity , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objective: At-risk drinking, cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes, and frequent mental distress, as well as their co-occurrence in childbearing aged women, are risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study estimated the prevalence of these five risk factors individually and in combination among nonpregnant women aged 18-44 years by demographic and psychosocial characteristics, with a focus on racial and ethnic disparities. Methods: Data from the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) on nonpregnant women aged 18-44 years ( n=54,612) were used to estimate the prevalences of five risk factors, pairs of co-occurring risk factors, and multiple risk factors for poor pregnancy outcomes. Results: The majority of women had at least one risk factor, and 18.7% had two or more risk factors. Having two or more risk factors was highest among women who were American Indian and Alaska Native (34.4%), had less than a high school education (28.7%), were unable to work (50.1%), were unmarried (23.3%), and reported sometimes, rarely, or never receiving sufficient social and emotional support (32.8%). The most prevalent pair of co-occurring risk factors was at-risk drinking and smoking (5.7%). Conclusions: The high proportion of women of childbearing age with preconception risk factors highlights the need for preconception care. The common occurrence of multiple risk factors suggests the importance of developing screening tools and interventions that address risk factors that can lead to poor pregnancy outcomes. Increased attention should be given to high-risk subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Resistance to regulatory T cell-mediated suppression in rheumatoid arthritis can be bypassed by ectopic foxp3 expression in pathogenic synovial T cells.
- Author
-
Beavis, Paul A., Gregory, Bernard, Green, Patricia, Cribbs, Adam P., Kennedy, Alan, Amjadi, Parisa, Palfreeman, Andrew C., Feldmann, Marc, and Brennan, Fionula M.
- Subjects
- *
T cells , *RHEUMATOID arthritis , *SYNOVIAL membranes , *CELL culture , *CYTOKINES - Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that regulatory T cell (Treg) function is impaired in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we demonstrate that Tregs are unable to modulate the spontaneous production of TNF-α from RA synovial cells cultured from the diseased synovium site. Cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α) activated T cells (Tck), cells we previously demonstrated to mimic the effector function of pathogenic RA synovial T cells, contained Tregs that survived and divided in this cytokine environment; however, the up-regulation of key molecules associated with Treg function (CTLA-4 and LFA-1) was impaired. Furthermore, Tregs were unable to suppress the function of Tcks, including contact-dependent induction of TNF-α from macrophages, supporting the concept that impaired Treg function/responsiveness contributes to chronicity of RA. However, ectopic foxp3 expression in both Tcks and pathogenic RA synovial T cells attenuated their cytokine production and function, including contact-dependent activation of macrophages. This diminished response to cytokine activation after ectopic foxp3 expression involved inhibited NF-κB activity and differed mechanistically from that displayed endogenously in conventional Tregs. These results suggest that diseases such as RA may perpetuate owing to the inability of Tregs to control cytokine-activated T-cell function. Understanding the mechanism whereby foxp3 attenuates the pathogenic function of synovial T cells may provide insight into the mechanisms of chronicity in inflammatory disease and potentially reveal new therapeutic candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Concurrent Alcohol Use or Heavier Use of Alcohol and Cigarette Smoking Among Women of Childbearing Age with Accessible Health Care.
- Author
-
Tsai, James, Floyd, R., Green, Patricia, Denny, Clark, Coles, Claire, and Sokol, Robert
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC health , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *ALCOHOL drinking , *PRIMARY care , *MULTIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
This study was conducted to provide nationally representative findings on the prevalence and distribution of concurrent alcohol use or heavier use of alcohol and cigarette smoking among women of childbearing age with accessible health care. For the years 2003–2005, a total of 20,912 women 18–44 years of age who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) reported that during the study period, there was a place where they would usually go for health care when sick or in need of advice about their health. The prevalence and distribution of concurrent alcohol use or heavier use of alcohol and cigarette smoking reported by such women was calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the “most often visited health care place” among concurrent users who reported having seen or talked to a health care provider during the previous 12 months. Among surveyed women with accessible health care, 12.3% reported concurrent alcohol use and cigarette smoking, and 1.9% reported concurrent heavier use of alcohol and cigarette smoking during the study period. Of women who reported either type of concurrent use, at least 84.4% also indicated having seen or talked to one or more health care providers during the previous 12 months. Such women were more likely than non-concurrent users to indicate that the “most often visited health care place” was a “hospital emergency room or outpatient department or some other place” or a “clinic or health center,” as opposed to an “HMO or doctor’s office.” Concurrent alcohol use or heavier use of alcohol and cigarette smoking among women of childbearing age is an important public health concern in the United States. The findings of this study highlight the importance of screening and behavioral counseling interventions for excessive drinking and cigarette smoking by health care providers in both primary care and emergency department settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Detection of Gram-Negative Histamine-Producing Bacteria in Fish: A Comparative Study.
- Author
-
BJORNSDOTTIR, KRISTIN, BOLTON, GREGORY E., McCLELLAN-GREEN, PATRICIA D., JAYKUS, LEE-ANN, and GREEN, DAVID P.
- Subjects
- *
GRAM-negative bacteria , *HISTAMINE , *FISHES , *BIOGENIC amines , *POISONING - Abstract
Poisoning due to ingestion of foods with elevated levels of biogenic amines (histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine) is well documented. Histamine fish poisoning largely is due to growth of naturally occurring bacteria associated with scombroid fish species. A rapid and reliable method is needed to screen for the presence of histamine-forming bacteria in fish. This study included a comparison of three methods for the detection of histamine-producing bacteria. A total of 152 histamine-producing and non-histamine-producing bacteria from multiple sources were screened using a modified Niven's agar method, a potentiometric method, and a PCR-based assay targeting a 709-bp fragment of the histidine decarboxylase gene. Histamine production by bacterial isolates was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Bacterial strains were categorized as producing high amounts of histamine, low amounts of histamine, or no histamine. Of the 152 strains tested, 128 (84%) were positive with the Niven's agar method, 73 (48%) were positive with the potentiometric technique, and 74 (49%) were positive with the PCR assay. Overall, a 38% false-positive rate was observed with the modified Niven's agar method, although this method detected both low-histamine and high-histamine strains. There was a high degree of concordance (>99%) between results of the potentiometric and PCR methods, but neither of these methods detected low-histamine bacteria. These observations support the need for a simple and straightforward yet sensitive method for detecting histamine-producing bacteria in seafood and environmental samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Patterns and Average Volume of Alcohol Use Among Women of Childbearing Age.
- Author
-
Tsai, James, Floyd, R. Louise, Green, Patricia P., and Boyle, Coleen A.
- Subjects
- *
MATERNAL health , *ALCOHOL drinking , *HUMAN abnormalities , *NEUROBEHAVIORAL disorders , *BINGE drinking , *WOMEN'S tobacco use , *PREGNANT women - Abstract
Objectives: Maternal alcohol use is a leading preventable cause of neurobehavioral and developmental abnormalities in children. This study examines the patterns and average volume of alcohol use among U.S. women of childbearing age in order to identify subgroups of high-risk women for selective intervention. Methods: A sample of 188,290 women aged 18–44 years participated in the Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention (CDC)’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey during the period of 2001–2003. Reported alcohol use patterns and average volume were examined for pregnant and nonpregnant women. Efforts were made to evaluate and characterize women who practiced various levels of binge drinking. Results: The results showed that approximately 2% of pregnant women and 13% of nonpregnant women in the United States engaged in binge drinking during the period of 2001–2003. Among the estimated average of 6.7 million women of childbearing age overall who engaged in binge drinking during the period, approximately 28.5% women also reported consuming an average of 5 drinks or more on typical drinking days, or about 21.4% women consumed at least 45 drinks on average in a month. Larger proportions of binge drinkers with high usual quantity of consumption were found among women of younger ages (18–24 years) or current smokers. Conclusions: Future prevention efforts should include strategies that combine health messages and encourage women of childbearing age, with particular emphasis on women 18–24 years, to avoid alcohol and tobacco use, and take multivitamins and folic acid daily for better pregnancy outcomes. Other efforts must also include broad-based implementation of screening and brief intervention for alcohol misuse in primary and women’s health care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Methodologies, bioindicators, and biomarkers for assessing gender-related differences in wildlife exposed to environmental chemicals
- Author
-
Burger, Joanna, Fossi, Cristina, McClellan-Green, Patricia, and Orlando, Edward F.
- Subjects
- *
GENDER studies , *CHEMICALS , *BIOMARKERS , *BIOINDICATORS , *ENDOCRINE disruptors , *TOXICITY testing , *ANIMALS ,SEX differences (Biology) - Abstract
Male and female organisms may have significant differences in their exposure, toxicokinetics, and response to chemicals, but gender effects have received relatively little attention, often viewed as a confounder rather than of primary importance. In this paper, we examine some of the key issues and methodologies for incorporating gender in studies of the effects of chemicals on wildlife, and explore bioindicators and biomarkers of gender effects. Examining gender-related differences in response to chemicals is complicated in wildlife because of the vast array of species, and differences in niches, lifespans, reproductive cycles and modes, and population dynamics. Further, organisms are more at risk in some ecosystems than others, which may increase the magnitude of effects. Only by studying wild animals, especially native species, can we truly understand the potential impact of gender-specific effects of chemical exposure on populations. Several factors affect gender-related differences in responses to chemicals, including exposure, age, size, seasonality, and genetic and phenotypic variation. There are clear examples where gender-related differences have had significant effects on reproductive success and population stability, including destabilization of gamete release in invertebrates, and alterations of endocrine and neuroendocrine system functioning in vertebrates. A wide range of new technologies and methods are available for examining gender-related differences in responses to chemicals. We provide examples that show that there are gender-related differences in responses to chemicals that have significant biological effects, and these gender-related differences should be taken into account by scientists, regulators, and policy makers, as well as the public. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Neuropeptide APGWamide as a Penis Morphogenic Factor (PMF) in Gastropod Mollusks.
- Author
-
Oberdörster, Eva, Romano, Jocelyn, and McClellan-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- *
GASTROPODA , *SNAILS , *ANDROGENS , *TESTOSTERONE , *PENIS , *GENITALIA , *ANIMAL sexual behavior , *MARINE parks & reserves , *TRIBUTYLTIN , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
The goal of this study was to further investigate the role of endogenous APGWamide levels in imposex induction in snails. APGWamide is a common neurotransmittor/neuromodulator peptide found in many species of molluscs, and is often related to sex organ growth or reproductive behavior. Mud snails (Ilyanassa obsoleta) were collected from the Rachel Carson Estuarine Reserve near Beaufort, NC, and were dosed with the environmental contaminant tributyltin (TBT), testosterone (T), or solvent vehicle (EtOH/ saline) controls. Both TBT and T have been shown previously to induce female snails to grow penises (a condition termed imposex), and to increase male penis size. Male normalized penis length was correlated to endogenous APGWamide levels (as measured by Western blotting of whole animal homogenates, r² = 0.475), and control males had significantly higher APGWamide levels than control females. All TBT-treated animals, (male, female, and imposex) had levels of APGWamide similar to control males and significantly higher than control females. In testosterone treated animals, APGWamide levels were the same as controls and it is likely that testosterone interferes with a downstream signaling event to induce imposex. In addition, immunohistochemistry for APGWamide expression in abdominal areas was done on female, male and imposex snails collected from the wild. The pattern of APGWamide in imposex snails was similar to male snails, showing large patches of immuno-reactive areas in the top portion of the visceral mass. In female snails, no areas of cross-reactivity were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Consistency of Estimates Obtained through Central-Location Sampling: Analysis of The Partnership for a Drug-Free America Attitude Tracking Study.
- Author
-
Black, Gordon S., Zastowny, Thomas R., Green, Patricia J., Adams, Edgar H., and Lawton, Kirke B.
- Subjects
- *
DRUG abuse , *SOCIAL status , *DRUGS of abuse , *SURVEYS , *SUBSTANCE abuse - Abstract
To evaluate the reliability and validity of estimates of drug use obtained through multiple-site central-location sampling, data from the Partnership Attitude Tracking Study (PATS), collected annually beginning in 1987, are tracked longitudinally and compared with data collected through traditional household interviews. Comparisons with demographic estimates from Current Population Surveys indicate that central-location sampling can provide a broadly representative sample of the adult population. However, there is some coverage bias in central-location sampling, most notably in the under representation of adults who do not have high school diplomas. Sample estimates obtained from central-location sampling are consistent over time. Basic demographic characteristics of the samples-education, income, marital status, and area of residence - vary by less than 5% across the four waves of the tracking study. Prevalence estimates of self-reported drug use demonstrate an even higher degree of consistency over time. Comparisons of PATS and National Household Survey of Drug Abuse data and the Monitoring the Future data indicate a higher level of drug use and a lower level of perceived risk of occasional use among PATS respondents. While the trends in use and perceived risk reported in all studies are similar, we suggest that perceived threats to confidentiality and anonymity often result in significant under reporting of drug use, particularly in household surveys. Sample estimate differences are attributed to sampling and measurement error. Some discrepancy in prevalence estimates is associated with the fact that the PATS sample is not a true probability sample; as a result, the sampling error of the overall study cannot be estimated precisely. It is also likely that the difference in estimates between the studies is a product of the decreased measurement error of PATS methodology. In central-location sampling, respondents are completely anonymous and may feel more comfortable in providing honest answers about illicit activities such as drug use. The potential applications of this methodology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. US troops face hydra forces in Iraq.
- Author
-
Green, Patricia
- Published
- 2005
37. Damaged Angels: An Adoptive Mother Discovers the Tragic Toll of Alcohol in Pregnancy.
- Author
-
Price-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- *
ALCOHOLISM in pregnancy , *NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews the book "Damaged Angels: An Adoptive Mother Discovers the Tragic Toll of Alcohol in Pregnancy," by Patricia Price-Green.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Sacred Places (Book Review).
- Author
-
Lothrop-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- SACRED Places (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Sacred Places,' by Philemon Sturges, illustrated by Giles Laroche.
- Published
- 2000
39. Preschool to Grade 4: Fiction.
- Author
-
Lothrop-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- NIGHT of the Goat Children (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Night of the Goat Children,' by Patrick J. Lewis.
- Published
- 1999
40. Tapestries: Stories of Women in the Bible.
- Author
-
Lothrop-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- TAPESTRIES, The (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Tapestries: Stories of Women in the Bible,' retold by Ruth Sanderson.
- Published
- 1998
41. Grades 5 & up: Nonfiction.
- Author
-
Lothrop-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- BE Not Far From Me: The Oldest Love Story (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Be Not Far From Me: The Oldest Love Story: Legends from the Bible,' by Eric Kimmel.
- Published
- 1998
42. Preschool to grade 4: Nonfiction.
- Author
-
Lothrop-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- RAMA & the Demon King (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Rama and the Demon King: An Ancient Tale from India,' by Jessica Souhami.
- Published
- 1997
43. Rikki-Tikki-Tavi (Book).
- Author
-
Lothrop-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- RIKKI-Tikki-Tavi (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Rikki-Tikki-Tavi,' by Rudyard Kipling.
- Published
- 1997
44. Crown Duel (Book).
- Author
-
Lothrop-Green, Patricia
- Subjects
- CROWN Duel (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Crown Duel,' by Sherwood Smith.
- Published
- 1997
45. Preschool-grade 4: Nonfiction.
- Author
-
Green, Patricia Dooley and Jones, Trevelyn E.
- Subjects
- BIBLE. Genesis
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Genesis,' from the Holy Bible, illustrated by Ed Young.
- Published
- 1997
46. Preschool & primary grades: Nonfiction.
- Author
-
Green, Patricia Dooley and Jones, Trevelyn E.
- Subjects
- COYOTE & the Fire Stick (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Coyote and the Fire Stick: A Pacific Northwest Indian Tale,' by Barbara Diamond Goldin, illustrated by Will Hillenbrand.
- Published
- 1996
47. Book review: Preschool & primary grades.
- Author
-
Green, Patricia Lothro
- Subjects
- EAGLE Boy (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Eagle Boy: A Traditional Navajo Legend,' by Gerald Hausman.
- Published
- 1996
48. Book Review: PreSchool & Primary.
- Author
-
Green, Patricia (Dooley) Lothrop
- Subjects
- *
BOOKS ,REVIEWS - Abstract
Reviews the book `The Jungle Book,' by Rudyard Kipling.
- Published
- 1995
49. Book Review: PreSchool & Primary.
- Author
-
Green, Patricia (Dooley) Lothrop
- Subjects
- HER Stories (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `Her Stories: African American Folktales, Fairy Tales and True Tales,' by Virginia Hamilton.
- Published
- 1995
50. Book review: Grade 3-6.
- Author
-
Green, Patricia Lothro
- Subjects
- IRON Woman, The (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `The Iron Woman,' by Ted Hughes, illustrated by Barry Moser.
- Published
- 1995
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